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	Tswana language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tswana, also known as Setswana, is a Bantu language.
		Tswana is the national and majority language of Botswana, whose people are the Batswana (singular Motswana).
		The majority of Tswana speakers are in South Africa (where it is an official language), but there are also speakers in Zimbabwe and Namibia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tswana_language (309 words)

	Tswana Religion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Traditional Tswana belief was centred around the high God (Modimo), who was regarded as the Creator of all things, and the person responsible for all human destiny.
		By the end of the 19th Century, Tswana territory had been partitioned among the Cape Colony in the south, Great Britain in the north, and the South African republic in the east.
		The conversion of the Tswana was carried out by the initial conversion of chiefs, who were assumed by the Tswana, as ritual mediators between ancestors and people in the past, and also as rainmakers.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/sub/tswana.html (539 words)

	Tswana
		The lands of the Tswana suffered the shattering experience of invasion from a whole series of refugee groups escaping from the anger of Shaka Zulu at the beginning of the 19th century.
		Tswana (Kwena) is the national language spoken by over 80% of the Botswana population and used in schools and the media.
		Religion: In traditional Tswana religion (tribal animism) "Modimo" is the great God, or "The Great Spirit." It is interesting that "God" is the singular spirit "Mo-dimo", and the general spirits are the plural "ba-dimo." The badimo (ancestral spirits) are understood as agents of Modimo.
	cesa.imb.org /peoplegroups/tswana.htm (1367 words)

	Tswana
		Evidence suggests that the ancestors of the Tswana were living on the Highveld (the western, northern and northeastern Witwatersrand area) from at least the 17th century.
		The Tswana household was the smallest social unit and consisted of the husband, his wife and their unmarried children.
		A Tswana women was seen as a permanent minor who would always be under men’s authority, whether it be her father, her husband or her husband’s father or brother.
	www.angelfire.com /biz7/thelonetree/Tswana.htm (1673 words)

	The Tswana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The origin of the name ‘Tswana’ is a mystery, but is applied to a number of groups who all speak the same language, have similar customs, but separate names.
		The history of the Tswana people is one of continual dissension and fission where disputes, sometimes over chieftain ascendancy, resulted in a section of the tribe breaking away from the main tribe, under the leadership of a dissatisfied chief's relative, and settling elsewhere.
		The Tswana are closely related to the Sotho (of Lesotho and South Africa).
	www.encounter.co.za /article/94.html (497 words)

	Breeds of Livestock - Tswana Cattle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Tswana are of the Sanga cattle type, similar to the Tuli and Barotse.
		The Tswana cattle eventually displaced practically all of the cattle native to the region.
		Tswana cattle are generally red pied, fl or fl pied with long horns.
	www.ansi.okstate.edu /breeds/cattle/tswana (142 words)

	Morphological characterisation of the Tswana goat
		The propensity toward white coat colour and/or white in combination with other colours especially fl and brown, appears to be an adaptive characteristic of Tswana goats to withstand pronounced seasonal fluctuations in the intensity and duration of light, heat and cold.
		This is the reflection of the structure of goat population generally kept by subsistence peasant farmers in the rural areas.
		The propensity towards white and/or white in combination with other coat colours, especially fl and brown, eminently exhibited by goats used in the present study appears to be an adaptation to the pronounced seasonal fluctuations in the intensity and duration of light, heat and cold experienced in this region.
	www.fao.org /wairdocs/ilri/x5473b/x5473b0d.htm (1616 words)

	Tswana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Tswana is the language spoken by the Batswana people.
		This is a group of tribes of Bantu origin, making up a significant part of the population of the country of Botswana.
		Tswana is a Bantu language of Niger-Congo origin.
	www.flw.com /languages/tswana.htm (76 words)

	South Africa Tswana - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Tswana culture is similar to that of the related Sotho peoples, although some Tswana chiefdoms were more highly stratified than those of other Sotho or the Nguni.
		Tswana culture was distinguished for its complex legal system, involving a hierarchy of courts and mediators, and harsh punishments for those found guilty of crimes.
		Tswana farmers often formed close patron-client relationships with nearby Khoisan-speaking hunters and herdsmen; the Tswana generally received meat and animal pelts in return for cattle and, sometimes, dogs for herding cattle.
	www.photius.com /countries/south_africa/society/south_africa_society_tswana.html (597 words)

