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Topic: Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria

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	Tsar Samuil
		At the close of the 9th century, Pope Gregory V heralded and blessed Samuil as a king, and the empire of the youngest son of the Komitadji Nikola acquired international recognition and character.
		In addition, Samuil represented a new imperial dynasty, the empire was founded on a new state and legal basis, with new twin capitals at Prespa and Ohrid, and with a precisely defined core centered around Macedonia and the Macedonian Slavs as the fundamental element of the new empire.
		In Ohrid Samuil built imperial palaces and a church to be the seat of the Macedonian church.
	www.mymacedonia.net /history/samoil.htm (2109 words)

	Samuil of Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 986, Samuil drove Basil II's army from the field at Troyanovi Vrata, and the emperor sooned turned to the east for new conquests.
		For the next fifteen years, Samuil and Basil prepared for the clash both men knew was coming.
		The sight was too much even for Samuil, who blamed himself for the defeat and died less than three months later, on October 6.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/s/sa/samuil_of_bulgaria.html (356 words)

	Samuil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In a nutshell, Samuil's short-lived empire is considered to be a continuation of the First Bulgarian Empire of the Tsars Simeon and Peter.
		The multitude of other sources which refer to the empire of Samuil as to Bulgaria and to him as a Bulgarian Tsar are explained in one way or another, depending on the context, predominately explained as belonging to state, not ethnicity.
		The recognition of Samuil as a Bulgarian Tsar by the Pope is, for example, explained by the practice of the Roman Pope to give a title to the crown which was identified with the territory of an already recognized empire, and Samuil's Empire extended over the territory of the Bulgarian Empire which had collapsed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tsar_Samuil_of_Bulgaria (916 words)

	Samuil of Bulgaria
		Although he wasn't crowned as Tsar until 997, Samuil's reign actually dates from 976, when his predecessor Tsar Roman bestowed the power of the state, if not the crown, upon him.
		In 986, Samuil drove Basil II's army from the field at Troyanovi Vrata, and the emperor sooned turned to the east for new conquests.
		His victory prompted Pope Gregory V to recognize him as Tsar, and he was crowned in Rome in 997.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ts/Tsar_Samuil_of_Bulgaria.html (351 words)

	Battle of Kleidion - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Samuil had built ditches along the frontier and had fortified many of the valleys and passes with walls and towers, especially the pass of Kleidion on the Strymon River, which Basil would most likely need to march through to reach the heart of Bulgaria.
		Stylitzes says that Samuil died of a heart attack as he saw his forces march past on July 31, although other sources say Samuil was not present at the battle and lived until October 6.
		In that year Bulgaria's last stronghold at Dyrrhachium was captured, and Bulgaria became a province of the Byzantine Empire till the successful uprising led by the Assen brothers in 1185.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Battle_of_Balasita (586 words)

	Samuil of Bulgaria - Free net encyclopedia
		In 986, Samuil drove Basil II's army from the field at Troyanovi Vrata, and the emperor (barely surviving the heavy defeat in Troyanovi Vrata) soon turned to the east for new conquests.
		The multitude of other sources which refer to the empire of Samuil as to Bulgaria and to him as a Bulgarian Tsar are explained in one way or another, depending on the context, predominantly explained as belonging to state, not ethnicity.
		The recognition of Samuil as a Bulgarian Tsar by the Pope is, for example, explained by the practice of the Roman Pope to give a title to the crown which was identified with the territory of an already recognized empire, and Samuil's Empire extended over the territory of the Bulgarian Empire which had collapsed.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Samuil (1130 words)

	Bulgaria.com - History, Rulers of Bulgaria - Tsar Samuil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The son of Tsar Peter I, Tsar Boris II proved to be a poor ruler.
		Samuil moved his capital from Sredets (Sofia) to Voden, to Prespa and finally to Ohrid, in reaction to the developments in the war with Byzantium.
		Samuil fought fiercely but was forced to retreat and give away lands.
	www.bulgaria.com /history/rulers/samuil.html (944 words)

	Encyclopedia: Samuil
		St Ivan of Rila, patron saint of Bulgaria The history of Bulgaria began in the 7th century CE with the arrival of the Bulgars in the Balkans.
		Tsar (Bulgarian Ñ†Ð°Ñ€, Russian Ñ†Ð°Ñ€ÑŒ, listen[?]; often spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English), was the title used for the autocratic rulers of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires since 913, in Serbia in the middle of the 14th century, and in Russia from 1547 to 1917 (although...
		The history of Bulgaria began in the 7th century CE with the arrival of the Bulgars in the Balkans.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Samuil (2997 words)

