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Topic: Trubetzkoy

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	99Impact
		As early as 1923, Trubetzkoy had coined the term of «league of languages» (jazykovoj sojuz), in a theological essay on the plurality of languages («The Tower of Babel and the confusion of Tongues»).
		For Trubetzkoy, on the other hand, the evolution of the Slavic languages is totally different : they arose by divergence from a common ancestor, and now their geographical repartition forms the links of a chain (or rather a chain mail).
		Trubetzkoy's and Jakobson's structuralism functions in a balanced mouvement backward and forward, it relies on a notion which existed prior to the Neo-Grammarians : organicism, while denying it by saying that linguistics is a social science, and it uses it to jump to the modern notion of structure.
	www2.unil.ch /slav/ling/recherche/biblio/99Impact.html (2825 words)

	Amazon.ca: N. S. Trubetzkoy: Studies in General Linguistics and Language Structure: Books: N. S. Trubetzkoy,Anatoly ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Trubetzkoy (Author), Anatoly Liberman (Editor, Translator) "Phonology is concerned not with the sounds of speech as physical, physiological, or psychophysiological phenomena but rather with phonemes, the sound intentions present in the..." (more)
		“This collection of Trubetzkoy’s articles and letters from widely scattered sources is an important and welcome contribution to both the history of linguistics and the advancement of current knowledge.”—Victor Friedman, University of Chicago --This text refers to the Hardcover edition.
		N. Trubetzkoy, one of the most fascinating linguists of this century, was a pioneer in structural linguistics and one of the founders of the Prague School.
	www.amazon.ca /N-S-Trubetzkoy-Linguistics-Structure/dp/0822322994 (401 words)

	International Affairs Journal at UC Davis
		Nikolai Sergeevich Trubetzkoy's The Legacy of Genghis Khan and Other Essays on Russia's Identity is a thorough critique of European civilization and the European orientation of the Russian elite.
		Having a historical-cultural approach to social phenomena, Trubetzkoy substitutes "Romano-Germanic" for what is usually considered as "European," which is a deceptively geographic identification, despite the fact that all groups living in Europe are not considered to be part of the European civilization per se (Turks, Russians, Tatars, Chechens, Albanians, etc.).
		Trubetzkoy considers the Turkic-Muslim groups in Russia to be fundamental elements of Russian identity, in that they, in large part, distinguish Russia from Western Europe.
	davisiaj.com /content/view/20/1 (4018 words)

	Detailed Description
		With respect to diagnostics, linguists most often appeal to criteria such as naturalness, complexity, generality, implication, frequency, stability, ease of articulation, and salience of perception to determine which member of an opposition is marked (Rice 1999a, b, c).
		Phonological criteria such as neutralization are also often used, with the output of neutralization considered to be unmarked (Trubetzkoy 1939/69; for recent work, see Lombardi 1991, 1998, forthcoming, Rigsby and Ingram 1990).
		This approach was employed by Trubetzkoy (1939/69), Jakobson (1949), and Martinet (1964, 1970), to name a few notable theorists.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~contrast/details.html (2359 words)

	[No title]
		Coupled with the distinction between \lquote bilateral opposition\rquote and \lquote multilateral opposition\rquote proposed by Trubetzkoy (1939: 61), th e confusion is multiplied.
		For \lquote Media\rquote and \lquote Tenuis\rquote found in Trubetzkoy (1939: 71) in connection with /d/ and /t/ in German, Trubetzkoy (1949: 82), a French translation by J. Cantineau, allots the term \lquote moyenne\rquote and \lquote t\'e9nue\rquote while Trubetzkoy (1969: 79), an English translation by C. Baltaxe allots \lquote voiced stop\rquote and \lquote voiceless stop\rquote.
		Here Trubetzkoy is not plagued by phoneticism as Hyman is. Be that as it may, it would be inappropriate to impute a whole fault such as witnessed in the above-quoted passage of Hyman to Trubetzkoy\rquote s occasional slips.
	www3.unileon.es /dp/dfh/ctx/1997/Akama1.doc (2783 words)