	Culture and History - Tourism of Botswana
		Their pattern of dividing and migrating saw the formation of numerous Tswana tribes, and their eventual occupation of all areas of the country.
		The term "Batswana" refers to the ethnic group of people who speak the Setswana language and share the Sotho-Tswana culture, while in its common contemporary usage, it refers to all citizens of the Republic of Botswana, regardless of their ethnic background.
		This then was how the Tswana tribes came to be living in Botswana as they were until about 200 years ago.
	www.botswana-tourism.gov.bw /culture_and_his/culture_and_his.html (957 words)

	Tswana \| Sotho Tribe \| South Africa... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Tswana people are associated with the country of Botswana, whose name means 'Land of the Tswana.' But most of the people of this language group live in the northeastern part of South Africa.
		The Namibian Tswana consist of three groups, the largest of which is the Tlharo, the second is the Tlhaping and the third the Kgalagadi who have to some extent mixed with the Kalahari Bushmen.
		Today, the Tswana people live in parts of Gauteng Province, the Northwest Province and the eastern parts of Botswana.
	www.safari.co.za /africa_TSWANA.html (1720 words)

	People - Culture and History - Tourism of Botswana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Tswana people are the largest group in Botswana and traditionally comprise of almost half or more of the country's total population.
		The three major Tswana groups were the Bakwena (who eventually came to settle on the Molepolole area), the Bangwato (who eventually came to settle the Shoshong/Palapye/ Serowe areas), and the Bangwaketse (who eventually came to settle the Kanye area).
		When groups of Tswana peoples later began to move into areas inhabited by the Bakgalagadi, many Bakgalagadi were forced to become servants for the dominant Batswana.
	www.botswana-tourism.gov.bw /culture_and_his/people.html (1949 words)

	Reproductive performance of Tswana ewes and Boer does in south-eastern Botswana
		Tswana sheep are indigenous to Botswana while Boer goats are imported from South Africa.
		This study examines the reproductive performance of Tswana ewes and Boer does which are the predominant breeds of small stock in Botswana.
		Tswana sheep can be improved genetically by careful selection, improved nutrition and management with a lambing interval of 365±28.50 days (Table 1).
	www.fao.org /wairdocs/ilri/x5473b/x5473b2h.htm (1656 words)

	Tswana -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Every Tswana is affiliated to a patrilineal descent group, each group associated with a distinctive symbol that serves as a polite mode of address and sometimes as a surname.
		In 1977 the apartheid South African government created an “independent” Bantu homeland for the Tswana, called Bophuthatswana, but it was never recognized by the international community and was abolished with the fall of the official apartheid policy in 1994.
		Settled by the Tswana people in 1871, Mochudi is the administrative seat of the chief of the Bakgatla tribe.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9073646 (887 words)

	Botswana History Page 4: Culture
		Tswana national culture can be traced back to the incorporation of diverse peoples under a string of Tswana states, beginning in the later 18th century and reaching maturity by the time of British colonization at the end of the 19th century.
		The Tswana states, linked by the the kinship ties of their rulers speaking linked dialects of a common language, were brought together in allianceagainst common enemies between the 1850s and the 1890s.
		Traditional Tswana music was generally based on the human voice and string instruments, with a general lack of drumming.
	www.thuto.org /ubh/bw/bhp4.htm (1264 words)

	Botswana History Page 8: Language
		Setswana (Tswana) is the national language of Botswana, spoken by just about all adult citizens.
		Among home languages Yeyi is the main language of the north-west, Subiya of the far north, Kalanga of the north-east, Birwa/Tswapong of the far east- central, and Tswana of central and south-eastern Botswana.
		Tswana is said to the home language of 70% of Botswana's population.
	www.thuto.org /ubh/bw/bhp8.htm (397 words)

	Armoria patriæ - Republic of Bophuthatswana
		Arms: Upon a Tswana shield per fess (at nombril point) gules and vert a mine headgear in chief and, in base, three heads of mabele seeded in bend dexter and, sinister a bull’s head caboshed in bend sinister, all or.
		The Tswana shield is a small one, perhaps 300 mm across, used in the stick-fighting exercises that are traditional in both Sotho and Nguni cultures.
		The tribal trust lands which made up Bophuthatswana were to be found in three provinces of pre-1994 South Africa: the traditional Tswana lands were spread across the far north of the Cape Province and the west of the Transvaal, right across to the middle of the Transvaal Province.
	www.geocities.com /haigariep/BopE.html (1166 words)

	El Negro: Some questions and answers on Batlhaping
		The word Tswana probably means "from the same" or "together", so the word probably originates from southern Tswana telling foreigners that some people (but not others) in the north were the same (or of similar origins) as themselves.
		Tswana village kgotla (court or forum) on the Vaal (Tikwe) River in the mid 19th century
		Tswana village near the Orange (Ntshu) River, from a sketch by Samuel Daniell in 1801.
	ubh.tripod.com /afhist/elnegro/eln02.htm (1167 words)

