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Topic: Trucial States

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	datadubai.com - History of the Gulf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Because the Trucial States were considered to be merely of strategic importance for the route to India, the British did not involve themselves in their internal affairs.
		The Trucial States, as part of the Arab world, were influenced by the general awakening which demanded independence and internal reform.
		This strong desire for change in the Trucial States was shown by the enthusiastic interest in modern education by shaikhs, parents and students.
	www.datadubai.com /history2.htm (2729 words)

	datadubai.com - History of the Gulf
		The Trucial States are unique in history in that they expressed a reluctance at the prospect of Britain leaving the region.
		The rulers of all nine states came to Dubai for a constitutional conference at Abu Dhabi and Dubai's invitation.
		When the proclamation of a new state was made on 2nd December 1971, the great hope was expressed "that this federation will form the nucleus of a complete federation which will include the remaining members of the brotherly family of emirates".
	www.datadubai.com /25years.htm (1039 words)

	United Arab Emirates Law & Government - LawResearch
		The state was created in 1971, a federation between seven emirates, formerly known as the Trucial States, which, for the previous one hundred and fifty years, had been in treaty relations with the British.
		This was reaffirmed in Article 122, which stated that 'the Emirates shall have jurisdiction in all matters not assigned to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Federation, in accordance with the provision of the preceding two Articles'.
		As with other relatively young states, new institutions that were created for the first time, have derived their legitimacy and status from the extent of their activities and achievements, and from acknowledgement and appreciation of their role by the people.
	www.justlawlinks.com /GLOBAL/global/zae.htm (2572 words)

	United Arab Emirates - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The United Arab Emirates (also the UAE or the Emirates) is a Middle Eastern country situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia on the Persian Gulf, comprising seven emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajmān, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm al-Quwain.
		The seven Trucial Sheikdom States of the Arabian Gulf coast granted the United Kingdom control of their defence and foreign affairs in nineteenth-century treaties.
		The United States Department of State has cited widespread instances of blue collar labor abuse in the general context of the United Arab Emirates [1].
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/UAE (2283 words)

	Persian Gulf States - United Arab Emirates - Regional and National Security Considerations
		In data published by the Department of State in mid-1991, the total strength of the UDF with responsibility for defense of six of the seven amirates was estimated at 60,000.
		The Department of State estimated that there were 1,800 in the UDF air force and 1,000 in the navy.
		In 1991 the United States agreed to the sale of twenty Apache attack helicopters after the administration overcame objections in Congress by pointing out that the helicopters were needed to defend the UAE's oil platforms in the gulf and to enable the UAE to contribute more effectively to the deterrence of aggression by Iraq.
	countrystudies.us /persian-gulf-states/101.htm (2173 words)

	United Arab Emirates - Arab Relationship and World Affaires (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Prior to independence, the UAE was Trucial Oman, also known as the Trucial States, and the component sheikhdoms of the territory were under British protection.
		In 1952 a local body, the Trucial Council, comprising the rulers of the seven sheikhdoms, was established.
		The United Arab Emirates was a founder member of the Co-operation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (generally known as the Gulf Co-operation Council-GCC) in May 1981.
	hometown.aol.com /arabinfo7/uaehis.htm (1145 words)

	United Arab Emirates. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The states that comprise the UAE were formerly known as the Trucial States, Trucial Coast, or Trucial Oman.
		The term trucial refers to the fact that the sheikhs ruling the seven constituent states were bound by truces concluded with Great Britain in 1820 and by an agreement made in 1892 accepting British protection.
		See D. Hawley, The Trucial States (1971); E. Mallakh, The Economic Development of the United Arab Emirates (1981); M. Peck, The United Arab Emirates (1986); A. Taryam, The Establishment of the United Arab Emirates (1987).
	www.bartleby.com /65/un/UntdAE.html (725 words)

	United Arab Emirates - MSN Encarta
		The most significant results of British domination of the area were the establishment of general peace, the introduction of the Western concept of territorial states, and the creation in 1952 of the Trucial States Council to promote cooperation among the seven emirates.
		In 1968 the British announced plans to withdraw before the end of 1971, and the Trucial States, Bahrain, and Qatar announced plans to federate.
		The UAE has also been a force for moderation in the politically turbulent Middle East, cooperating closely with the United States and its allies to defeat aggression by Iraq in the 1991 Persian Gulf War.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761560366_7/United_Arab_Emirates.html (710 words)

