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Topic: Trypanosomiasis

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African trypanosomiasis

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	African Trypanosomiasis
		The term “sleeping sickness” is derived from the West African form of trypanosomiasis, primarily because invasion of the cerebrospinal fluid and brain after infection of the blood is often delayed, resulting in symptoms of extreme fatigue that can last for several years before the severe phase of the disease sets in; toxemia, coma and death.
		Animal trypanosomiasis, caused by a wider number of trypanosome species and carried with higher prevalence by a greater number of glossina species, is invariably the greater epidemic across the African continent with dire economic consequences.
		Historically, the impact of animal trypanosomiasis were so profound that it influenced the migration routes of cattle-owning tribes into the continent who were forced to avoid the G. morsitans “fly-belts” (Ford 1960), as well as the movements of early European and Arab settlers into the continent who depended on horses and oxen (McKelvey 1973).
	www.medicalecology.org /diseases/d_african_trypano.htm (7265 words)

	Trypanosomiasis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		African trypanosomiasis is confined to tropical Africa between 15° north latitude and 20° south latitude, or from north of South Africa to south of Algeria, Libya, and Egypt.
		According to WHO 45,000 cases of trypanosomiasis were reported in 1999, however the actual prevalence of cases is estimated to be between 300,000 to 500,000.
		East African trypanosomiasis is more acute clinically, with earlier central nervous system involvement than in the West African form of the disease.
	www.manhattanmed.com /TravelMedicine/african_trypanosomiasis.htm (439 words)

	AAT \| AFRICAN ANIMAL TRYPANOSOMIASIS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Trypanosomiasis is also mechanically transmitted by tsetse and other biting flies through the transfer of blood from one animal to another.
		Immunologic lesions are significant in trypanosomiasis, and it has been suggested that many of the lesions (e.g., anemia and glomerulonephritis) in these diseases may be the result of the deposition of immune complexes that interfere with, or prevent, normal organ function.
		Trypanosomiasis should be suspected when an animal in an endemic area is anemic and in poor condition.
	www.vet.uga.edu /vpp/gray_book/Handheld/aat.htm (3333 words)

	THE PREVALENCE OF ANIMAL TRYPANOSOMIASIS IN NIGERIA
		Trypanosomiasis continues to be a menace in the livestock industry in Nigeria despite the age long attempts to control the disease.
		It is therefore very important to intensify surveillance and treatment of trypanosomiasis in these animals as well as in those that are reared primarily outside the human settlement.
		Despite the resultant negative effects of trypanosomiasis on the animal population (3) and the possible zoonotic nature of the disease (4), domestic and peridomestic stock are the main livestock holding of Konshisha LGA.
	www.isrvma.org /article/55_4_7.htm (1391 words)

	Trypanosomiasis
		Human trypanosomiasis is therefore a vector-borne parasitic disease.
		For untreated cases of trypanosomiasis, death is certain.
		Of the 36 countries in which trypanosomiasis is endemic, 22 are actively involved in the WHO programme.
	www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk /224/Trypano.html (1398 words)

	Trypanosomiasis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trypanosomiasis is the name of the diseases caused by parasitic protozoan trypanosomes of the genus trypanosoma in vertebrates.
		The medically correct term for the disease is trypanosomosis but 'trypanosomiasis' is widely used.
		Nagana, or Animal African trypanosomiasis, also called 'Souma' or 'Soumaya' in Sudan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trypanosomiasis (160 words)

	Encyclopedia: Trypanosomiasis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Nagana, also called Animal African Trypanosomiasis, is a disease of vertebrate animals.
		The farmers, shepherds, herdsmen and hunters of the rural community are most exposed to sleeping sickness, though occasional visitors such as merchants, travellers and tourists are also at risk.
		The species that cause human African trypanosomiasis ("sleeping sickness") also infect wild animals and can be transmitted from these animals to humans (zoonotic infections).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Trypanosomiasis (492 words)

	Studies on incidence and control of Trypanosomiasis in buffalos caused by Trypanosome avansi steel 1885 in North Vietnam
		Trypanosomiasis is a common severe protozoan disease in buffaloes in the Northern provinces of Vietnam.
		Trypanosomiasis in buffaloes and cattle are a very common disease in northern provinces caused by Trypanosoma evansi Steel 1885.
		Trypanosomiasis and study of prophylactic and therapeutic procedures for dairy cattle and buffaloes of regions of
	www.mekarn.org /procbuf/pham.htm (3033 words)

