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Topic: Tsimshian

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	Tsimshian -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tsimshian thrived on (Any of various large food and game fishes of northern waters; usually migrate from salt to fresh water to spawn) salmon, which were especially plentiful prior to modern large-scale commercial fishing.
		The Tsimshian believed that (An activity or gift that benefits the public at large) charity and (The act of purging of sin or guilt; moral or spiritual cleansing) purification of the body (either by cleanliness or (Abstaining from food) fasting) was the route to the (Life after death) afterlife.
		The end of the Tsimshian as a force to be reckoned with in the north came in 1860, when (A highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars) smallpox annihilated 80% of the entire Tsimshian population in only three years.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/ts/tsimshian.htm (1133 words)

	Encyclopedia: Tsimshian
		The Tsimshian and Tlingit shared a common way of life, and while this allowed for a great deal of trade, it also led to the two peoples ferociously battling for the best lands, the best fishing grounds, for slaves and plunder, or revenge for last time.
		The Tsimshian believed that charity and purification of the body (either by cleanliness or fasting) was the route to the afterlife.
		The end of the Tsimshian as a force to be reckoned with in the north came in 1860, when smallpox annihilated 80% of the entire Tsimshian population in only three years.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Tsimshian (2255 words)

	First Nations in Canada
		The Tsimshian, who lived on the mainland coast directly across from the Queen Charlottes, were divided into three groups, all of whom spoke languages belonging to the Tsimshian language family.
		The Tsimshian lived at the mouth of the Skeena River, the Gitksan lived farther inland along the Skeena, and the Nisga'a at the basin of the Nass River.
		Tsimshian women wore skirts of buckskin, but elsewhere women's skirts were woven of cedar bark that had been shredded to produce a soft fibre.
	www.rlc.dcccd.edu /Mathsci/anth/104/pacific.htm (3718 words)

	AllRefer.com - Tsimshian (North American Indigenous Peoples) - Encyclopedia
		Tsimshian culture, like that of the Haida and the Tlingit, was typical of the Northwest Coast area (see under Natives, North American).
		Today the Tsimshian live in British Columbia and Alaska, where they live mainly by fishing and forestry.
		In 1990 there were close to 10,000 Tsimshian in Canada and more than 2,000 in the United States.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/Tsimshia.html (320 words)

	Kitsumkalum History
		The Tsimshian were given their rights to their identity as a gift and privilege from the Creator of the Earth (and from Txamsem*), from supernatural spirits that exist in nature's environment, and from hereditary ancestry.
		Kitsumkalum follows the traditional Tsimshian social organization that is matrilineal (family lines traced through the mother's side); where cultural families belong to ancestral houses, and to one of four phratries (p'teex), or clans.
		The clans represent creatures that are sacred to the Tsimshian, and always have a story (adawx) connected to the land, chiefs, spirits, clans, and the whole structure of Tsimshian thought.
	www.kitsumkalum.bc.ca /history.html (1587 words)

	Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation - Tsimshian Tribal Council.
		The Tsimshian Tribal Council entered the treaty process in January 1994, and is now in Stage 4 of the six-stage process, negotiating an agreement in principle.
		The area identified in the Tsimshian statement of intent (Stage 1) is the second largest in B.C., with the seven represented bands widely separated geographically.
		The Tsimshian Accord is an agreement between the Tsimshian Nation, Canada and British Columbia committing the parties to negotiate interim measures agreements on forestry, aquaculture, eco-tourism and fisheries.
	www.gov.bc.ca /arr/negotiation/first_nations_in_the_process/tsimshian_tribal_council_map.htm (760 words)

	Alaska Native Languages -- Tsimshian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tsimshian has been spoken at Metlakatla on Annette Island in the far southeastern corner of Alaska since the people moved there from Canada in 1887 under the leadership of missionary William Duncan.
		Currently, of the 1,300 Tsimshian people living in Alaska, not more than 70 of the most elderly speak the language.
		Franz Boas did extensive research on the language in the early 1900s, and in 1977 the Metlakatlans adopted a standard practical orthography for use also by the Canadian Coast Tsimshians.
	www.uaf.edu /anlc/langs/ts.html (82 words)

	Alaska Native Heritage Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The original homeland of the Tsimshian is between the Nass and Skeena Rivers in British Columbia, Canada, though at contact in Southeast Alaska’s Portland Canal area, there were villages at Hyder and Halibut Bay.
		The Tsimshian Killerwhale and Wolf are one side and their opposite side are the Eagle and Raven.
		The Eyak, Tlingit, Haida and Tsimshian are known for a ceremony called the “potlatch” and feasts.
	www.alaskanative.net /38.asp (1920 words)

