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Topic: Truce of God

	AllRefer.com - truce of God (Ancient History, Middle Ages And Feudalism) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is related to the peace of God, which exempted clergy, women, children, and peasants from battle or attacks.
		The truce spread from France to Germany, Italy, Flanders, and Spain, and from 1123, it was backed by the threat of excommunication.
		The increasing power of kings (the "peace of kings") and the subsequent rise of strong national governments rendered the truce of God unnecessary and ineffective for enforcing internal peace.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/truceGod.html (262 words)

	Peace and Truce of God - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Peace and Truce of God was a medieval European movement of the Roman Catholic Church which applied spiritual sanctions in order to control and stop the violence of feudal society.
		The Peace and Truce of God movement was a weapon in the Church's arsenal to Christianize and pacify the feudal structures of society through non-violent means.
		Romans in the pagan traditions commonly used a similar phrase "peace of the gods", meaning when the gods were at peace, when the gods were not causing trouble, such as earthquakes or war, otherwise known as Ira Deorum (The Wrath of the Gods).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peace_of_God (1344 words)

	Truce of God
		The Truce of God is a temporary suspension of hostilities, as distinct from the Peace of God which is perpetual.
		Finally it was the sanctification of Sunday which gave rise to the Truce of God, for it had always been agreed not to do battle on that day and to suspend disputes in the law-courts.
		The Truce soon spread from France to Italy and Germany; the oecumenical council of 1179 extended the institution to the whole Church by Canon xxi, "De treugis servandis", which was inserted in the collection of canon law (Decretal of Gregory IX, I, tit., "De treuga et pace").
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/t/truce_of_god.html (440 words)

	truce of God - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		truce of God in the Middle Ages, an attempt by the Catholic church to limit private warfare between feudal lords.
		The truce of God was proposed (AD 958) by Pope John XV and was first applied in 1027.
		The truce of God: ninety years ago, Christian soldiers separated by war reached out to each other to celebrate their Lord's birth.(History--Faith In Action)
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-truceg1od.html (361 words)

	Peace and Truce of God (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Peace of God, or Pax Dei was a proclamation issued by local clergy that granted immunity from violence to noncombatants who could not defend themselves including clergy, children, women (virgins and widows), as well as farm animals.
		The Truce of God, so often and so ineffectually proclaimed by the clergy of the eleventh century, was an obvious imitation of this ancient custom." (Gibbon, vol.
		It became a convention among the seigneurs of Roussillon and Catalonia and was first proclaimed in 1027 at a Council of Touluges — a commune of Roussillon — which was presided over by Oliba, bishop of Vic, the first notable patron of the movement.
	peace-and-truce-of-god.area51.ipupdater.com (1164 words)

	The Avalon Project : Decree of the Emperor Henry IV Concerning a Truce of God (1085 A.D.)
		Decree of the Emperor Henry IV Concerning a Truce of God; 1085 A.D. [Doeberl, " Monumenta Germaniae Selecta," Bd.
		In the churches, moreover, and in the cemeteries of the churches, let honour and reverence be paid to God; so that if a robber or thief flee thither he shall not at all be sieved, but shall be besieged there until, induced by hunger, he shall be compelled to surrender.
		Where laymen are decapitated, clerks shall be degraded; where laymen are mutilated, clerks shall be suspended from their positions; and, by the consent of the laity, they shall be afflicted with frequent fasts and flagellations until they shall have atoned.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/medieval/dechenry.htm (918 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for god
		God divinity of the three great monotheistic religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, as well as many other world religions.
		Assemblies of God a large group of churches comprising the second largest Pentecostal organization in the United States, founded at Hot Springs, Ark., in Apr., 1914.
		The ecumenical movement and the transmission of the word of god in Vatican II's Dei Verbum.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=god (661 words)

	MEDIEVAL WOMEN - Scriptorium: Historians of Gaul and of France
		The bishops of whom we have spoken have solemnly confirmed the Truce of God, which has been enjoined upon all Christians, from the setting of the sun of the fourth day of the week, that is to say, Wednesday, until the rising of the sun on Monday, the second day...
		If any one during the Truce shall attempt to seize a man or to carry him off from his château, and does not succeed in his purpose, let him pay a fine to the bishop and to the chapter, just as if he had succeeded.
		It has been ordained also that at all times disputes and suits on the subject of the Peace and Truce of God shall be settled before the bishop and his chapter, and likewise for the peace of the churches which have before been enumerated.
	mw.mcmaster.ca /scriptorium/historiens.html (533 words)

	Truce of God - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Truce of God, church decree dating from the 11th century restricting the pursuit of private warfare.
		It originated in the so-called Peace of God, an...
		In an effort to control and limit social violence, the medieval church in Europe instituted the Truce of God.
	encarta.msn.com /Truce_of_God.html (120 words)