	Opinion - Macedonia Steals Tsar Samuil from Bulgaria - Standart
		The ethnic origin of Tsar Samuil and the name of the county that he ruled has never been a subject of discussion among historians.
		The funny thing is that the deadliest blow to the Macedonian thesis about the ethnic origin of Tsar Samuil was delivered by the accidental discovery of a big inscription engraved in a stonewall found in the southwestern Macedonian city of Bitola in 1956.
		Tsar Ivan Vladislav tells about victories and defeats in the war against Byzantium and states that he is Bulgarian, that he is the Tsar of Bulgaria and that he has built the walls of the Bitola fortress to protect Bulgarians.
	www.standartnews.com /en/article.php?d=2006-08-20&article=253 (460 words)

	Basil II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Samuil's force was outnumbered numerically, but he was able to avoid fighting a general engagement while harassing Basil's forces as they advanced through Bulgarian territory.
		When Samuil met his troops on their return home, he is said to have died of sorrow.
		Bulgaria fought on for four more years, but finally submitted in 1018.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/basil_ii (1596 words)

	ROAD SCHOLARS - Features news
		Samuil was born in the southwestern Bulgarian lands (today’s Macedonian territory).
		In a new drive against Bulgaria, the Bulgarian Tsar Roman was taken captive and later died in a prison in Constantinople.
		In Samuil’s kingdom, the Kav-Khan remained the highest dignitary, the tsar’s right-hand man. In the heart of the state — the lands around Sofia and in Macedonia — fortified castles were erected to repel Byzantine attacks.
	www.sofiaecho.com /article/road-scholars/id_2955/catid_29 (978 words)

	Macedonia FAQ: Tsar Samuil
		The tombstone erected by Czar Samoil in 993 in memory of his parents Nicolas and Ripsimia and his brother David, Cyrillic script, found in the village of German (Prespa District).
		A historical map of Samoil's medieval empire during the greatest territorial expansion on the Balkan Peninsula in 996.
		The Byzantine Empire also placed the Archbishopric of Ohrid under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchstate of Constantinople, and the Greek hierarchs started suppressing Slavonic written documents, Slav hagiographies, etc. It was considered thta with the eradication of the Archbishopric of Ohrid the traditions cherished by the Macedonian people would also be eradicated.
	faq.macedonia.org /history/11.4.html (711 words)

	Rent a real estate in Sofia, Bulgaria with MIRELA Real Estate Agency
		Bulgaria's capital of Sofia ranks third in property market attractiveness according to recent research of Global...
		A shop of 23 sq m in the busiest part of Kniaz Boris I blvd. in Varna can be leased for EUR 140 per sq m, according to...
		Bulgaria Is Still A Sound Investment In 2007...
	www.hotsofiaproperty.com (745 words)

	Early Settlement and Empire - Bulgarian Reformation - Bringing the Reformation to Bulgaria!
		Bulgaria remained economically dependent on the Byzantine Empire, and the widespread Bogomil heresy (see Glossary) opposed the secular Bulgarian state and its political ambitions as work of the devil.
		Although the Bulgarians expanded their territory again briefly under Tsar Samuil at the end of the tenth century, in 1014 the Byzantines under Basil II inflicted a major military loss.
		In the late fourteenth century, Bulgaria was weakened by the division of its military defenses between the two perceived threats.
	bulrefsite.entrewave.com /view/bulrefsite/s129p135.htm (1519 words)

	Samuil -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In (Click link for more info and facts about 986) 986, Samuil drove Basil II's army from the field at Troyanovi Vrata, and the emperor sooned turned to the east for new conquests.
		His victory prompted (Click link for more info and facts about Pope Gregory V) Pope Gregory V to recognize him as (A male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)) Tsar, and he was crowned in Rome in 997.
		However, on July 29, 1014 at Kleidion (Belasitsa) in (Landlocked republic on the Balkan Peninsula; achieved independence from Yugoslavia in 1991) Macedonia, Basil II was able to corner the main Bulgarian army and force a (A hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war) battle while Samuil was away.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sa/samuil.htm (465 words)

	tsar - definition of tsar by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		From afar at the end of Tsar Peter Straat, issued in the frosty air the tinkle of bells of the horse tramcars, appearing and disappearing in the opening between the buildings, like little toy carriages harnessed with toy horses and played with by people that appeared no bigger than children.
		She felt, as courtiers do when the Tsar enters, the sensation of fear and respect which the old man inspired in all around him.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	dict.thefreelibrary.com /Tsar (450 words)

	About Bulgaria, Macedonia and Volga Region.
		Giovanna, Queen of Bulgaria, Dies in Portuguese Exile at 92.
		Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Bulgaria.
		Tsar Samuil was emperor of Bulgaria, neutral quotes.
	mixile.tripod.com /MacedoniaBulgaria/id25.html (1976 words)

	Samuil of Bulgaria : Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		terms defined : Samuil of Bulgaria : Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria
		All is still licensed under the GNU FDL.
		So now I was the only one left alive of though I think it was one of these that afterwards I saw shot quite never moved in all his life.
	www.termsdefined.net /ts/tsar-samuil-of-bulgaria.html (635 words)