	Lawyers'' Language; The Distinctiveness Of Legal Language Summary
		Trubetzkoy (1890–1939) is generally celebrated today as the creator of the science of phonology.
		While his monumental Grundzüge der Phonologie was published posthumously and contains a summary of Trubetzkoy’s late views on the linguistic function of speech sounds, there has been, until now, no practical way to trace the development of his thought or to clarify the conclusions appearing in that later work.
		The resulting collection offers a view of the evolution of Trubetzkoy’s ideas on phonology, the logic in laws of linguistic geography and relative chronology, and the breadth of his involvement with Caucasian phonology and the Finno-Ugric languages.
	www.shvoong.com /f/books/192891-lawyers-language-distinctiveness-legal-language (233 words)

	Jakobson, Roman - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		He coined the term structural linguistics and stressed that the aim of historical linguistics is the study not of isolated changes within a language but of systematic change.
		In Czechoslovakia in the late 1920s and the 30s, Jakobson and a few colleagues, most notably N. Trubetzkoy, developed what came to be known as the Prague school of linguistics.
		They argued that synchronic phonology, the study of speech sounds in a language at a given time, must be considered in light of diachronic phonology, the study of speech sounds as they have changed over the course of the language's history.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Jakobson.html (290 words)

	Opposition
		In his pioneering study of phonology, however, Trubetzkoy (1939:59ff) distinguished different types of oppositions from several points of view.
		These distinctions are based on his important insight, often forgotten in later semiotics, that an opposition between several terms must suppose some kind of similarity, a base of comparison, as well as properties which are different.
		Even Trubetzkoy’s classifications turns out to be of little help when trying to understand these differences.
	www.arthist.lu.se /kultsem/encyclo/opposition.html (1514 words)

	Language Log: Noblesse Oblige
		But in fact, as a phonetician, I've never been easy about that guy Nicholai Trubetzkoy, who wrote in his (posthumous) Grundzüge der Phonologie (1939) that "Phonetics is to phonology as numismatics is to economics".
		The only thing that matters, on this view, is the system that these tokens implement: if you put someone else's face on the coins, or replace them with paper chits or digital messages, nothing important changes in the economic system.
		This is Trubetzkoy's version of the structuralist credo that language is a system of relationships, where only the relationships really matter, not the items related.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/002017.html (729 words)

	Nikolai S. Trubetzkoy - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
		Nikolai Sergejevič Trubetzkoy (en cirílico: Николай Сергеевич Трубецкой)(Moscú, 15 de abril de 1890 -Viena, 25 de junio de 1938), lingüista ruso, padre de la fonología estructural.
		De origen noble, fue un niño prodigio que se decantó muy pronto por el estudio de la etnología y las lenguas de Siberia, los Urales y el Cáucaso.
		En 1928 ingresan Jakobson y Trubetzkoy en el Círculo Lingüístico de Praga, creado en 1926.
	es.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nikolai_S._Trubetzkoy (277 words)

	Dead Air by James Myers -- Science Fiction Writers' Workshop
		"Of course your son is right; I can't believe that you really didn't know this," Trubetzkoy said in extremely rapid English.
		Trubetzkoy controlled fifty-three percent of the company that controlled seventy-six percent of the companies that controlled ninety-eight percent of the global telenet industry.
		Then he heard the advertising warning bell and stopped talking, as he had been conditioned.
	www.galaxyezine.org /readingroom/workshop/indexae0049.html (1542 words)

