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	Turkey - True Path Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In January 1995, the True Path Party (Dogru Yol Partisi--DYP) was the senior partner in Turkey's coalition government.
		The True Path Party's rise from political pariah to ruling party was gradual.
		The party's performance four years later was even more impressive: the True Path Party tripled its representation to 178 seats and emerged from the 1991 elections with a plurality in the assembly.
	countrystudies.us /turkey/80.htm (556 words)

	Turkey - GOVERNMENT
		However, political parties must act according to the principles of the constitution and may be dissolved by the Constitutional Court if that body determines that their activities "conflict with the indivisible integrity of the state." Political parties may not have ties with any association, union, or professional organization.
		Political parties are prohibited from criticizing the military intervention of September 1980 or the actions or decisions of the NSC.
		Whereas the True Path Party emerged from the elections with the largest number of votes and the greatest number of assembly seats, its overall performance--27 percent of the total vote and 178 assembly seats--was less impressive than Demirel had hoped and insufficient to give the party the 226 seats needed for parliamentary control.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/turkey/GOVERNMENT.html (17865 words)

	AllRefer.com - 1UpInfo > Turkey > Politics and the Return to Civilian Rule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Parties were invited to form so as to contest parliamentary elections later in the year but were require d to receive approval from the military rulers.
		The Motherland Party came to be viewed by the electorate as the most distant from the military, and its success in the first postcoup election may be largely attributed to this perception.
		The leader of the True Path Party denounced the late changes to the election law and dubbed the new government the "election-law government." None of the other parties competing reached t he required 10 percent threshold; Ecevit's DSP received 8.5 percent of the vote, while Erbakan's Welfare Party received less than 7 percent.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/turkey/turkey27.html (2304 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		To participate in the distribution of seats, a party must obtain at least 10% of the votes cast at the national level as well as a percentage of votes in the contested district according to a complex formula.
		New political parties were allowed to form in 1983 as long as founding members were not leaders or members of parliament attached to any pre- 1980 political parties.
		The latter two parties represent the secular Turkish mainstream, but as a result of animosity between their two leaders, they were unable to successfully forge a lasting coalition that would have precluded a RP role in government; the ANAP-DYP coalition lasted only a few months.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /erc/bgnotes/eur/turkey9902.html (5369 words)

	Turkey’s Latest Political Crisis: Why Ecevit was a Logical Choice, The Estimate, December 4, 1998
		In 1991, however, he took over as Party Chairman of ANAP, and became Prime Minister in June, but in October of that year he lost the election to the True Path Party of Süleyman Demirel, who soon succeeded Özal as President and was succeeded by Çiller as Prime Minister.
		True Path Party leader Tansu Çiller, born in Istanbul in 1946, was the first woman to lead Turkey, a male-dominated society (Mustafa Kemal took the name Atatürk, “father Turk”, after all and however secular the society remains rather patriarchal), who served as Prime Minister in 1993-1995 and in brief interim capacities since.
		As head of a leftwing party, he is nonetheless something of a kingmaker for the two big rightwing parties at the moment.
	www.theestimate.com /public/120498.html (2672 words)

	True Path Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The True Path Party (Turkish: Doğru Yol Partisi or DYP) is a right-wing, secularist conservative Turkish political party, established by Suleyman Demirel in 1983.
		The DYP's predecessor was the Democrat Party (DP), which was a conservative and moderate Islamist party responsible for relaxing Turkey's strict secularism laws.
		The party was closed down in the 1960 military intervention and later reopened as the Justice Party (AP), which was disbanded in coup of 1980.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/True_Path_Party (567 words)

	Turkey's Islamist Challenge - Middle East Quarterly
		The declining strength of the mainstream parties, especially those on the center-right, is the best indicator of the electorate's dissatisfaction with the parties' perceived failure to resolve the country's pressing social and economic problems.
		Proponents of this view argue that the Islamists should be excluded from the coalitions formed by the centrist parties in the same way the Italian Communist Party was excluded from participating in governments throughout the cold war, despite its strong electoral support due to its anti-system characteristics.
		The party's concern with human rights reduces to an almost exclusive interest in the right of "believers" to practice their religion, study it in schools, and form organizations to advance the cause of their beliefs.
	www.meforum.org /article/314 (4066 words)

	USATODAY.com - Islam-rooted party victorious in Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Justice and Development Party won a parliamentary majority in Sunday's elections — the first time in 15 years that any party has been in a position to govern alone — largely due to voter fury over a devastated economy.
		Erdogan leads the party, but has been banned from standing as a candidate because of a jail sentence he served in 1999 for publicly reading a poem that a court deemed anti-secular.
		The Justice party appeared to be just short of the two-thirds parliamentary majority needed to change the constitution to allow Erdogan to become premier.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2002-11-03-turkey-elections_x.htm (850 words)

