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Topic: Tropical agriculture

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	Tropical agriculture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Tropical zone, or Tropics, is defined as the area laying between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
		Soils in the humid tropics are normally highly acidic and nutrient poor; decomposition is rapid because of high temperatures, high humidity, and frequent heavy rains.
		Since the Europeans came to discover (and populate) South America, Africa, Asia and other tropical areas, they introduced allot of "their" crops, crops that were not indigenous in the newly discovered territories and thus the beginning of of what would become known as "another great ecological tragedy".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tropical_agriculture (3842 words)

	Tropical Agriculture and Natural Resource Mgt.-FIELD GUIDE-Agriculture
		Agriculture was the main industry on the island until well into the 20th century.
		Mangoes are the highest valued of the island's tropical fruits with annual sales of nearly $20 million.Pineapples are grown in the oxisols of the north central coast near Manati.
		In addition, the benefits of a strong agricultural industry as a buffer between urban development and the island's natural areas cannot be overstated.
	www.mccc.edu /tropicalhort/page6.htm (1079 words)

	Scientists & Farmers Are Revolutionizing Tropical Hillside Agriculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The world's tropical hillsides, on which 525 million people live and farm, are annually losing nearly 10,000 square miles of tropical forests to deforestation and 13 billion tons of topsoil to erosion according to scientists at the Consultative Group on International Agriculture Research (CGIAR).
		Tropical hillsides contain 50 percent of the world's tropical forests and 20 percent of the world's fresh water.
		The consequences of this environmental degradation on tropical hillsides are visible on TV news nightly, from the mudslides that hit rural Mexico this October, to the devastation that Hurricane Mitch brought to Central America in 1998, killing 12,000 people.
	www.futureharvest.org /news/10241999.shtml (2016 words)

	The need for integrated solutions in tropical land use
		Tropical agriculture is not limited to the humid tropics; it also includes dry zones.
		Humid tropic conditions are found over nearly 50 per cent of the tropical land mass and 20 per cent of the earth's total land surface an area of about 3 billion hectares.
		It seems ironic that modern agriculture in many cases has lost (and, in the tropics, is still losing) site-specific skills for managing complex agro-ecosystems in its quest for standardization and commoditization, and that the same skill factor (albeit with the incorporation of modern scientific knowledge) is limiting the transition to sustainable agriculture.
	www.unu.edu /unupress/unupbooks/uu24ee/uu24ee0r.htm (2343 words)

	Tropical Agriculture Program
		Sanchez is a tropical soil expert and director of the Millennium Villages Project.
		It focuses on the tropics, where expansion and intensification of agriculture is needed to improve food security, but risks harming the long-term integrity of the environment.
		The Tropical Agriculture Program leads the Earth Institute's initiative The Millennium Villages Project; provides support to the MDG Centers in Nairobi, Kenya and Bamako, Mali; administered the U.N. Millennium Project Task Force on Hunger; and conducts publicity and relevant research.
	www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu /tropag/index.php (205 words)

	CHAPTER 1 - A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON TROPICAL ANIMAL AGRICULTURE
		The livestock component in agricultural land use thus may be viewed as a crucial biophysical and socio-economic linchpin of organic and mineral nutrient cycling for the maintenance of resilience and productivity of the natural resource base, primarily, but not exclusively, in complex land use systems.
		In addition to these general trends, animal agriculture research is faced with widespread reservations related with the association between livestock and resource degradation and between the consumption of foods of animal origin and human health problems.
		International animal agriculture research, as mandated to ILRI by the CGIAR, is expected to be at the centre of the global endeavour to provide tomorrow's solutions to the critical problems of the rapidly expanding and changing livestock sector.
	www.sciencecouncil.cgiar.org /publications/html/X5797E/x5797e06.htm (2443 words)

	Postgraduate studies in tropical agriculture, Tropical Plant Sciences, JCU, Qld Australia
		Tropical rainforest is preserved over extensive tracts of mountainous uplands and in remnants on the coastal lowlands, which have been otherwise cleared for agricultural production.
		Sugarcane, bananas, papaws and other tropical fruits, dairying, forestry, intensive small cropping, and beef cattle fattening are the main agricultural industries in the wetter lands to the north of Townsville.
		Beef cattle graze extensive tracts of native and improved pastures in the drier inland regions, with an annual rainfall of 500 - 650 mm, and lying in the "outback" or "inland" savanna lands to the west of Townsville.
	www.jcu.edu.au /school/tbiol/Botany/tropag.htm (3097 words)