	=?ISO-8859-1?Q?R=E9p.=20:=20[s]=20Re:=20Do=20phonemes=20=3D=20so?= (Branka ZEI ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		If this were true the Japanese would he= ar the difference between /l/ and /r/ and the English speakers would hear t= he difference between /u/ in French "roue" and /y/ in French "rue".
		The con= tribution of Trubetzkoy was essential to the clarification of the distincti= on between phonology and phonetics: He argued that phonology studies the f= orm (contrast, systemic patterning) and phonetics studies the substance (a= coustics, articulation).
		The contri= bution of Trubetzkoy was essential to the clarification of the distinction = between phonology and phonetics:=20 He argued that phonologyandnbsp; studiesandnbsp;the form (contrast, system= ic patterning) and phonetics studies theandnbsp; substance (acoustics, articu= lation).andnbsp; Perception, as a cogntive act,andnbsp;implies identification, = categorisation and differentiation.
	www.auditory.org /postings/2005/407.html (835 words)

	Amazon.com: "Prince Trubetzkoy": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Prince Trubetzkoy, Chancellor Michael Vorontzov, Senator Roman Vorontzov and seventeen court ladies in gala attire.
		His father, Prince Sergei Trubetzkoy, was professor of philosophy and rector of Moscow University.
		The young Prince Trubetzkoy studied Sanskrit and historical linguistics at Moscow University, and later at Leipzig, where he was taught by Young Grammarians (and...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Prince-Trubetzkoy (417 words)

	Phonology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Prince Nikolai Trubetzkoy's posthumously published work, the Principles of Phonology (1939), is considered the foundation of the Prague School of phonology.
		Directly influenced by Baudouin de Courtenay, Trubetskoy is considered the founder of morphophonology, though morphophonology was first recognized by Baudouin de Courtenay.
		Trubetzkoy split phonology into phonemics and archiphonemics; the former has had more influence than the latter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phonology (1884 words)

	LINGUIST List 8.1142: Phonology
		TRUBETZKOY'S ORPHAN PROCEEDINGS OF THE MONTREAL ROUND TABLE ON MORPHOPHONOLOGY.=20 CONTEMPORARY RESPONSES Rajendra Singh (ed.) 1997 xiv, 363 pp.
		Essentially a record of a roundtable devoted to that boundary (Montr=E9al, October 1994), Trubetzkoy's Orphan is = a full and fascinating picture of some very important contemporary attempts to define it.
		Intended both for practicising and future phonologists and morphologists, Trubetzkoy's Orphan is a valuable record of a very important debate regarding one of the most central questions in phonology and morphology.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/8/8-1142.html (519 words)

	Writings on Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Although Nikolay Sergeyevich Trubetzkoy lived only forty-eight years (1890-1938), he became one of the most influential scholars in the history of linguistics.
		Outside a narrow circle of specialists, it is not generally known that, following his emigration from Russia, Trubetzkoy taught Russian literature at the University of Vienna and left a sizable body of work dating from that period.
		Until now, with a few exception, Trubetzkoy’s studies in literary theory and history have been available only in Russian and German, but not in English.
	www.upress.umn.edu /Books/T/trubetzkoy_writings.html (268 words)

	Foreword, Vol. 1: Philosophy of science, syntax, and semantics
		In the review of Trubetzkoy (Harris 1941b:707), he said that “phonemes are not absolute but relative […] what is relevant in phonemics is only the contrast between one group of sounds and another.” This was not a new conception.
		Continuing with the review of Trubetzkoy, and bearing in mind that phonemic segments are always in one-one correspondence to the phonemic contrasts that they represent, not to the phonetic descriptors or ‘phones’ with which they are associated:
		What Harris rejects here is the notion advanced by Trubetzkoy and others that phonetic distinctions are relevant for determining phonemic contrasts, instead of being more or less useful for representing them in an organized way.
	www.dmi.columbia.edu /zellig/Foreword1.html (9049 words)

