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| | Tsiolkovsky's equation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) |
 | | where m 0 is the initial total mass, and m 1 the final total mass and v e the velocity of the rocket exhaust with respect to the rocket (the specific impulse, or, if measured in time, that multiplied by gravity-on-Earth acceleration). |
 | | Clearly, to achieve a large delta-v, either m 0 must be huge (growing exponentially as delta-v rises), or m 1 must be tiny, or v must be very high, or some combination of all of these. |
 | | In practice, this has been achieved by using very large rockets (increasing m 0), with multiple stages (decreasing m 1), and rockets with very high exhaust velocities. |
| equation.net.ru (553 words) |
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