	Botswana History Page 1: Brief History of Botswana
		The main Tswana (Central Sotho) dynasties of the Hurutshe, Kwena and Kgatla were derived from the Phofu dynasty, which broke up in its western Transvaal home in the 1500-1600 period.
		The Tswana states of the Ngwaketse, Kwena, Ngwato and Ngwato were reconstituted in the 1840s after the wars passed.
		In 1885 the British proclaimed a protectorate over their Tswana allies, as far north as the Ngwato; and the protectorate was extended to the Tawana and the Chobe River in 1890.
	www.thuto.org /ubh/bw/bhp1.htm (3622 words)

	Van Rooy: Word-final devoicing by Tswana and Afrikaans speakers of English
		Tswana does not allow final consonants in its syllable structure, and consequently, the application or not of final devoicing is supposedly irrelevant to a Tswana speaker.
		Comparing the two different language groups, one finds that for Tswana speakers, only the voicing into closure and closure durations are significant at the level of p<0.05, while all parameters except the fricative duration are significant at the level of p<0.05 for the Afrikaans speakers.
		Even though the phonotactic structure of Tswana does not allow for final non-sonorant consonants, the constraint on word-final non-sonorants is still present, and when Tswana speakers have to deal with another language in which such structures are found, the tendency to devoice them, is activated.
	www.und.ac.za /und/ling/archive/rooy-01.html (3882 words)

	Tswana Safaris \| Botswana \| Hunting Safaris
		The Tuli Block is situated in the North Eastern part of Botswana - a fertile strip of privately owned land along the Limpopo River.
		It is in this area that Tswana Safaris has exclusive hunting rights over 25 000 acres, including nine kilometers of Limpopo river frontage.
		A glance through the record books will show you that this area has some of finest trophies to be found anywhere in Africa and has earned its reputation as the continent's finest antelope hunting area.
	www.tswanasafaris.com (199 words)

	Tswana OCR, Tswana Reference, Tswana Software - Windows,
		Tswana, more correctly called Setswana, is another of the Bantu languages of southern Africa.
		Its speakers, the Tswana, number about 4 million—3 million of whom live in South Africa, and one million in the neighboring country of Botswana, which is named after them.
		Tswana is closely related to the Sotho language and, in fact, is often referred to as Western Sotho.
	www.worldlanguage.com /Languages/Tswana.htm (146 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Issues The practical realization of the three laws is that the Tswana speaking tribes are consulted on decisions affecting their lives through their chiefs, and have sovereignty over and group rights to land, have their language used in education, the national radio and other social domains.
		All non Tswana groups are not recognized hence denied of all these fundamental human rights enshrined in the UN Declaration on the Rights of Persons belonging to Minorities (UNDM), the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR, article 7) and the International Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD, article 5).
		The Non Tswana wishing to designate their chiefs in accordance with their customs should do so without permission from the Tswana speaking chiefs they share the same territory with, and such chiefs should be recognized by the State.
	www.unhchr.ch /minorities/statements10/MCB3a.doc (1636 words)

	OAFE - Realm of the Claw: Tswana and Tare review
		The leaders of the warring factions were brothers Tare and Tswana.
		Tswana's weapons include a large axe and a wooden shield.
		Tare's base is the twin to Tswana's: again, a series of mossy fallen trees.
	www.oafe.net /yo/rotc1.php (681 words)

	tswana
		The ‘tswana’ in Botswana (the country) and Bophuthatswana (the former ‘Bantustan’; of apartheid South Africa) is of course the Tswana nation.
		Although not every member of a merafe is from the same ethnic group, Tswana is by far the numerically dominant nation in the country (the national language of which is Setswana) and the chief (kgosi) of each merafe is Tswana and even in a modern world still plays a central role in community life.
		The centre for the exploration of Botswana’s Okavango Delta is Maun, a small town at the southern extremity of the ‘swamps’ and Tswana culture is very apparent here, as it is in Shorobe, a village about half an hour distant and the home of many CC Africa staff from Nxabega and Sandibe lodges.
	www.wildwatch.com /resources/other/tswana.asp (765 words)

	Search Results for Tswana - Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Tswana comprise several groupings, the most important of which, numerically speaking, are the Hurutshe,...
		The dominant ethnic identity in Botswana is Tswana.
		Settled by the Tswana people in 1871, Mochudi is the administrative seat of the chief of the...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=Tswana&submit=Find&source=MWTAB (301 words)

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