	The Christmas Truce 1914-1915
		Below is the account of the truce in the Sailly - Armentiers sector manned by George Anderson, George Gordon, William Milne, Alexander Pirie and their comrades of 6th Btn, The Gordon Highlanders.
		The truce of God had been called, and the rest of Christmas Day was filled with peace and goodwill.
		Strangest perhaps of all, and most abiding proof of truce, when it was discovered that there were barbers among the enemy, a number of our men were shaved by them in No Man's Land.
	www.kinnethmont.co.uk /1914-1918_files/xmas-truce.htm (1579 words)

	Decrees of Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont, 1095
		The truce of God shall be kept as it was sworn.
		At the same time he provided that all who went there should bear the sign of the cross marked on the garments on their shoulders or on their forehead, whereby they would show the piety and pilgrimage of so great a journey and be impeded by no one.
		A truce of God shall be kept from Septuagesima Sunday to the octaves of Epiphany, and from Septuagesima Sunday to the octaves of Easter, and from the first day day of Rogations to all the octaves of Pentecost, and at all times from Wednesday sundown to Monday sunrise.
	falcon.arts.cornell.edu /prh3/259/texts/clermont.html (1309 words)

	David Wiley
		The Peace of God was mainly a result of the warfare in central and southern France.
		Where the Peace of God attempted to protect specific classes of people and their property, the Truce of God attempted to prohibit fighting and warring on specific days.
		The Truce may have never been taken seriously by the great men of the time, but it continued to be enforced by the less prestigious followers in southern France.
	wwwcsif.cs.ucdavis.edu /~wiley/crusade.htm (1587 words)

	Urban Legends Reference Pages: Holidays (Christmas Truce)
		The spontaneous truce (which included French and Belgian troops in some sectors) was largely over by New Year's Day, however.
		However much the momentary peace of 1914 evidenced the desire of the combatants to live in amity with one another, it was doomed from the start by the realities beyond the trenches.
		A celebration of the human spirit, the Christmas Truce remains a moving manifestation of the absurdities of war.
	www.snopes.com /holidays/christmas/truce.asp (973 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Truce of God - Bishopric of Terouanne, 1063 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Medieval Sourcebook: Truce of God - Bishopric of Terouanne, 1063
		Dearest brothers in the Lord, these are the conditions which you must observe during the time of the peace which is commonly called the truce of God, and which begins with sunset on Wednesday and lasts until sunrise on Monday.
		Otherwise he shall be excommunicated by the Lord God and excluded from all Christian fellowship.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/t-of-god.html (629 words)

	Chapter The Crusades of Popular Delusions by Charles Mackay
		In the year 1041 another attempt was made to soften the angry passions of the semi-barbarous chiefs, and the “Truce of God” was solemnly proclaimed.
		The truce lasted from the Wednesday evening to the Monday morning of every week, in which interval it was strictly forbidden to recur to violence on any pretext, or to seek revenge for any injury.
		The truce was afterwards shortened from the Saturday evening to the Monday morning; but little or no diminution of violence and bloodshed was the consequence.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/1/73/2451/28551/7.html (772 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Volume IV: Mediaeval Christianity. A.D. 590-1073. \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He who punishes a disturber of the Peace of God shall be acquitted of guilt and blessed by all Christians as a champion of the cause of God.”
		The time of the Truce was extended to the whole period from the first of Advent to Epiphany, from Ashwednesday to the close of the Easter week, and from Ascension to the close of the week of Pentecost; also to the various festivals and their vigils.
		The Truce was announced by the ringing of bells.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc4.i.vi.vi.html (666 words)

	November 27: Urban II preaches the first crusade
		At the council, he promoted the concept of a "Truce of God" which would restrain violence at home; and he called for the first crusade.
		God had proven it by uniting them in their cry.
		Since God himself had placed this cry in their hearts, they were to use it as their battle cry.
	chi.gospelcom.net /DAILYF/2001/11/daily-11-27-2001.shtml (711 words)

	Cluny\| Lectures in Medieval History
		The Peace of God was the simple principle that those who did not benefit from feudal warfare should not be harmed by feudal warriors.
		The Truce of God, by the terms of which feudal warfare was not to be pursued on holy days or on Friday through Monday, was less practical and exerted relatively little influence.
		On the other hand, both the Peace and Truce of God established principles that would do much to protect traders and the markets and fairs at which they congregated, and, by so doing, contributed to the revival of commerce and trade of the eleventh and twelfth centuries.
	www.vlib.us /medieval/lectures/cluny.html (1805 words)

	Archbishop of Canterbury learns Easter hope from Sudan
		When he was a Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford he took part in anti-nuclear demonstration, and one of his Lent books, The Truce of God, is about peacemaking in a troubled world.
		They had come through the horrors of war and oppression with the confidence intact that God was always there on the far side or in the depths of what they were enduring.
		God is always there ahead of us, his future already part of the present.
	www.ekklesia.co.uk /content/news_syndication/article_060413abc.shtml (1493 words)