	Canku Ota - July 12, 2003 - Tsimshian History Now Offered at School
		Now part of the curriculum is Tsimshian studies, a course designed and taught by Mique’l Askren, who returned to Metlakatla High School five years after graduating from her alma mater.
		However as Tsimshian Studies has become mandatory within the social studies department of the MHS curriculum, the course has been left behind in capable hands.
		An artist and carver by trade, Boxley is proficient in the Tsimshian language and while raised in Seattle, he was heavily influenced by his father, David, who had earlier introduced Metlakatla to its first potlatch and totem pole raising in 1982.
	www.turtletrack.org /Issues03/Co07122003/CO_07122003_History_Classes.htm (1007 words)

	Terasen Inc > Work of Tsimshian artist Bill Helin on display at Terasen Centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Terasen Inc. is proud to host world renowned Tsimshian aboriginal artist Bill Helin and an exhibition of his work, June 16 to June 20.
		Helin is part of a new generation of aboriginal artists whose work reflects traditional Tsimshian legends in today’s society.
		It was through the stories told by his grandmother that Bill Helin learned the legends of the Tsimshian that would inspire his art.
	www.terasen.com /Inc/Newsroom/TsimshianBillHelin.htm (388 words)

	[No title]
		This point is more implicit in Miller=s work, the goal of which is to codify the Tsimshian=s own oral history, the adawx, for the benefit of Western readers, and to illustrate its very non-Western approach to defining time and history.
		Brock=s main Tsimshian source is the English-language diary of a Christian convert named Clah, which she cross-references with the diaries of Anglophone missionaries and other historical records.
		The Tsimshian who moved to Metlakatla were responding to events in their own community, specifically a smallpox outbreak, rather than purely religious zeal.
	home.fuse.net /ChristopherLBennett/tsimshian.htm (966 words)

	David Boxley - Tsimshian Mask Carving (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		His dedication and success in reviving the Tsimshian culture have rightfully earned him recognition as a culture-bearer.
		Boxley's functional and decorative pieces such as bentwood boxes, rattles, masks, prints and panels are in collections of the King and Queen of Sweden, the Emperor of Japan, the President of West Germany, the Mayor of Chongging, China and others.
		David Boxley is the first Alaskan Tsimshian to achieve national prominence; he is particularly well respected as a totem pole carver, having carved 54 poles in the last 20 years.
	www.alaskanative.net /195.asp (485 words)

	::: American Indians of the Pacific Northwest Collection :::
		Neighbors to the south were the Tsimshian, to the west were the Haida, and to the east were Athapaskans (who call themselves Dine) of Interior Alaska.
		Tsimshian held them to mark the death of a leader, while Haida celebrated the house dedication of a mature leader and then his death.
		Among those granted religious asylum in Alaska were a thousand Tsimshians, who accompanied their life-long missionary after a heated disagreement with his Anglican bishop at Metlakatla near modern Prince Rupert, British Columbia.
	content.lib.washington.edu /aipnw/miller1.html (3549 words)

	Tsimshian Language Main Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This website is dedicated to the study, preservation and revitalization of the Tsimshian language.
		Tsimshian, or Sm'álgyax/Shim-al-gyack, is the ancestral language of the Tsimshian people.
		The traditional home of the Tsimshian people is in what is now central and northern British Columbia.
	www.tsimshianlanguage.org (196 words)

	Tsimshian Crest Characteristics - Bill Helin Life Crest Designs
		The Tsimshian believe the Hummingbird to be a joyful messenger and mysterious traveler.
		Tsimshian legend of the origin of Beaver—a brown haired woman dammed a small dream to swim in a.
		The Tsimshian shaman said that the owl could cause death just by flying over a person.
	www.billhelin.com /jewelry/lifecrest/Tsimshian_Crest_Characteristics.htm (993 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Tsimshian Culture: A Light Through the Ages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Tsimshians are a Northwest Coast Native people known for their dazzling works of art and rich array of social, religious, and oral traditions that have captured the attention of scholars for over a century.
		Miller argues convincingly that the genius of Tsimshian culture, and one of the main reasons for its continuing vitality, is that its people are sensitive to different, and often creative, ways of capturing and embodying light.
		The book covers many aspects of Tsimshian culture including their art, ceremonies, myths, kinship structure, and also this concept of "light." It also highlights the work of other anthropologists such as Violet Garfield who conducted early 20th century field studies on Tsimshian.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0803282664?v=glance (635 words)

	Thomas Crosby and the Tsimshian: Small Shoes for Feet Too Large. by (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He argues that the Tsimshian directed their own fate, calling the Methodists to their territory, accepting what religious and secular aspects of acculturation suited their goals, and rejecting as `small shoes for feet too large' those that did not.
		When circumstances deviated from what the Tsimshian felt conversion should entail, they turned from his leadership and attempted to complete the conversion process themselves.' Bolt supports this conclusion with comparison of Crosby's relations with the Tsimshian to Protestant missionaries with the Native peoples of New Zealand and the South Pacific.
		Why the Tsimshian of Port Simpson, particularly the women, allowed their pictures to be taken for the photographs ultimately used on the cover of Bolt's Thomas Crosby and the Tsimshian might be considered within this author's call for further research.
	www.utpjournals.com /product/chr/751/corsby07.html (1102 words)

