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Topic: Trusted operating system

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	SIGNAL Magazine
		The NSA’s definition of trusted refers to a system component, such as the operating system or RDBMS, that operates according to the mandatory access control policy and is subject to rules for labeling files and accessing records.
		Currently, only one operating system, Trusted Solaris 8 from Sun Microsystems, is certified to operate at the high levels of functionality and assurance specified by the NSA and the Defense Department.
		While almost all operational systems within these organizations contain classified data, there also is an increasing requirement to be able to share such data across networks “from the White House to the foxhole,” as one Defense Department expert describes it.
	www.afcea.org /signal/articles/anmviewer.asp?a=364&z=32 (1918 words)

	Operating
		Haiku (operating system) Haiku is a project dedicated to the re-creation, followed by the extension, of the 2004 when a...
		Operating system advocacy Operating system advocacy is an attempt to increase the awareness of a given locked in.
		Operating system shell The shell of an operating system is a program that presents an interface to various operating sys...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/operating.html (1045 words)

	Trusted Operating Systems
		Trusted operating systems provide the basic security mechanisms and services that allow a computer system to protect, distinguish, and separate classified data.
		Trusted operating systems must be used to implement multi-level security systems and to build security guards that allow systems of different security levels to be connected to exchange data.
		The number of operating systems evaluated by class (excluding evaluations of updated versions of operating systems) is included in the table.
	www.sei.cmu.edu /str/descriptions/trusted_body.html (910 words)

	Trusted Operating Systems: The Ultimate Defense
		Trusted operating systems are special versions of off-the-shelf operating systems, such as Windows NT and Unix, that are enhanced to be more secure.
		Operating systems, especially on servers, can be weak points because of the fundamental role they play controlling basic functions such as how data is organized into files, written to disks or displayed on-screen.
		Trusted operating systems from major vendors such as Sun Microsystems Inc. and Hewlett-Packard Co. have been around for a long time, but they have had a poor reputation for being hard to manage, lagging behhind their commercial counterparts in key features.
	www.itworld.com /Comp/2124/CWD001106Trusted/search.html (1522 words)

	Trusted Systems Laboratories - Frequently Asked Questions
		The trusted operating system is built to meet Compartment Mode Workstation (CMW) requirements, which was originally for established for DoD classified data.
		In a trusted operating system all of the kernel's internal data structures (including ports and files) and user level files have a label attached indicating the sensitivity level.
		The trusted operating system enforces access controls to the files by checking the label on the file against the label on the access request.
	www.trustedsyslabs.com /faq_tsol.html (668 words)

	Trusted operating system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The phrase trusted operating system generally refers to an operating system that provides sufficient support for multi-level security and evidence of correctness to meet a particular set of government requirements.
		The most common set of criteria for trusted operating system design is the Common Criteria.
		The Common Criteria is the result of a multi-year effort by the governments of the U.S., Canada, United Kingdom, France, Germany, and the Netherlands to develop a harmonized security criteria for IT products.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trusted_operating_system (112 words)

	Trusted
		Trusted client A trusted client is a device controlled by the user of a service, such as a computer network, but with re...
		Trusted Solaris Trusted Solaris is a security evaluated operating system based on Solaris.
		Trusted system In security engineering, a trusted system is a system that you have no choice but to trust.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/trusted.html (153 words)

	[No title]
		Although public awareness of the need for security in computing systems is growing rapidly, current efforts to provide security are unlikely to succeed since current security efforts suffer from the flawed assumption that adequate security can be provided in applications alone and within the existing low-level, minimal security mechanisms of mainstream, commodity operating systems.
		Two such compliance operating procedures relevant to this project are: the determination of roles and responsibilities of management and staff, and ensuring that compliance standards are incorporated into computer systems.
		Trusted operating systems are enhanced versions of everyday operating systems such as Unix that are made more secure.
	sky.fit.qut.edu.au /~rhodes/ResearchPoster.doc (1650 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Trusted operating systems provide a ``next level'' of system security, offering both new security features and higher assurance that they are properly implemented.
		Trusted operating system features are a topic unfamiliar to many system programmers and users: detailed yet readable documentation is vital to both maintaining the correctness of the implementation, and to introducing operating system consumers to the suite of newly available functionality.
		Trusted Mach[19] and other experimental trusted operating systems have explored the impact of secure design when building from the ground up.
	usenix.org /events/usenix01/freenix01/full_papers/watson/watson_html (7246 words)

	Trusted Operating Systems: The Ultimate Defense - Computerworld
		Trusted operating systems from major vendors such as Sun Microsystems Inc. and Hewlett-Packard Co. have been around for a long time, but they have had a poor reputation for being hard to manage, lagging behind their commercial counterparts in key features.
		During an attack on a trusted operating system, the hacker steals, guesses or decodes the administrator's password.
		Trusted operating systems become crucial, says McNabb, "when you have different types of people, different classes of users, on the same system, or you have different classes of networks attached to the same machine."
	www.computerworld.com /printthis/2000/0,4814,53293,00.html (1830 words)