	Tansu Çiller and Necmettin Erbakan - All About Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Today she is not the leader of DYP anymore (Mehmet Agar is the new leader), and stayed out of the Parliament because of 10% threshold during last elections in 2002.
		Erbakan's Welfare Party was outlawed in 1997 after a long campaign leaded by the Turkish military and forces and most of the self-conscious people afraid of a disintegration of the country with a possible Islamization, and the chances of an escalation of the conflict with Kurdish nationalists.
		Welfare Party (RP) changed its name into Wisdom Party (FP), with its leader Recai Kutan, but its members say that this is not a continuation of RP but a new party called FP.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /politikaci1.htm (665 words)

	Turkish Parliament Approves New Coalition Government
		Ciller exhorted members of her True Path party to follow her into a coalition that most political observers regard as bizarre, even by recent Turkish standards.
		But the Welfare Party's continued electoral success -- reconfirmed in recent municipal by-elections -- could not be ignored, even though its opponents continue to stress that its followers still only represent a minority, less than 25 percent of the population.
		Letting the Welfare Party into government was a test for the Turkish military in particular, which three times in the last 30 years has intervened in politics in its role as protector of the secular republic.
	ppd.fnal.gov /experiments/e769/ny.html (688 words)

	[No title]
		The Motherland Party (ANAP) led by Mesut Yilmaz got 19.66 percent of the vote to capture 132 seats, while Prime Minister Tansu Ciller's True Path Party (DYP) collected 19.2 percent and 135 seats, slightly more than those of ANAP although it ranked third in the voting.
		Dismissing as campaign rhetoric the verbal duel with the mainstream secular parties, which included frequent attacks on the center right and left as tools of the West, the RP leader who has been advocating a religion-based state and a closer integration with the Islamic world called for tolerance and conciliation.
		The Welfare Party had no chance of coming to power and there is the possibility that the election may be repeated, MEGA said.
	www.b-info.com /places/Turkey/news/95-12/dec26.tdn (2509 words)

	Erbakan
		His Welfare (Refah) Party had won the most votes in the legislative elections held in December 1995, taking 158 of the 550 seats and thereby becoming the first Islamic party ever to win a general election in Turkey.
		His third attempt to form a political party was more successful, and the Welfare Party became especially well organized on the local level, where it opposed what many saw as the arrogant corruption of the leaders of the established parties.
		The True Path Party, however, controlled not only Foreign Affairs but also such ministries as Defense and Interior and thus strengthened its hand, and that of the military, in the conduct of foreign policy.
	www.naqshbandi.org /ottomans/modern/erbakan.htm (488 words)

	Asia Times
		The only other party to clear the 10 percent needed to enter parliament was the social democrat People's Republican Party, which just missed the barrier in previous elections in 1999.
		The party, called at times Muslim Democrats to match it with the Christian Democrats of Europe, campaigned with promises of good governance in a country often jolted by corruption scandals.
		The ruling party has a majority that is close to the numbers required to change the constitution.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Middle_East/DK06Ak03.html (980 words)

	Fazilet (Virtue), Though the Country’s Largest Party, Is Ignored in Formation of Turkey’s 56th Government
		After a round of talks with several other political parties (with the exception of Fazilet), Ecevit, who was the deputy prime minister in the ousted government, realized that he could not obtain the necessary support.
		While claiming to be a “true” democrat and a “tolerant” person, Ecevit openly expressed his dislike for the largest political party in Parliament.
		Regardless of the manuevers to keep the Fazilet (Virtue) Party outside the cabinet, all independent surveys indicate it will continue to be the largest party in Parliament after the upcoming general elections on April 18.
	www.wrmea.com /backissues/0399/9903031.html (1373 words)

	EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight - Party Jockeying Obscures Stakes in Turkish Elections
		Parties in Ankara are channeling their energies into preventing nationally known politicians from running, in light of a law that requires a party to win 10 percent of a vote to gain seats in Parliament.
		The parties are targeting each other rather than appealing to voters because they are vying in a fragmented field — and because procedural challenges to opponents have lately proved effective.
		Parties that do not make it into the new parliament may perpetuate a focus on politics rather than on policy.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/insight/articles/eav100102.shtml (1102 words)

	CHP party of old regime/
		After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democratic Party and the peaceful transfer of power.
		Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and intermittent military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of political power to civilians.
		One of the successors of this party is the moderate islamic reformist Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi (Justice and Development Party, AKP) of Reçep Tayyıp Erdogan.
	homepages.udayton.edu /~aherndaw/turkpartys.htm (1254 words)