	Hort 403 - Lecture 1
		An introduction to the agriculture of the tropics and subtropics emphasizing horticultural crops.
		The tropics are winterless climates where the temperature differences between night and day are small but exceed be several times the difference between the warmest and coolest months.
		The tropics is the region of the earth's surface lying between the Tropic of Cancer (23.5º N of the equator) and the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5º S of the equator).
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/tropical/lecture_01/lec_01.html (305 words)

	Complementary Studies in Tropical Agriculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Master of Science in Tropical Agriculture offers two years of academic training and consists of a degree course of complementary studies (GAS: 1-year programme) and a degree course of advanced studies (GGS: 1-year programme see Master of Science in Tropical Agriculture).
		The general objective of the MSc programme in Tropical Agriculture is to provide multidisciplinary and professional training in tropical agriculture to participants who are or will be professionally active in the agricultural sector in the tropics.
		Since tropical agriculture is embedded in a multitude of unique socio-cultural environments and only sustainable when tied in with the local environment, it is one of the specific objectives of the MSc programme in Tropical Agriculture to provide students with contemporary insights into the many facets of these environments.
	www.kuleuven.ac.be /onderwijs/aanbod/opleidingen/E/SC_50045921.htm (510 words)

	Tropical Agriculture Research Station : Location's History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The U. Congress authorized the establishment and maintenance of an Agricultural Experiment Station in Puerto Rico in 1901 and thus, TARS, the Tropical Agriculture Research Station, (known before as the Federal Experiment Station) was founded.
		The tropical plant collection on the grounds of TARS is one of the finest and best documented in the Western Hemisphere.
		In 1987, the station was renamed to the Germplasm Introduction and Research Unit, and quarantined growouts of corn, sorghum and pearl millet germplasm began.
	www.ars.usda.gov /main/docs.htm?docid=3575 (529 words)

	Agriculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A central concern of agriculture must therefore be a sustainable resource base—soil conservation, an assured supply of nutrients, and a buffer from the inflationary costs of inputs that accompany the fossil fuel-based agriculture of the rich countries.
		Agricultural extension used to be conceived of as a one-way flow of technical information from a central source to the farmer to encourage him or her to undertake "correct" agricultural practices.
		However, this book does not focus on the tropical and semi-arid conditions which are found in most developing countries; and it does not provide specific details on any techniques suggested (such as building terraces for erosion control, or monitoring local conditions).
	www.villageearth.org /atnetwork/atsourcebook/chapters/agriculture.htm (16735 words)

	Tropical agriculture gets attention - Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center and United States ...
		Nearly 62 years ago, then U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace proposed the creation of an inter-American institution for tropical agriculture that would benefit all American countries by conducting research and training personnel.
		The idea quickly took root in Turrialba, Costa Rica, and is now the internationally recognized Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center, or CATIE (KAH-tee-ay), for short.
		The challenge for CATIE in its day-to-day operation and for the conference series is to devise new ways to increase tropical agricultural production to feed a growing global population while conserving the world's natural resources and the environment.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3741/is_2_50/ai_83343284 (851 words)

	Encouraging Private Sector Research for Tropical Agriculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Agricultural needs in poor tropical countries differ significantly from those in temperate, rich countries.
		This is a result of significant failures in the market for research and development (R&D), in particular, the difficulty of preventing the resale of seed in developing countries.
		To encourage private R&D in tropical agriculture, traditional funding of research may be usefully supplemented by a commitment to reward developers of specific new agricultural technologies.
	www.brook.edu /views/articles/kremer/200601.htm (373 words)

	Tropical Agriculture Research Station : Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		TARS is one of three tropical/subtropical research centers of the U. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service and is supported by annual appropriations from the U. Congress.
		The Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS) conducts research to develop solutions to agricultural problems of high national priority.
		The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, or marital or family status.
	www.ars.usda.gov /main/site_main.htm?modecode=66-35-00-00 (243 words)

	Tropical Agriculture Equatorial Guinea Malabo
		From its foundation in 1906, Camasa has been dedicated to agricultural development in the island of Bioko, Equatorial Guinea.
		We actually produce various types of tropical crops, primarily cocoa, dried artificially in mechanical driers.
		We too produce pineapple, and in an experimental way,pepper, walnut and vanilla, traditionally being cocoa the leading one.
	www.camasa.net /agriculture.htm (52 words)