	MSF Canada \| Letters from the Field (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Drissa, a newly born premature boy, died from malnutrition and phase 2 trypanosomiasis that was diagnosed at birth.
		She was recovering from her own phase 2 trypanosomiasis treatment, she had numerous complications, and was too weak to care for her child.
		Recently, the village with the highest prevalence of trypanosomiasis identified during the initial phase was re-screened, to measure the success of the MSF project.
	www.msf.ca /letters/cg/index.htm (710 words)

	Publications - Infectious Factsheets - African Trypanosomiasis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		African trypanosomiasis, also called sleeping sickness, is a serious tropical disease that is always fatal without treatment.
		East African trypanosomiasis is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense.
		West African trypanosomiasis is caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense.
	www.astdhpphe.org /trypano.asp (827 words)

	FAO:AG21:Magazine:Spotlight:Trypanosomiasis
		But the full potential of mixed farming is limited by the presence of animal trypanosomiasis, a parasitic livestock disease transmitted by tsetse flies, which causes early death or long-term debilitation.
		Trypanosomiasis now affects about one-third of Africa's total land area, and threatens an estimated 50 million cattle in 37 countries.
		Impacts of trypanosomiasis on African agriculture says the most obvious direct impact is seen in the birth and mortality rates of young animals.
	www.fao.org /ag/magazine/spot1.htm (1135 words)

	Sleeping sickness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sleeping sickness or African trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease in people and in animals.
		Caused by protozoa of genus Trypanosoma and transmitted by the tsetse fly, the disease is endemic in certain regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, covering about 36 countries and 60 million people.
		Two areas from a blood smear from a patient with African trypanosomiasis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sleeping_sickness (1810 words)

	Trypanosomiasis : Epilepsy.com/Professionals
		African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, is caused by Trypanosoma brucei.
		Definitive diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis depends on demonstration of the parasite in chancre fluid, lymph nodes, blood, or CSF.
		American trypanosomiasis, also known as Chagas’ disease, is an acute or chronic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi.
	professionals.epilepsy.com /page/infectious_Trypanoso.html (621 words)

	East African Trypanosomiasis
		There are two types of African trypanosomiasis, also called sleeping sickness, named for the areas in Africa in which they are found.
		Areas where infection is contracted are largely determined by the infected tsetse fly and wild animal population.
		East African trypanosomiasis is usually found in woodland and savannah areas away from human habitation.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/929652362.html (586 words)

	Trypanosomiasis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		American trypanosomiasis is a serious, progressive and often life-threatening disease.
		Trypanosomiasis Much of the information in this document is provided by generous permission of the: World Health Organization Division of Control of Tropical Diseases More than 66 million women, men....
		A survey for trypanosomiasis of cattle, sheep, goats and pigs in Konshisha Local Government Council of Benue State was carried out between....
	www.health-nexus.com /trypanosomiasis.htm (348 words)

	SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Trypanosomiasis
		Kisiko was identified as a strain of trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, spread by tsetse flies from the nearby national park.
		Trypanosomiasis is passed from human to human by tsetse fly bites...
		Sleeping sickness, or Human African Trypanosomiasis, is a disease caused by a parasite carried by the tsetse fly...
	news.surfwax.com /health/files/Trypanosomiasis.html (665 words)

	Bovine trypanosomiasis in Nigeria
		In Nigeria, cattle are considered as one of the principal livestock, and their survival and development are necessary to ameliorate the worsening situation regarding the supply of animal protein.
		Ikeda, B.O., Reynolds, L., Ogunsanmi, A.O., Fawunmi, M.K., Ekwuruke, J.O. and Taiwo, V.O.: The epizootiology of bovine trypanosomiasis in the derived savanna zone of Nigeria.
		Joshua, R. A.: The prevalence of trypanosomiasis in cattle at low-lying zone of the Jos Plateau, Nigeria.
	www.isrvma.org /article/55_2_7.htm (2107 words)

	Trypanosoma sp. (African trypanosomiasis) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Most of the African trypanosomes are transmitted by vectors (the one exception is a sexually transmitted disease of horses), and the most common vector is the tsetse fly (Glossina sp.
		As their names imply, most African trypanosomes are restricted to Africa, although a few species have been imported into South America (view the geographic distribution).
		From the standpoint of human health, the most important is Trypanosoma cruzi which causes American trypanosomiasis or Chagas' disease.
	www.biosci.ohio-state.edu /~parasite/trypanosoma.html (361 words)