	Amazon.fr : N.S. Trubetzkoy: Studies in General Linguistics and Language Structure: Livres en anglais: Anatoly ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Amazon.fr : N.S. Trubetzkoy: Studies in General Linguistics and Language Structure: Livres en anglais: Anatoly Liberman,Marvin Taylor
		N. Trubetzkoy (1890–1939) is generally celebrated today as the creator of the science of phonology.
		“This collection of Trubetzkoy’s articles and letters from widely scattered sources is an important and welcome contribution to both the history of linguistics and the advancement of current knowledge.”—Victor Friedman, University of Chicago
	amazon.fr /N-S-Trubetzkoy-Linguistics-Language-Structure/dp/0822322803 (512 words)

	LINGUIST List 4.1013: Linguistics as Psychology
		I claim that similar comments apply to the linguistics/psycholinguistics divide (recall Panini and Montague).
		I agree with Richard Wojcik (19 NOV) that Trubetzkoy should not be considered a cognitivist.
		As I said before, Trubetzkoy was more consistent.
	linguistlist.org /issues/4/4-1013.html (987 words)

	The Vocabula Review - Free TVR Subscription
		At once an investigation into a particular anthropological situation and a theoretical exploration of the semiotics of ethnic culture, Semiotics of Peasants in Transition describes the complex relationships that have existed among the villagers remaining in Slovenia and those who emigrated to Cleveland, Ohio.
		While his monumental Grundzüge der Phonologie was published posthumously and contains a summary of Trubetzkoy’s late views on the linguistic function of speech sounds, there has been, until now, no practical way to trace the development of his thought.
		With the publication of Studies in General Linguistics and Language Structure, linguists have that opportunity.
	www.vocabula.com /specialoffer/Default.asp?AMT=35 (705 words)

	Ferdinand de Saussure - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Europe, the most important work was being done by the Prague School.
		Most notably, Nikolay Trubetzkoy and Roman Jakobson headed the efforts of the Prague School in setting the course of phonological theory in the decades following 1940.
		Jakobson's universalizing structural-functional theory of phonology, based on a markedness hierarchy of distinctive features, was the first successful solution of a plane of linguistic analysis according to the Saussurean hypotheses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure (884 words)

	LINGUIST List 5.787: /x/ -> /k/, Article by Trubetzkoy, Gender and language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Qs: /x/ -> /k/, Article by Trubetzkoy, Gender and language
		Date: Wed, 6 Jul 94 19:31:10 EDTQuery: An article by Trubetzkoy
		Does anybody know anything about an article by Trubetzkoy which talks about rhyming and vowel harmony in Turkic?
	linguistlist.org /issues/5/5-787.html (137 words)

	Lev Shestov - Speculation and Revelation - V. Solovyov 9-11
		For all this, it is not possible to say that Solovyov's theoretical constructions were very successful.
		Even Prince Evgeny Trubetzkoy, his friend and disciple, is compelled to point out a whole series of great blunders and mistakes in Solovyov's philosophical discussions.
		His attempt to conStruct an ethic on the three feelings peculiar to men - sympathy, shame, and reverence - was subjected to the sharpest criticism by Prince Trubetzkoy.
	www.angelfire.com /nb/shestov/sar/solovyov3.html (6417 words)

	AddALL.com - N. S. Trubetzkoy: Studies in General Linguistics and Language Structure
		Trubetzkoy: Studies in General Linguistics and Language Structure
		Trubetzkoy (1890-1939) is generally celebrated today as the creator of the science of phonology.
		Trubetzkoy: Studies in General Linguistics and Language Structure - by Anatoly Liberman, Marvin Taylor - Hardcover - List $99.95
	www.addall.com /detail/0822322994.html (283 words)

	Amazon.com: N. S. Trubetzkoy: Studies in General Linguistics and Language Structure (Sound and Meaning): Books: Anatoly ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Amazon.com: N. Trubetzkoy: Studies in General Linguistics and Language Structure (Sound and Meaning): Books: Anatoly Liberman,Nikolai Sergeevich Trubetskoi
		Trubetzkoy: Studies in General Linguistics and Language Structure (Sound and Meaning) (Paperback)
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	amazon.com /N-S-Trubetzkoy-Linguistics-Structure/dp/.../0822322994 (1076 words)

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