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Topic: Truss arch bridge

	Truss arch bridge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A truss arch bridge combines elements of a truss and an arch.
		In the Iron Bridge shown in the box to the right, the structure of each frame emulates the kind of structure that previously had been made of wood.
		Navajo Bridge An older (1929) and newer (1995) bridge of the same general construction, each built as unsupported cantilevers joined with a central pin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Truss_arch_bridge (272 words)

	Arch bridge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An arch bridge (sometimes deck arch bridge to distinguish it from a through arch bridge) is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch.
		Masonry arch bridges use a quantity of fill (typically compacted rubble) above the arch in order to increase this dead-weight on the bridge and prevent tension from occurring in the arch ring as loads move across the bridge.
		Once the basic arch is constructed the arches are stabilized with infill masonry between the arches, which may be laid in horizontal running bond courses, These may form two walls, which are then infilled with loose material and rubble.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arch_bridge (855 words)

	New Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The latter truss was the longest wooden span in Vermont.
		Bridges were "covered" to protect the wooden trusses—the large wooden members that support the bridge and the load it carries—from the elements, thus prolonging the bridge’s life.
		Arch bridges were constructed of stone as early as Roman times, and later the concept was adapted to wood, concrete and metal.
	www.southernvermont.com /content/historicbridges (2445 words)

	The Burr Truss
		Two kinds of bridges were in common use, the lattice truss and the trussed arch, of which there were as many varieties as there were builders.
		This action was not well understood by American bridge builders, who tended to think of the truss and arch as separate load-bearing structures that acted in concert, each component assuming its part of the load.
		It was impossible to make the arch and the truss work together to share the load equally, so unless each of the two elements was alone capable of supporting the load, the bridge was subject to collapse, and many did so.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/tech/burr.htm (2080 words)

	Bridge Basics - A Spotter's Guide to Bridge Design (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		A true arch bridge relies on vertical members to transmit the load which is carried by the arch.
		While a typical arch bridge passes its load to bearings at its abutment; a tied arch resists spreading (drift) at its bearings by using the deck as a tie piece.
		His truss design, patented in 1817, is not a true arch as it relies on the interaction of the arch segments with the truss members to carry the load.
	pghbridges.com /basics.htm (2337 words)

	Essays Page
		The inherent strength of triangulated trusses was used to good effect in the construction of the roofs of medieval churches, and the lessons learned in building them were applied to the construction of bridges.
		Its forests were the source of vast resources of lumber, the prime material used for truss bridges, and it had a skilled population of carpenters, many of whom had learned their skills in shipyards.
		Bridge designers still had to contend with the fact that wood, the primary material used for bridges of this sort, was weak in tension, a situation made worse by the presence of many bolted-together joints.
	www.fofweb.com /Subscription/Science/Helicon.asp?SID=2&iPin=ffests0129 (1107 words)

	National Register Listings in Maryland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The bridge embodies the distinctive characteristics of the bowstring arch truss in its two tubular steel arches which stretch between the abutments in a single span.
		The King Iron Bridge and Manufacturing Company introduced numerous innovations in the truss design, notably the rectangular cross section of the steel tubing forming the arches; this feature was patented in 1861 by the company's founder, Zenas King, and is employed in the Westernport bridge.
		The bowstring arch truss was one of numerous designs for metal bridges developed during the second half of the 19th century; this design was most suitable for short spans and low traffic volume, as reflected in the location and use of the Westernport bridge.
	www.marylandhistoricaltrust.net /nr/NRDetail.asp?HDID=827&FROM=NRMapAG.html (347 words)

	Bridge Types - Arch
		Arches are good choices for crossing valleys and rivers since the arch doesn't require piers in the center.
		Like the truss, the roadway may pass over (illustration #1) or through an arch (illustration #4) or in some cases both (illustration #3.) Structurally there are four basic arch types: hinge-less, two-hinged, three hinged and tied arches.
		The tied arch (illustration #4) is a variation on the arch which allows construction even if the ground is not solid enough to deal with the horizontal forces.
	www.matsuo-bridge.co.jp /english/bridges/basics/arch.shtm (403 words)