	New Agriculturist: Focus on . . .
		So, the emphasis of PAAT is to identify priority areas for control, based on where trypanosomiasis has the greatest impact on human health and farming and where the potential for improving agricultural output is greatest.
		It is estimated that twice as much land could be cultivated if draught animals were not affected by the disease, that unaffected dairy cattle could produce almost 30% more milk and that the numbers of cattle that farmers could keep, in the absence of the disease, would also increase.
		Although the risk of trypanosomiasis is reduced where tsetse habitats are being cleared of vegetation, elsewhere the risk is increasing as humans and livestock seek land in tsetse infested regions.
	www.new-agri.co.uk /98-4/focuson/focuson4.html (370 words)

	CDC - Yellow Book: [4] African Trypanosomiasis (African Sleeping Sickness) - CDC Travelers' Health
		According to WHO, 25,000-45,000 cases of trypanosomiasis are reported annually; however, the actual prevalence of cases is estimated to be 300,000 to 500,000.
		The drug of choice for treatment of East African trypanosomiasis is suramin (for the hemolymphatic stage) or melarsoprol (for late disease with central nervous system involvement).
		West African trypanosomiasis is best treated with pentamidine isethionate (for the hemolymphatic stage) or eflornithine.
	www2.ncid.cdc.gov /travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=aftrypano.htm&cssNav=browseoyb (638 words)

	OHSU Health - African Trypanosomiasis (African Sleeping Sickness) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		West African trypanosomiasis, which causes a chronic infection lasting years, is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei gambiense.
		East African trypanosomiasis, which causes acute illness lasting several weeks, is caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense.
		African trypanosomiasis is confined mainly to tropical Africa between 15 degrees North and 20 degrees South latitude.
	www.ohsuhealth.com /htaz/travel/highhub/african_trypanosomiasis_african_sleeping_sickness.cfm (488 words)

	Disease Information: African Trypanosomiasis or Sleeping Sickness - Travel Medicine Program - Public Health Agency of ...
		African trypanosomiasis, commonly called sleeping sickness, is a serious parasitic disease that leads to acute or chronic infection of the central nervous system.
		African trypanosomiasis is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tsetse fly, a grey-brown insect the size of a honey bee.
		Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (or East African trypanosomiasis) is found in the southern and eastern regions of the continent in woodland and savannah areas.
	www.phac-aspc.gc.ca /tmp-pmv/info/af_trypan_e.html (1101 words)

	MDTravel Health - African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
		African trypanosomiasis is a parasitic infection transmitted by the bite of the tsetse fly.
		(See Geographical distribution of African trypanosomiasis by the World Health Organization.) The parasite is inoculated into a human or animal as the tsetse fly takes a blood meal.
		There are two types of African trypanosomiasis, caused by different parasites: Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, which causes a chronic infection that progresses slowly over years and which is found chiefly in western and central Africa, and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, which progresses rapidly over several weeks and which occurs primarily in eastern and southern Africa.
	www.mdtravelhealth.com /infectious/african_trypan.html (284 words)

	West African Trypanosomiasis -
		West African trypanosomiasis, also called Gambian sleeping sickness, is caused by a parasite called Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (tri-PAN-o-SO-ma brew-see-eye gam-be-ense).
		West African trypanosomiasis can be contracted in parts of Western and Central Africa; see the map for areas where illness can be found.
		Therefore, tourists are not at great risk for contracting West African trypanosomiasis unless they are traveling and spending long periods of time in rural areas of Western and Central Africa.
	library.adoption.com /Africa/West-African-Trypanosomiasis/article/4460/2.html (907 words)

	[No title]
		We would like to know if any other cases of trypanosomiasis have been noted in visitors to this region of East Africa and to bring to the attention of clinicians dealing with returned travellers, the ongoing transmission of this infection, even during short term exposure.
		The 2 cases reported here raise concern that trypanosomiasis is emerging in the Serengeti National park, and data on tsetse densities in the park and its vicinity would be appreciated.
		Trypanosomiasis in Tanzania spread from the Congo at the beginning of the last century and it is a possibility that an increase in trypanosomiasis in Eastern Tanzania is a consequence of the emergence of trypanosomiasis in the Congo over the last few years.
	www.promedmail.org /pls/promed/f?p=2400:1001:::NO::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1000,12728 (581 words)

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