	Battle of Kleidion - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the confusion, thousands of Bulgarians were killed; according to the account of Byzantine historian John Skylitzes, Samuil was present at the battle and was able to escape only with the help of his son's horse.
		Skylitzes' account, written about 80 years later, probably exaggerates (if not invents entirely) the story of the 14 000 blinded prisoners.
		In that year Bulgaria's last stronghold at Dyrrhachium was captured, and Bulgaria became a province of the Byzantine Empire.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Kleidion (546 words)

	Bulgaria - Table A. Chronology of Important Events
		1218-1241 Reign of Ivan Asen II, second golden age of Bulgaria and period of territorial expansion 1241 Tatar raids and feudal factionalism begin, causing social and political disorder.
		1915-18 Bulgaria fights in World War I on side of Central Powers; decisive defeat at Dobro Pole (1918) forces Ferdinand to abdicate in favor of his son Boris III.
		1941 Bulgaria signs Tripartite Pact, allying it with Nazi Germany in World War II; Bulgaria refrains from action against Soviet Union for duration of war.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-1832.html (1159 words)

	Main Events of Bulgarian History, by Neytcho Iltchev
		Khan Krum continued the deliverance of Slav population in Balkans from Byzantium repression; Bulgaria bordered on the west with the empire of Charlemagne and on the east the Bulgarian troops besieged Constantinople (see the map)
		Tsar Samuil, pushes Bulgaria's borders further to the South and to the West, and made Ohrid the new capital (the third Bulgarian capital after Pliska and Preslav)
		Tsar Kaloyan restored the mighty power of Bulgaria and again stands out as a major power in the south-east Europe; the army of the Latin emperor Baudouin of Flanders defeated near Adrianople (1204) and he was took as prisoner
	nbulgaria.freeservers.com /bulgaria/history0.htm (1072 words)

	Samuil
		Basil II of the Byzantine Empire, Samuil resisted him for decades and is the only man to ever defeat Basil II in battle.
		Pope Gregory V to recognize him as Tsar, and he was crowned in Rome in 997.
		Borders of Bulgaria during the reign of Samuil (http://bgns.net/site/index.php?option=com_contentandtask=viewandid=136andItemid=63)
	en.efactory.pl /Samuil (339 words)

	Albion Road: A Soccer Club Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This year is sometimes given as the club's formation.
		The Belasitsa is a small mountain range in southwestern Bulgaria.
		Tsar Samuil was on of the legendary leaders of Bulgaria during the Middle Ages.
	www.albionroad.com /clubs_details.aspx?id=48 (71 words)

	BULGARIA- A COUNTRY STUDY - Bulgarian Reformation - Bringing the Reformation to Bulgaria!
		Beginning in 1989, Bulgaria passed through a time of political, social, and economic transition that changed many of its basic institutions and subjected society to stresses unknown in the forty-five years of totalitarian communist rule.
		Although Bulgaria was one of the most closed communist societies until 1989, subsequent relaxation of tensions and restrictions has made available an increasing amount of reliable information about both the communist and the post-Zhivkov eras.
		In all cases, Bulgarian personal names have been transliterated from Cyrillic according to a standard table; place names are rendered in the form approved by the United States Board on Geographical Names; in the case of Sofia, the conventional international variant is used instead of the transliterated form (Sofiia).
	bulrefsite.entrewave.com /view/bulrefsite/s129p121.htm (1850 words)

	da 1014 Centuries Centuries 10th century 10th century 11th...
		July 29 July 29 - Battle of Kleidion Battle of Kleidion: Basil II Basil II inflicts not only a decisive defeat on the Bulgaria Bulgarian army, but his subsequent savage treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of shock.
		April 23 April 23 - Brian Boru Brian Boru, high king of Ireland Ireland during the Battle of Clontarf Battle of Clontarf fought outside Dublin against the rebel Maelmordha of Leinster, who was aided by the Viking Sigtrygg of Dublin.
		October 6 October 6 - Samuil of Bulgaria Samuil of Bulgaria, Tsar Tsar of Bulgaria Bulgaria
	www.biodatabase.de /1014 (364 words)

	ABCalendar - July, 29 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Battle of Stiklestad: The fall of King Olaf "the Saint", and start of Danish rule in Norway.
		Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts not only a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, but his subsequent savage treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of shock.
		1014 - Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts not only a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, but his subsequent savage treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of shock.
	www.abcalendar.com /day/July-29 (1128 words)

	Samuil of Bulgaria : Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Samuil of Bulgaria : Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria
		See also: History of Bulgaria - List of Bulgarian monarch
		And he thought to himself, "I will arise and be called thy son; make me as one of thy hired servants.'" And Heidi paused in her reading.
	www.explainthis.info /ts/tsar-samuil-of-bulgaria.html (455 words)

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