	AllRefer.com - bridge, structure : Modern Bridge Designs : Truss, Arch, and Cantilever Bridges (Technology: Terms And ...
		There are six basic modern bridge forms: the beam, the truss, the arch, the cantilever, the cable-stay, and the suspension.
		An arch bridge has a bowed shape causing the vertical force of the weight it carries to produce a horizontal outward force at its ends.
		A cantilever bridge is formed by self-supporting arms anchored at and projecting toward one another from the ends; they meet in the middle of the span where they are connected together or support a third member.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/bridge-riv-modern-bridge-designs.html (525 words)

	Memorial Bridge
		The Connecticut River was first bridged at Springfield in 1805, by an open wooden bridge said to have been "mongrel in style." This collapsed in 1814 and was replaced by a covered wooden Burr arch-truss bridge built by Isaac Damon of Northampton.
		Partly rebuilt after a spring freshet in 1818, Damon's bridge survived into the 20th century, and was the structure which the present concrete arch bridge was built to replace.
		In 1915, the Hampden County Commissioners opened hearings to discuss construction of a new bridge, but it wasn't until the winter of 1918/19 that the location and overall design of the present concrete arch bridge were finally agreed upon.
	www.mhd.state.ma.us /?pgid=bridge/memorial&sid=bridgeData (555 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / SAVE OUR SPAN!
		Historically, these truss bridges were made to be moved, so it’s still in keeping with their historic nature to move them.” Henszey’s Bridge couldn’t be kept where it was, because it was too frail to carry modern traffic, so it had to be either relocated or scrapped.
		Henszey’s is one of the earliest all-wrought-iron bridges.
		Bridges are the single most visible examples of the engineer’s art, and while no one thinks every historic bridge can or should be saved, it would be a terrible loss if we ran out of all the most significant and representative ones.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/it/2005/1/2005_1_30.shtml (3192 words)

	Freeport Bowstring Arch Bridge
		The Freeport Bridge was constructed in 1879 and measures 156 feet in length.
		It is one of four "bowstring arch" bridges in Winneshiek County, and is the second longest existing in the country.
		On the Freeport Bridge are the words: Wrought Iron Bridge Co., builders, Canton, Ohio.
	www.silosandsmokestacks.org /resources/FieldTripGuide/Winneshiek/freeport_bowstring_arch_bridge.htm (383 words)

	New York State Covered Bridges - Blenheim Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The center truss is higher than the two outside ones, and in this center truss he enclosed a single arch of oak which reaches from below the lower chord on up to the ridgepole at the peak of the roof.
		The covered portion of the bridge is 232 feet long, the trusses 228 feet and the clear span of 210 feet between abutments.
		As part of the construction, a barrier was placed on the south side of the bridge to protect visitors on the bridge from falling from the pier.
	www.coveredbridgesite.com /ny/blen.html (282 words)

	Techtronics: Bridge Building Unit
		Truss Bridge: Build gumdrop and toothpick bridge (from trusses station) and place across two stacks of books.
		For this reason, arch bridges must be made of materials that are strong under compression, like concrete.
		Allow students to compare strengths by squeezing the trusses with their hands, or test the load capacity of the trusses by holding it by the ends and attaching a spring scale.
	www.k-phd.duke.edu /techtronics/lessons/bridge_building/bridge_centers.htm (938 words)

	National Register of Historic Places - Stone Arch Bridge (in the St. Anthony Falls Historic District)
		It is the oldest mainline railroad bridge in the Northwest and the only stone arch bridge across the Mississippi.
		The Stone Arch Bridge resulted from a partnership between the City of Minneapolis and railroad magnate James J. Hill to bring passenger traffic from St. Paul directly into the cityâs downtown business district.
		In 1962 two arches were removed and a steel truss bridge inserted into the curve to accommodate commercial barges.
	nrhp.mnhs.org /property_overview.cfm?propertyID=79 (268 words)