	Bini, a Tsimshian indian prophet. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		While accounts of Bini among the Tsimshian have yet to appear of print, Jennes (1943:550-59) discusses him within the Carrier context as the younger brother of Sistyel and nephew of Sami, earlier prophets.
		With their conversion, the Tsimshian came to publicly reject their previous beliefs as pagan and, as they say, "low class." Their native medicoreligious specialist were hounded into abandoning their practice by accusations that they were in league with the devil.
		Of all the Tsimshian, only the Gitksan, somewhat insulated by their interior homeland, continue to recognize and patronize shamans who derive their power from the Christian God and who practice a Christianized shamanism.
	www.hallman.org /indian/bini.html (399 words)

	The SKEENA RIVER "Great Canadian Rivers"
		Although they share the cultural-lingual umbrella of the Tsimshian - the "people inside of the Skeena River"- four distinct dialect groups have contributed to the rich aboriginal history of northern British Columbia and southern Alaska.
		In addition to the famous totem pole carvings of the Tsimshian, several specialized arts and crafts are identified with the culture of the region:
		Cedar mats, often decorated with red and fl geometric designs, were placed on longhouse walls as insulation, hung as dividers between family units, or used for cushioning and protection.
	www.greatcanadianrivers.com /rivers/skeena/culture-home.html (1263 words)

	Argument-marking in Coast Tsimshian
		Smalgyaxian (Tsimshianic): located along Nass River, the lower reaches of the Skeena and on coastal and island communities around and below mouth of Skeena and in Metlakatla, Alaska.
		Southern Tsimshian (Sgu̎u̎x) is spoken by only a few people (in one family, as far as I know).
		By Upriver Tsimshian I mean the varieties of Coast Tsimshian spoken in Kitselas and (especially) Kitsumkalum, both near Terrace, BC.
	www-unix.oit.umass.edu /~ebach/papers/argmrk.htm (1245 words)

	Tsimshian Amulet
		The Tsimshian Indians believed that the spirits were present in all things - in the rocks, in the trees, in the elements, in the animals, in every aspect of life.
		This carving was inspired by an amulet worn by a Tsimshian shaman during salmon-curing rites.
		The original amulet was four inches tall, but I thought the design was strong enough to be enlarged into a relief carving of fifteen inches.
	www.mnsi.net /~mbrode/tsimshian_amulet.htm (199 words)

	Bill Helin, Artists of British Columbia, Tsimshian Nation legends
		The Tsimshian ("people inside the Skeena River") of northern British Columbia were divided into three groups: the Tsimshian proper, around the mouth of the Skeena River; the Gitksan, farther up the Skeena; and the Niska, who inhabited the basin of the Nass (Niska) River.
		Owing to their geographical location, the Niska and the Gitksan devoted more time to the hunting of land mammals (particularly mountain goats and bears) than the Tsimshian proper, who directed their energy to halibut fishing, and the hunting of seals, sea lions and sea otters among the islands off the coast.
		But early in the morning, just as it was breaking day, these Tsimshian hunters saw the leader was making preparations to dive down to battle the giant devilfish for the final confrontation.
	www.billhelin.com /legends/legends.htm (1467 words)

	tsimshian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Each Tsimshian winter village was entirely independent of the other villages, and has four main crests.
		Crest art is for ceremony, and depictions of an animal such as a Frog would require permission from the family with that as their crest.
		Tsimshian art as represented in objects such as totem poles, masks and blankets is the visual representation of family stories.
	faculty-staff.ou.edu /B/Elaine.S.Bontempi-1/tsimshian.html (225 words)

	g_tsimshian_bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		His collection of 225 cylinders recoded between 1915 and 1929 on the Skeena and Nass Rivers is in the National Museum of Canada; seventy-five songs -- including paddling songs, songs derived from myths, and "lyric songs" -- are transcribed and analyzed in the publication cited.
		An Introduction to Tsimshian Worldview and its Practitioners, in Margaret Seguin, ed., The Tsimshian: Images of the Past, Views for the Present, Vancouver, University of British Columbia Press, pp.
		Tsimshian Shamanic Images, in Margaret Seguin, ed., The Tsimshian: Images of the Past, Views for the Present, Vancouver, University of British Columbia Press, pp.
	ctl.unbc.ca /anderson/tbib/tbibg.html (2231 words)

	Tsimshian Language (Smalgyax)
		Tsimshian is a Penutian language of the Northwest Coast.
		One of seven modern Tsimshian tribes, Kitsumkalum First Nation has a website with language, culture and community information.
		Another of the current Tsimshian tribes, also with a good website featuring cultural and historical material.
	www.native-languages.org /tsimshian.htm (212 words)

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