	Multi-Level Secure Database Management Schemes
		The trusted operating system separates the data when it is added to the database by a DBMS and combines the data when it is retrieved (if allowed by the security rules it enforces for the requesting DBMS).
		The Trusted Subject architecture is best for applications where the trusted operating system and the hardware used in the architecture already provide an assured, trusted path between applications and the DBMS [Castano 95].
		The Trusted Subject scheme is dependent on trusted schemes for a related DBMS and operating system.
	www.sei.cmu.edu /str/descriptions/mlsdms_body.html (1469 words)

	ASTALAVISTA SECURITY GROUP \| Hardening an Operating System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		For example, we found the following quote, "Windows NT is a secure operating system but only if it's configured correctly." Nevertheless, operating systems that lay claim to either being secure or trusted are better designed and engineered from their inception with a concern for security.
		This model, which is sufficient for systems requiring low levels of security, is unacceptable for sites that require enhanced levels of security or that cannot allow system security enforcement to be dependent on the user's voluntary adherence to site security policy.
		Trusted operating systems undergo evaluation of their overall design, verification of the integrity and reliability of their source code, and systematic, independent penetration evaluation.
	www.astalavista.com /index.php?page=85 (1993 words)

	ITworld.com - Trusted Operating Systems: The Ultimate Defense
		Product: Trusted operating systems, which are enhancements to Sun Solaris, IBM's AIX and Linux.
		In an attack against a conventional operating system, the hacker steals, guesses or decodes the administrator's password.
		But despite appearing to be the system administrator, the hacker can't tinker with operating system features that have been locked down during operation.
	www.itworld.com /Comp/2124/CWD001106Trusted/pfindex.html (1817 words)

	Huntington Security Trusted Operating Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		UNIX, the operating system used to build the Internet, was developed with the idea of maximum "openness," the flexibility to allow different types of computers to communicate with each other.
		With a trusted operating system, files can be labeled according to who has the ability to see, copy, print or alter the contents of the file.
		Trusted operating systems can also record all suspicious activity, like access violations, logins and logouts, and unsuccessful network connections.
	www.huntington.com /footer/HNB3720.htm (235 words)

	Review of Operating Systems
		As embedded systems (PDAs, cellphones, point-of-sale devices, VCRs, industrial robot control, or even your toaster) become more complex hardware-wise with every generation, and more features are put into them by the day, applications they run require more and more to run on actual operating system code in order to keep the development time reasonable.
		Microsoft's attempts at fitting a large unstable desktop-PC operating system, with a hammer, into the stringent requirements of embedded systems are here: Windows CE (which is about to lose its 'CE' part so as to confuse people a bit more) and their latest monster,
		Aditya Bansod's OSS and OSS2 are operating system simulators for Windows that implement their own OS ontop, and provide abstraction for local processes.
	tunes.org /Review/OSes.html (3214 words)

	Trusted computing could lead to more supplier lock-in - 14/Nov/2002 - ComputerWeekly.com
		Trusted computing is perhaps one of the most radical developments in desktop computing since IBM launched its first PC back in the 1980s.
		Trusted computing and Palladium could sweep away all the current safeguards that protect end-users when they are involved in a licensing dispute with their supplier.
		The new operating system will make digital rights easier to enforce, but it is up to suppliers to develop the software to take advantage of it.
	www.computerweekly.com /Articles/2002/11/14/190933/trusted-computing-could-lead-to-more-supplier-lock-in.htm (1442 words)

	Computerworld \| Special version operating systems: secure but with a catch
		Operating systems, especially on servers, can be weak points because of the fundamental role they play controlling basic functions such as how data is organised into files, written to disks or displayed on-screen.
		By these criteria, most commonly used operating systems such as Microsoft's Windows NT and Windows 2000, as well as the various flavours of Unix, aren't trusted systems, although Windows 2000 took an important step forward with its "system file protection", which safeguards some crucial components.
		Trusted operating systems from major vendors such as Sun Microsystems and Hewlett-Packard have been around for a long time, but they have had a poor reputation for being hard to manage, lagging behind their commercial counterparts in key features.
	www.computerworld.com.au /index.php/id;1759512762;relcomp;1 (1883 words)

	Definition of FreeBSD
		This is in contrast to Linux, a similar and more well known free Unix-like operating system, which is developed as a kernel by one group, userland utilities by others such as the GNU project, and put together with applications into distributions that package all the parts together by others.
		As an operating system, FreeBSD is generally regarded as being quite reliable and robust, and FreeBSD is the only free operating system listed in Netcraft's longest uptime list for web servers.
		Firefly BSD is a commercially-supported operating system based on the highly reliable FreeBSD 4 branch of FreeBSD.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/FreeBSD (922 words)