	Bridges 2005: Stone Arch Bridge
		This, along with land ownership complications, required that the bridge be aligned in the sweeping curve which gives it such visual drama, with the upstream section running parallel to the river to create a straight entry to the Union Depot.
		The 2,100-foot-long bridge was originally comprised of twenty-three limestone arches, each spanning between 40 and 100 feet and supported by granite piers and abutments.
		From the middle of the bridge, a viewer can see the expanse of the Falls and imagine what the district must have been like in the days when it was packed with flour and lumber mills and crowded with industrial laborers.
	www.mrdbridges.com /stoneArch.php (577 words)

	Arch Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Arches are a curved structure with a high resistance to bending forces.
		As opposed to girder and truss bridges, both ends of an arch are fixed in the horizontal direction (no horizontal movement is allowed in the bearing).
		Arches are well suited to crossing valleys and rivers and are one of the more beautiful kinds of bridges.
	bridgepros.com /bridgepros/learning_center/arch_bridge.htm (119 words)

	Bridges 2005: Other Bridges
		The bridge, which is an extension of the shared public lobby space located between the thrust and proscenium stages, is designed to reach out symbolically and figuratively to the nearby river, offering views from a location seemingly suspended in mid-air.
		The completed truss bridge structure will be clad on the exterior with blue panels punctured with window openings, unveiling a series of carefully framed views from the interior space.
		The bridge in the center is the Plymouth Avenue Bridge with the Broadway Bridge and a Northern Pacific Railroad bridge to the north.
	www.mrdbridges.com /plymouth.php (514 words)

	Assessment of Forsmo Bridge, Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		RAMBOLL, of Denmark, successfully used strain gauge measurements on the Forsmo Bridge in Sweden to fine-tune a LUSAS Bridge model prior to carrying-out an in-depth assessment of the structure for a proposed increase in freight train axle loading.
		As part of the Swedish National Rail Administration’s STAX 25 programme the bridge was to be assessed and potentially upgraded for freight trains with a 25 tonne axle load.
		Bridges of this type are highly sensitive to the distribution of sectional forces in the Ultimate Limit State and Fatigue Limit States.
	www.lusas.com /case/bridge/forsmo.html (857 words)

	MINUTES, CITY COUNCIL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Dale Lipp stated that the cost of the pre-fabricated truss bridge was $369,000 and the custom truss bridge was $559,000, and that Staff was recommending alternative 2, the steel arch bridge, which costs $269,000.
		Regarding the existing and proposed spans of the bridge, Kowalewski explained that the existing bridge is 172 feet long, and that the best thing would be to remove the piers from the creek and make the bridge a little longer, at 180 feet.
		Regarding whether the bridge could be retrofitted in the future, Kowalewski explained that the structure of the arch defines the width limits, but that the rail height could be changed later.
	www.ci.carpinteria.ca.us /agendas/cc/ccmin110705.htm (3242 words)

	Stone Arch Bridge - a Minneapolis icon
		The goal of the proposed lighting project is to decoratively highlight the bridge by lighting the undersides of the arches and the truss across the navigation channel.
		During the construction of the Upper St. Anthony Falls Lock in 1963, the Stone Arch Bridge was modified to replace two arches with a 200-foot long truss spanning the navigation channel.
		The bridge is a National Historic Engineering Landmark, signifying its note-worthy physical structure and important role in the growth of Minneapolis.
	www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us /about/stonearch.asp (356 words)