	Medieval Code Of Chivalry Provided A Guide In Uncertain Times
		During the 11th century, the church began laying the grounds for a medieval code of chivalry by first creating programs such as the Peace of God and the Truce of God.
		The Truce of God itself laid out a further piece of the medieval code of chivalry by outlawing battle on Sundays and other holy days.
		These adopts along with the medieval code of chivalry combined to lay the groundwork for more modern rules of war where all attempts are made to spare civilian lives and certain behavior is expected on and off the field from combatants.
	www.medieval-castle-siege-weapons.com /medieval-code-of-chivalry.html (526 words)

	Untitled Document
		The Truce of God (Treuga Dei) became the center of legislative action and aimed, by declaring Thursday through Sunday a days of peace, at restricting controlling feuds and private warfare.
		The Truce led to the emergence of public institutions for the control of violence.
		Cowdrey, H.E.J., "The Peace and the Truce of God in the Eleventh Century", Past and Present, 46 (1970), 42-67; Georges Duby, "The Laity and the Peace of God," The Age of Chivalry, tr.
	www.mille.org /people/rlpages/paxdei.html (2067 words)

	The papacy, religious change and church reform, 1049-1125: The Peace and Truce of God
		What is usually taken to be the first council of the Peace of God movement, that of Charroux, in fact merely issued legislation of a kind already familiar to Carolingian church councils: protection of church property, of the poor, and of the persons of clerics:
		The first such council was held in Catalonia in 1027, and subsequent councils echoed and extended the Truce - culminating in Pope Urban II's council held at Clermont in 1095, which proclaimed a permanent Truce, with no remaining periods in which warfare might be lawful.
		Although the response to the Peace and Truce of God was generally favourable, it was not without its critics.
	www.leedstrinity.ac.uk /histcourse/papacy/comments/cd1com09.htm (516 words)

	Peace of God
		The Peace of God from the Synod of Charroux
		If anyone violates this peace and disobeys these commands of ours, he shall be exiled for thirty years as a penance [2], and before he leaves the bishopric he shall make compensation for the injury which he committed.
		All who associate with him in any way, who give him advice or aid, or hold converse with him, unless it be to advise him to do penance and to leave the bishopric, shall be under excommunication [3]until they have made satisfaction.
	www.thenagain.info /Classes/Sources/GodsPeace.html (789 words)

	truce of God — FactMonster.com
		It prohibited fighting from 9 P.M. Saturday to 3 A.M. Monday, which was soon extended to span Wednesday evening to Monday morning.
		Truce of God - Truce of God In 1040 the Church forbade the barons to make any attack on each other between sunset...
		peace of God - peace of God: see truce of God.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0849516.html (244 words)

	TRUCE OF GOD - Online Information article about TRUCE OF GOD
		TRUCE OF GOD - Online Information article about TRUCE OF GOD
		Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.
		God, but they are distinct in See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /TOO_TUM/TRUCE_OF_GOD.html (590 words)

	The 1914 Christmas Truce presented in History section
		But more was secured than a hare - a sudden friendship had been struck up, the truce of God had been called, and for the rest of Christmas Day not a shot was fired along our section.
		Dotted over the sixty yards separating our trenches were scores and scores of dead soldiers, and soon spades were flung up by comrades on guard in both trenches, and by instinct each side set to dig graves for their dead.
		It was a memorable sight to see officers and men who had been fighting and as I write are fighting against one another as fiercely as ever, bareheaded, reverent, and keeping sacred truce as they did homage to the memory of the dead on Christmas Day, 1914.
	www.newsfinder.org /site/comments/the_1914_christmas_truce (2078 words)

	UMPH - Review: The Truce of God
		Originally written in 1983, The Truce of God was first published as a Lenten book commissioned by then Archbishop of Canterbury Robert Cantuar.
		But what we find in The Truce of God is that the theological convictions on which his social commitments are based are quite orthodox and in keeping with the church’s most traditional affirmations and creeds.
		For example, his commitment to the Christian vocation of peace-making is based on his understanding of the Eucharist as the meal of peace that unites the disciples of Christ across all racial, cultural, and national boundaries.
	www.umph.org /resources/publications/review.asp?review_id=158 (891 words)

	Truce of God (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The TRUCE OF GOD came to Normandy in 1042 and was more or less observed in various parts of Europe through the Tenth, Eleventh, and Twelfth Centuries.
		We in Aquitaine are a little more civilized in that we subscribe both to the PEACE OF GOD and the TRUCE OF GOD (according to Roland H. Bainton writing in The Medieval Church).
		The PEACE OF GOD applies mostly to classes of people and seeks to increase the number of non-combatants.
	plaza.ufl.edu /jacarey/truce.htm (491 words)

	Militia and Malitia
		Contrary to any hypothesis which might confine the ideas of peace to the cloisters, the sources reveal that since the middle of the eleventh century such a dichotomic approach to chivalry had largely been spread by public opinion.
		While the movement of the Peace and Truce of God did not bring about the abolition of wars and violence, it did succeed in implanting in Western society opprobrious feelings against gangs of warriors, condemned as dis–turbers of the public peace and as enemies of the social order.
		Suger described him as a prototype of a tyrant, "a scoundrel and enemy of God and mankind".
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/articles/grabois.htm (2597 words)

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