	THE RISE OF THE ISLAMIST MOVEMENT IN TURKEY
		Consequently, Erbakan was banned from politics and the Welfare Party was outlawed in January 1998 by the Constitutional Court on the grounds that it violated the principles of secularism and the law of the political parties.
		A new party, the Virtue Party (FP), was founded by 33 former RP deputies under the leadership of Recai Kutan on December 17, 1997.
		Their resignation was interpreted as a move to form a new party given the fact that the Constitutional Court opened a closure case against the Virtue Party after the April 18, 1999 elections on the charges that the party was carrying out anti-secular activities and was the sucessor of the RP.
	www.biu.ac.il /SOC/besa/meria/journal/1999/issue3/jv3n3a4.html (5606 words)

	nta Daily Review of Turkish Media - December 23, 1998
		DYP (True Path Party) leader Tansu Çiller insisted on the prime minister being a party leader and herself to be appointed to form the new government.
		In this letter, President Demirel, was explaining explicitly in which conditions REFAHYOL (a coalition government which had been formed by RP/ Welfare Party and DYP/True Path Party –nta) had fallen, was describing the crisis in the country and was giving the new Prime Minister a duty: "To ensure the normalization of the country".
		Today, there are rumors that, like in the RP (Welfare Party) case, a suit will be brought against another party for the reason of becoming a ‘focus’ (‘focus’ of the gangs and the shootings) with the aim of closing down this party.
	www.snapshield.com /www_problems/Turkey/Wiretapping_scandal.htm (2871 words)

	Turkey (10/99)
		Prior to the deadline for participation in the 1983 national elections, three political parties--the Nationalist Democracy Party, the Motherland Party and the Populist Party--were authorized.
		In the March 1994 local elections, the Islamist Welfare Party (RP) emerged as the big winner, capturing the offices of mayor of Ankara and Istanbul and most municipalities in Turkey's southeast, even though the DYP got the largest percentage of the vote.
		Together with center-right Motherland Party (ANAP), the three parties forged a coalition with a strong majority of approximately 360 of the 550 seats in Parliament.
	www.state.gov /outofdate/bgn/t/13706.htm (4425 words)

	TURKEY: parliamentary elections Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi (T.B.M.M), 1995
		Twelve different parties fielded candidates in the campaign which opened in early December; all were secular groups except the pro-Islamic Welfare Party (RP or "Refah") led by Mr.
		On polling day, the fundamentalist Welfare Party emerged with a plurality (but far short of an absolute majority) of the enlarged Assembly's 550 seats (up from 450), thus becoming the first Moslem overall winner in the 72 years since a republic was established.
		Analysts attributed this outcome to a massive protest vote against the traditional parties, especially the DYP held responsible for the serious economic situation, as well as to the splintering of the lay camp as a whole.
	www.ipu.org /parline-e/reports/arc/2323_95.htm (508 words)

	Remarks by Ambassador Ross Wilson at a meeting with True Path Party (DYP) Chairman Mehmet Agar, DYP Headquarters, ...
		It is a pleasure to be here this morning, to have an opportunity to visit the headquarters of the True Path Party and to talk with you, Chairman Agar.
		I look forward to an opportunity to learn a little bit more about the current views of the True Path Party on the political issues before us – to learn about the ideas and the platform that you will be taking as Turkey heads towards elections, which should take place by November 2007.
		And we have called on all of the parties to continue to support that process and to come forward with their own ideas on how to move it forward.
	ankara.usembassy.gov /amb_021006.html (895 words)

	Will a liberal Kurdish Party in Turkey succeed? (KurdishMedia.com) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 1997, Serafattin Elci, founded the People’s Mass party, DKP (Demokratik Kitle Partisi).[1] Elci was a former Member of Parliament and the Construction Minister in Bulent Ecevit’s government of 1977-78.
		Kurdistan was underdeveloped so it was easier for the leftist parties to attract the Kurdish support, especially the educated Kurds.
		In fact, five months after the party was founded the Turkish State Court took action to close down the party and it was finally banned in 1999.
	www.kurdmedia.com /articles.asp?id=7772 (944 words)

	Key events of the year 2002 - Turkish Press
		Mehmet Agar was elected as the new leader of the True Path Party (DYP).
		Ali Talip Ozdemir announced that he would run for candidacy during the extraordinary congress of the Motherland Party (ANAP) to be held between January 11 and 12, 2003.
		Necip Hablemitoglu from the Ankara University who was assassinated in an armed attack in front of his house in Cankaya district of Ankara, was laid to rest.
	www.turkishpress.com /specials/2002/yr/12december.asp (341 words)

	washingtonpost.com: With Virtue Banned, Will Happiness Triumph? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This, after all, is the home of the Motherland Party, True Path Party, Rebirth Party and Democracy and Peace Party.
		Meanwhile, back at the contest to name Turkey's newest political party, Ertan Yulek, deputy chairman of the banned Virtue Party and a leader in the effort to create a spinoff, contemplated the choice of a new political handle.
		In Turkey, political parties rise and fall at the drop of court decisions, political coups and personal whims.
	www.library.cornell.edu /colldev/mideast/fazilat.htm (804 words)

	Turkey: Secular fanatics fight the tide of history
		Turkey's secular constitution, repeatedly tinkered with by the military, bans the mixing of religion and politics and the country's establishment has repeatedly acted to thwart the Turkish people's natural desire for their country to be run along Islamic lines.
		The banned Refah Party is the largest single party in parliament, and Erbakan was prime minister from December 1995 until June last year, as head of a coalition government with the True Path Party.
		A new Party under which Refah activists may organize has already been formed, under the name Fusillade (Virtue), but it is unclear that this is how Refah members will choose to proceed.
	www.muslimedia.com /ARCHIVES/world98/refahban.htm (1189 words)

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