	Tropical Fruits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Convened by the Global Forum for Agricultural Research (GFAR) and the CGIAR Science Council, the workshop was organized by their secretariats in collaboration with CIAT, the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC), International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), and the International Federation of Agricultural Producers (IFAP).
		Growing tropical fruits is labor intensive and can provide steady employment and income even to families with very small parcels of land.
		To help partners in the public and private sectors promote the production, processing, and marketing of tropical fruits in rural communities, CIAT scientists will develop an interactive Web-based information system that indicates what tropical fruit species can be grown successfully in particular locations, based on agroecological similarities.
	www.ciat.cgiar.org /tropical_fruits/index.htm (633 words)

	JCU - Tropical Agriculture course unique
		Professor Paul Gadek said the new Bachelor of Agricultural Science is the only such course based in the tropics.
		"The Bachelor of Tropical Agricultural Science is the only agricultural science course in Australia based in the tropics and designed for the tropics," said Professor Paul Gadek Head of School of Tropical Plant Sciences.
		Professor Gadek said JCU's Bachelor of Tropical Agricultural Science will contribute significantly to the economic enhancement of tropical communities through the provision of appropriately trained graduates and relevant research activities.
	media.jcu.edu.au /story.cfm?id=456 (363 words)

	The Center for Tropical Agriculture
		is to conduct research, education and extension programs intended to raise levels of nutrition and standards of living of people in tropical and subtropical regions, to sustainably improve agricultural productivity and natural resources management, to protect and restore fragile natural ecosystems potentially affected by agriculture, and prevent loss of biodiversity.
		The Center for Tropical Agriculture was established at the University of Florida (UF) in 1965 to strongly and effectively foster scientific exchanges between UF faculty and students and their counterparts in Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia and the Pacific and Africa.
		The Center is well suited to support agricultural activities in agriculture because Florida's climate, natural resources, crops, livestock, pests and diseases all have significant similarities to those in many tropical countries.
	cta.ufl.edu (371 words)

	Agriculture
		The College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management's goal is to offer an excellent undergraduate education in the agricultural sciences.
		The Hawaii Export Nursery Association (HENA) is a non-profit membership organization of Hawai‘i nurserymen and women engaged in the export of potted tropical ornamental plants and flowers.
		The Association is dedicated to marketing, research, transportation, and educational issues, and its goal is to supply Hawaiian grown, top quality tropical plants and flowers for the global marketplace.
	library.kcc.hawaii.edu /external/wwwvlhawaii/hawnvl-agriculture.html (654 words)

	FY 2002 Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations ...
		These funds will be used by the Hawaii Agriculture Research Center to maintain the competitiveness of U.S. sugarcane producers and to continue efforts to increase the types of crops and products marketed by Hawaii's agriculture industry.
		These funds will continue the University of Hawaii College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources's collaborative work on developing efficacious and nontoxic methods to control Tephritid fruit flies and to continue expanding efforts to address multiple pests.
		The funds will be used by the University of Hawaii College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources to develop environmentally compatible methods to control pests and diseases in tropical and subtropical agricultural systems.
	www.senate.gov /~inouye/01pr/2002116639.html (678 words)

	UH Manoa Library - Science & Technology Reference - Tropical & Subtropical Horticulture Resources
		Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences Department, University of Hawai'i at Manoa
		There are over 100 chapters covering major and minor tropical fruits ranging from banana and orange to bael and akee.
		This database of gardening questions with answers from the UH College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resource is searchable by topic or keyword.
	www.hawaii.edu /sciref/trophort.html (1225 words)

	Agriculture
		History of Hawai'i Agriculture is a first attempt to assemble a history of agriculture in Hawaii.
		The Agriculture Development Corporation facilitates and provides direction for the transition of Hawaii's agriculture industry from a dominance of sugar and pineapple to one composed of a diversity of different crops.
		U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center was created to develop basic and applied information to strengthen agriculture in Hawaii and the Pacific Basin in an environmentally acceptable and sustainable manner.
	www.soc.hawaii.edu /dianena/agriculture1.htm (632 words)

	SENATE APPROVES NEARLY $20 MILLION FOR HAWAII AGRICULTURE INITIATIVES
		The Hawaii initiatives, including $5.4 million for the construction of the U.S. Pacific Basin Agriculture Resource Center's laboratory at the University of Hawaii at Hilo's Technology Park and $400,000 for research, are part of the Fiscal Year 2004 Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill.
		The University of Hawaii College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources will use half of the funds to monitor and refine control of the papaya ringspot virus, and to expand the techniques and knowledge obtained from this program to other diseases and pests.
		This program addresses common Pacific island-based agriculture and community issues through cooperative research, extension, and instruction programs that are culturally appropriate, socially acceptable, economically viable, and environmentally compatible.
	inouye.senate.gov /~inouye/03pr/20031106pr01.html (1604 words)

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