	National Register Listings in Maryland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The bridge is an iron bowstring pony truss bridge in a single span of 62' in length and 15.8' in width.
		The bridge is almost identical to the Detour Bridge, which was moved from its location across the Monocacy River to Catoctin Mountain National Park to be used as a foot bridge.
		Significance: The original patent for the bowstring arch truss bridge was first registered in 1840 and was a popular structure until the late 19th century.
	www.marylandhistoricaltrust.net /nr/NRDetail.asp?HDID=519&FROM=NRMapFR.html (294 words)

	Dedication of the New River Gorge Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The bridge the men dedicated is a major link in West Virginia's Appalachian Corridor L. expressway system and connects recently completed portions of U.S. Route 19 which provide area residents with direct access to Interstates 77 and 79 at Beckley and Sutton.
		The bridge has enough concrete in its foundations and abutments to pave several miles of highway and the bridge's 22,000 tons of structural steel are equal to production of nearly 15,000 mid-size automobiles.
		The bridge was erected simultaneously from both ends and held in place by temporary tieback support systems involving miles of steel cable and pipe casing.
	www.wvculture.org /history/transportation/nrgbridge05.html (1399 words)

	Arch Bridges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Romans pioneered the building of arch bridges, which with their familiar parabolic shape allowed for longer spans than beam bridges.
		Arch bridges were originally built of stone, with a "keystone" holding the arch in place.
		The Bayonne Steel Arch Bridge in Bayonne, New Jersey is now the third longest steel arch bridge in the world.
	www.richmangalleries.com /arch_bridges.htm (151 words)

	Bridges: Historic Iron and Steel Truss Bridge Links Page
		Bridges and Tunnels of Allegheny County and Pittsburgh, PA.
		The HAER documented bridge was originally part of a two-span bridge in Slatington, Pa, was moved to a site near Wanamaker's, PA in 1900 and was moved to Central Pennsylvania College in Summerdale, PA in 2002 after some rehabilitation work.
		The bridge in question has some local people going to bat for it and these people have managed to get their bridge designated as something of a poster-child for the problems surrounding destruction of bridges that people care about.
	www.venangoil.com /bridgeLinks.html (1970 words)

	LUSAS Bridge Case Study Index
		LUSAS Bridge is used by engineers worldwide for all types of bridge design from simple slab deck bridges, composite and integral bridges and bow-string arch bridges, through to box girder, cable stayed and suspension bridges.
		It is also used routinely for all types of "architectural" bridges with slender or curved shapes, especially where dynamic loading is important.
		Buckling assessment of a steel girder bridge for 40 tonne lorries
	www.lusas.com /case/bridge (683 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Bridges Work"
		Designers were coming up with many different truss designs and compositions.
		Wooden bridges were being replaced by all-iron or wood-and-iron combinations.
		His innovation came not in the pattern of his truss, which was similar to the already existing Kingpost pattern, but in the use of vertical iron supports in addition to diagonal wooden supports.
	science.howstuffworks.com /bridge3.htm (142 words)

	Bridges: Messerall Road Bowstring Arch Truss Bridge Over Pine Creek Near Titusville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania ...
		That HAER documented wrought-iron arch bridge was originally part of an 1869 two-span bridge in Slatington, Pa, was moved to a site near Wanamaker's, PA in 1900 and was moved to Central Pennsylvania College in Summerdale, PA in 2002 after some rehabilitation work.
		The single span, 103'-long, bowstring thru truss bridge dates to 1870 and is a rare and remarkably complete example of the Wrought Iron Bridge Company's "column, plate, and channel" design patented by David Hammond, founder of WIBC.
		An extremely important bridge in the documentation of the development of the metal truss bridge, it was documented by HAER in 1998.
	www.venangoil.com /bridgesmesserallroad.html (1027 words)

	Stone Arch Bridge, Minneapolis, MN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		When this bridge was built, it was considered impossible to build a stone arch bridge for rail traffic.
		Two arches were removed in the 1960s to accomodate the construction of the lock and dam system that sits just upstream from the bridge.
		A steel truss was used to span the gap.
	www.visi.com /~jweeks/bridges/pages/b03.html (149 words)

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