	Emirati Forces
		At the time of independence and federation, the Trucial Oman Scouts became the nucleus of the Union Defense Force (UDF), responsible to the federal minister of defense, the Supreme Council of the Union, and--ultimately--to the president of the federation, Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayed al Nahyan, ruler of Abu Dhabi.
		A defense pact with the United States, agreed to after the 1991 Gulf War and signed in 1996, allows the United States to preposition some troops and equipment in the UAE and affords it some rights to use air bases in the emirates.
		UAE officials, who meet regularly with their counterparts in the U.S. Departments of State and Defense, are concerned about the deteriorating situation in Iraq, as well as the threat of further U.S. military action in the region, particularly against Iran, and the impact such an action would have on the UAE’s unpopular pro-Western stance.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/gulf/uae-mil.htm (1143 words)

	United Arab Emirates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Before 1971 they were known as the Trucial States in reference of a nineteenth-century truce the British and some Arab sheikhs.
		The Trucial States of the Persian Gulf coast granted the United Kingdom control of their defense and foreign in nineteenth-century treaties.
		The UAE is considered be one of the fifteen states that the so-called " Cradle of Humanity "
	www.freeglossary.com /Trucial_States (680 words)

	History of Urban Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		At the time of the British arrival, Dubai was all but a small fishing village in which the Maktoum family, still present-day leaders of the U.A.E., led a division of the Bani Yas tribe ("History of Dubai").
		By the late 1870's the idyllic harbor of Dubai, formed by the meeting of the Arabian Gulf and Dubai Creek, was often said to be the principal port on the Arabian Gulf and reportedly had the largest souks, or markets, in Arabia by the turn of the 20th century ("History of Dubai").
		Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, Ruler of the city of Abu Dhabi, and Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed al Maktoum, ruler of the city of Dubai, led the movement in forming a united federation among the Trucial States (Sheikh Mohammed).
	www.acsu.buffalo.edu /~mt52/history.html (499 words)

	Encyclopaedia of Postal History: Abu Dhabi
		The Trucial States as a whole had an area of some 32,000 square miles of which Abu Dhabi alone had 26,000.
		The name Trucial States arose from treaties made with Great Britain in 1820 which ensured a condition of truce in the area and the suppression of piracy and slavery.
		On 30 March 1963, a British agency was opened in Abu Dhabi and issued the agency stamps after the sheik objected to the use of the Trucial States definitives.
	www.jl.sl.btinternet.co.uk /stampsite/alpha/a/abudhabi.html (556 words)

	Trucial States Council until 1971 (United Arab Emirates) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Trucial States Council until 1971 (United Arab Emirates)
		This was the official flag of the Trucial States Council, and not a proposal.
		According to Pedersen 1971, page 63, the seven Sheiks of the Trucial States formed a Council and this was the unofficial flag of that Council.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/ae_tsc.html (234 words)

	Book Review: From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates
		The Arab states of the Gulf have been the scene over the past three decades of some astonishingly large and rapid development—and nowhere more so than in the United Arab Emirates.
		The U.A.E. did not even exist as a nation-state until as recently as 1971, and it was one of the last two Gulf countries in which oil was found in sufficient quantities to make this development possible.
		Heard-Bey seeks to answer this question, and—having set the scene with skillfully selected vignettes of history and graphic descriptions of the ways people lived and worked—she tells us of the problems which faced the leaders of the former Trucial States and the ways in which they surmounted them.
	www.washington-report.org /backissues/020783/830207007.html (840 words)

	Bahrain Embassy to the United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Majesties and Highnesses, the leaders of the United Arab Emirates, Kingdom of Bahrain (then the State of Bahrain), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Sultanate of Oman, State of Qatar and State of Kuwait met in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
		They reached a cooperative framework joining the six states to effect coordination, integration and inter-connection among the Member States in all fields in order to achieve unity, links and areas of cooperation among their citizens.
		The underpinnings which are clearly provided for in the preamble of the GCC Charter confirm the special relations, common qualities and similar systems founded on the creed of Islam, faith in a common destiny and sharing one goal, and that the cooperation among these states would serve the sublime objectives of the Arab nation.
	www.bahrainembassy.org /historicaltimeline.html (1108 words)

	United Arab Emirates...HISTORY - Sean Hannity Discussion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Two of the Trucial states, Bahrain and Oman, chose not to join the federation, reducing the number of states to seven.
		Because the UAE was a relatively small state, its leaders recognized that defending the country's security from both internal and external threats depended on skillful management of diplomatic relations with other countries, particularly larger and more powerful neighbors such as Iran, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia.
		The negotiations with the United States may have been a factor in the UAE's 1992 problems with Iran, a country that opposed a continuing United States military presence in the region.
	www.hannity.com /forum/showthread.php?t=56283 (1395 words)