	FCW.com News - Linux wants to earn your trust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Trusted Computer Solutions (TCS) Inc. officials are developing Trusted Linux, a highly secure version of Linux that will rival Unix in environments in which security is the highest priority.
		To ensure that the system qualifies as trusted, TCS officials sought input from the relevant accrediting bodies early in the development process, Hammersla said.
		Creating a trusted version means company officials also would have to modify all the applications that run on the operating system to maintain the security continuity, Zaman said.
	www.fcw.com /article84375 (1141 words)

	Trusted Matters: An Interview with Chad Hanson
		Trusted operating systems have for many years been based on high-end UNIX platforms such as Trusted Solaris, AIX and HP-UX.
		All of those systems have undergone, at one point or another, the same standards of rigorous testing and evaluation to meet the requirements to merit being deemed a trusted OS.
		Trusted Gateway is used to transfer large amounts of data from a lower clearance domain to a higher clearance domain.
	rootprompt.org /article.php3?article=8741 (2089 words)

	KeepMedia \| eWEEK: In Operating Systems We Trust
		Both have access controls that are much more fine-grained than those in mainstream operating systems, limiting the damage that can be done by an attacker who takes control of a process running with root privileges by minimizing the permissions of that process.
		SELinux, Trusted Solaris and other trusted operating system products are particularly good for systems hosting Web-facing services that must be exposed to potential attacks over the Internet to serve their functions.
		SELinux, which was developed by NSA to demonstrate how mandatory access controls could be integrated into a mainstream operating system, has been around for a few years now, but its on the......
	keepmedia.com /pubs/eWeek/2004/09/06/563091?extID=10032&oliID=213&... (220 words)

	SELinux Mailing List: by thread
		Of course for any application, one must judge the deployed system in its intended configuration (e.g., a certification and accreditation in U.S. government lingo) to determine whether the OS that you trust incorporates adequate assurances to be trustworthy.
		If one objective of a 'Trusted' OS is that the user gains some breathing space in terms of choosing when to apply security patches then SEL and other linux/BSD security implementations are making significant strides.
		On the other hand, most of the 'Trusted' systems I've been exposed to (including systems evaluated at the "B" MLS level) are indeed providing excellent protection of data, however might be fully compromised by a stack-smash of a priveleged process.
	www.nsa.gov /SELinux/list-archive/0305/thread_body49.cfm (1124 words)

	Argus Systems Group - Security Paper Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The basis for all commercial trusted operating systems comes from the security criteria (such as B1 level mandatory access control) in the 1985 "Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria," commonly called the "Orange Book." But the security problems needing an MLS (multilevel security) solution were discussed for nearly two decades prior to the Orange Book.
		The goal of this paper is to motivate a renewed interest in secure operating systems so that future security efforts may build on a solid foundation.
		This paper identifies several secure operating system features which are lacking in mainstream operating systems, argues that these features are necessary to adequately protect general application-space security mechanisms, and provides concrete examples of how current security solutions are critically dependent on these features.
	www.argus-systems.com /feature/spotm (410 words)

	Argus Systems Group - Products Overview PitBull Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Based upon proven trusted operating system technology, PitBull is the ideal software foundation for securing web servers, application servers, transaction servers, mail servers, database servers, and a variety of other e-business servers.
		Traditional security measures may limit access to a system, but not actions on the system or by the system.
		Fact: If an attacker (external or internal) gains control of the operating system, all traditional security mechanisms are totally ineffective—your e-business is at the mercy of the attacker.
	www.argus-systems.com /product/overview/pitbull (513 words)

	Setting Goals for Your Web Site
		You may also choose to install a different operating system than the one that is currently on your computer.
		Operating System Hardening: Since most “out of the box” operating systems are designed for ease of installation and use, they are not usually at the highest security by default.
		Known as Trusted Operating Systems, vendors have developed variations on mainstream versions of Unix and Windows, which are specifically designed to offer maximum security.
	www.sarc.com /en/id/small_business/library/article.jsp?aid=secure_your_operating_system (890 words)

	Microsoft Palladium
		To protect the rights-managed data resident in memory, the digital rights management operating system refuses to load an untrusted program into memory while the trusted application is executing or removes the data from memory before loading the untrusted program.
		If the untrusted program executes at the operating system level, such as a debugger, the digital rights management operating system renounces a trusted identity created for it by the computer processor when the computer was booted.
		System and Method for Authenticating an Operating System to a Central Processing Unit, Providing the CPU/OS with Secure Storage, and Authenticating the CPU/OS to a Third Party, Ser.
	www.epic.org /privacy/consumer/microsoft/palladium.html (1169 words)

	FreeBSD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		FreeBSD is a Unix-like operating system descended from Unix via the BSD branch through 386BSD and 4.4BSD.
		The TrustedBSD project was formed for the express purpose of adding trusted operating system functionality to the FreeBSD operating system.
		FreeBSD is released under the BSD License, which allows everyone to use and redistribute FreeBSD as they wish, as long as they do not remove the copyright notice and the BSD license itself (which does not prohibit re-distribution under another license).
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/freebsd (602 words)

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