	Father of Dubai
		There was an intrinsic understanding in his arguments that the economic future of the Trucial States was far better run by the people concerned, than dictated by a general policy set in London.
		Late in 1964 the Arab League was envisaging a Trucial States Council, supported financially by Iran, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia as part of an Arab Fund, officiated from Sharjah and largely administered by the Arab League itself.
		The records of the nineteenth meeting of the council, on June 23, 1964, indicate that its chairman, the Political Agent, was at a loss to explain the lack of cooperation between the seven member states, even to the point of speaking on the matter during his opening remarks.
	www.sheikhmohammed.co.ae /english/dubai/fatherofDubai_road1.asp (2373 words)

	Kuwait (11/06)
		The United States opened a consulate in Kuwait in October 1951, which was elevated to embassy status at the time of Kuwait's independence 10 years later.
		Strategic cooperation between the United States and Kuwait increased in 1987 with the implementation of a maritime protection regime that ensured the freedom of navigation through the Gulf for 11 Kuwaiti tankers that were reflagged with U.S. markings.
		U.S. citizens who are long-term visitors or traveling in dangerous areas are encouraged to register their travel via the State Department’s travel registration web site at https://travelregistration.state.gov or at the Consular section of the U.S. embassy upon arrival in a country by filling out a short form and sending in a copy of their passports.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/35876.htm (4811 words)

	Oil Concessions iin Five Arab States 1911-1953: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Trucial States and Oman, ARCHIVE EDITIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This relationship between Ruler and 'ruled' was to change with the onset of oil wealth for the generation of the Ruler's income was no longer dependent on the economic activity of the local population.
		The territory of Kuwait had been explicitly excluded from the area by the 1928 Red Line Agreement and thus the Gulf Oil Corporation of the United States was able to hang on to the option it had acquired from the Eastern and General Syndicate in the mid-1920s.
		However, because the authority of the Ruler of the hinterland areas of the Trucial Coast and Muscat was so evidently weak and disputed, it became almost impossible to define precisely the territorial extent of each concession.
	www.archiveeditions.co.uk /Leafcopy/210-5.htm (3242 words)

	British Empire: The Map Room: Middle East: Trucial Oman
		It is unclear how serious these intentions would have been followed through but for the British their links to India were to be maintained at all costs and the Trucial rulers were to be no exception to this rule.
		The Trucial sheikhdoms were prepared to enter a federation with Abu Dhabi and Dubai (in that order) as having the heaviest political weighting, representation and most importantly of all for the smaller sheikhdoms, the heaviest financial obligations.
		The map of Trucial Oman was a constantly fluctuating one with ill-defined borders, shifting allegiances and with little geographical knowledge of the interior.
	www.britishempire.co.uk /maproom/trucialoman.htm (1624 words)

	The New Gulf States: Where Politics and Religion Meet
		For centuries the region now known as the Gulf states has been the scene of almost constant and chaotic warfare, changing boundaries, feuding nomadic groups, and intense rivalries.
		For that reason the sheikdoms were known as the "Trucial states", a title they retained until the 1960s.
		During the second half of the twentieth century, mainly because of the end of strong imperial ties to the region, Gulf state leaders restored the importance of Islamic religion and laws.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/international_trade_politics/69595 (494 words)

	United Arab Emirates
		Washington, DC Background: The Trucial States of the Persian Gulf coast granted the UK control of their defense and foreign affairs in 19th century treaties.
		The UAE obtained its independence as part of the Trucial Sheikhdom from the U.K. on December 2, 1971.
		The UAE is a key partner of the United States in the War on Terror, helping to advance Middle East peace efforts.
	www.state.gov /t/pm/64787.htm (492 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Stamp Out Deficits! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Since they first started issuing their own postage stamps in 1963 and 1964, the seven Trucial States have attracted the attention and enthusiasm of stamp collectors around the world—and I do mean around the world.
		There was a time when these seven seafaring states tucked into that upsweep of the Arabian Peninsula known as the Trucial Coast paid their way with piracy.
		The fact that the Trucial States are in Arabia doesn't prevent them from adopting themes as far removed from the Arabian Gulf as—well, the moon, to cite just one example.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/197006/stamp.out.deficits..htm (899 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : From Pirate Coast To Trucial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A great spur of mountain juts into the waters of the southern Arabian/Persian Gulf behind Ras al-Khaimah ("Headland of the Tent"), a tiny coastal oasis with a shallow inlet where the pirates often sheltered their fleets.
		Then, in January 1820, a British-imposed peace came to the southern Gulf and with the strokes of six pens the "pirate" coast became the "trucial" coast.
		British navigation and trade were continually harassed by the local pirate chiefs, and several attempts were made to subdue them.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/197306/from.pirate.coast.to.trucial.htm (692 words)

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