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Topic: Tuatara

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	Tuatara
		Tuatara are regarded as the messengers of Whiro, the god of death and disaster.
		Tuatara thrive in much lower temperatures than are tolerated by most reptiles, preferring temperatures of 60 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit (16-21 C); temperatures over 80 (27) degrees are fatal.
		Tuatara are notoriously cryptic, and hibernate in winter.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/t/tu/tuatara.html (468 words)

	New Zealand's Tuatara
		Tuatara are the last surviving members of a family which stretches right back to the Mesozoic, to the beginning of the Age of Reptiles.
		Tuatara can co-exist with Kiore under favourable conditions, and does today on some Tuatara islands with a greatly reduced population, but when conditions are less favourable looses the battle, and on at least one island has become extinct as a result of Kiore activity.
		Tuatara is known scientifically as a 'living fossil', a distinction shared with a few other species including the coelacanth fish, the horseshoe crab, and the native frogs of New Zealand, which have apparently changed little from extraordinarily ancient origins.
	www.geocities.com /RainForest/6525/tuatara.html (744 words)

	Education Fact Sheets - Tuatara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tuataras are not lizards and one of the features that distinguish them from lizards are their teeth - they have a single row of serration like teeth on the lower jaw which fits between two upper rows of teeth on the upper jaw and the palate.
		Tuatara's live for at least 60 - 70 years but it is possible tuataras can live for as long as 100 or more years.
		Tuataras are mainly nocturnal and remain in their burrows during the day and prowls at night, when the temperature drops sharply and cold gusts of wind sweep over the islands.
	www.arazpa.org.au /Education_FactSheets_Tuatara.htm (933 words)

	Tuatara -- the reptile that won't evolve
		Tuataras, the New Zealand reptiles, are evidence against the theory of evolution.
		Tuataras can reach a length of 60 centimeters (two feet), and often share their burrow with a bird —; the petrel.
		The tuatara doesn't reach maturity until it is 20 years old, and it continues to grow until it is 50.
	www.users.bigpond.com /rdoolan/tuatara.html (319 words)

	Tuatara's eclectic jams form organized chaos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tuatara is also the backup band on his solo debut, "West," which Buck co-wrote and produced.
		His melancholy was a great contrast to the high-voltage jams of Tuatara, as the intimacy of his voice was to their instrumental soundscapes.
		Tuatara played the Gallery Theatre in support of their new instrumental, jazz-influenced album, "Breaking the Ethers." (l- r) Barrett Martin, Skerik, Justin Harwood, and Peter Buck.
	www.dailybruin.ucla.edu /DB/issues/97/05.15/ae.tuatara.html (1448 words)

	Tuatara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tuatara are rare, medium-sized reptiles (adults ranging from about 300g to 1000g) found only in New Zealand, They are the only extant members of the Order Sphenodontia, which was well represented by many species during the age of the dinosaurs, some 200 million years ago.
		Tuatara are therefore of huge international interest to biologists and are also recognised internationally and within New Zealand as species in need of active conservation management.
		The islands are usually occupied by colonies of breeding seabirds that contribute to the fertility and hence the richness of invertebrate and lizard fauna needed by tuatara.
	www.doc.govt.nz /Conservation/001~Plants-and-Animals/001~Native-Animals/Tuatara.asp (428 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Tuatara
		Tuatara used to range throughout both the main islands of New Zealand, but today are restricted to 30 small islands.
		Tuatara eggs have a very long incubation period, taking 12 to 15 months to hatch, because development of the embryo ceases altogether during the winter.
		Tuatara are known as living fossils because of the very similar species that lived in the Jurassic - for instance Homoeosaurus.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/3052.shtml (580 words)

	Rat eradication precedes tuatara’s return (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tuatara were actually thought to be extinct on Hauturu until a small number were rediscovered in the 1990s.
		The young tuatara won't begin to breed for another six or seven years, but once this happens, the population will be away.
		The tuatara is the last representative on Earth of reptiles which appeared at the same time the dinosaurs were evolving, around 220 million years ago.
	www.talkwildlife.citymax.com /page/page/941268.htm (398 words)

	Digimorph - Sphenodon punctatus (tuatara) - adult
		Sphenodon species, also known as tuataras, are the sole living representatives of Rhynchocephalia, the sister taxon to Squamata (the clade that includes lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians; e.g., Ctenosaura pectinata, Gerrhosaurus major, Rhineura sp.
		Tuataras do not reproduce until they are 12-15 years old, and even then, they reproduce only once every four years.
		The tuatara, although superficially resembling a lizard, lacks the external tympanum, femoral pores, and paired evertible hemipenes that lizards possess.
	www.digimorph.org /specimens/Sphenodon_punctatus/adult (630 words)

	The Science Show: 30 October 2004 - Tuatara
		Tuatara are charming little reptiles which once occurred all over New Zealand but are now found only on three or four islands which are free of rats & other introduced predators.
		Tuatara are the sole survivor of a lineage that dates back 240 or 250 million years and they once occurred all over the world.
		Charles Daugherty: Tuatara are a sort of medium-sized reptile, a bit bigger than a sleepy lizard, largely nocturnal in their habits and they once occurred throughout all of New Zealand and they now only occur on about 33 or 4 offshore islands because of rats and other introduced mammals.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/science/ss/stories/s1228637.htm (1166 words)

	San Diego Zoo's Animal Bytes: Tuatara
		The tuatara’s closest relatives are an extinct group of reptiles that were around at the time of the dinosaurs.
		The tuataras at the San Diego Zoo are fed earthworms and crickets.
		Tuatara hatchlings are on their own as soon as they break out of their eggs, as the mother does not stay to protect the eggs or her babies.
	www.sandiegozoo.org /animalbytes/t-tuatara.html (1066 words)

	TerraNature \| New Zealand Ecology - Tuatara
		Tuatara reach a peak of activity when their body temperature is 12 to 17 degrees centigrade, the lowest warmth requirement of any reptile.
		Tuatara are primarily nocturnal, but like to spend part of the day basking in the sun outside their burrow.
		Tuatara can be seen sunbathing next to trails on Tiritiri Matangi Island, since 60 were moved to the reserve from the Mercury Islands in 2003.
	www.terranature.org /tuatara.htm (744 words)

	AllRefer.com - tuatara (Vertebrate Zoology) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tuataras lived on the mainland of New Zealand before the arrival of the Maoris but either were exterminated by hunting or died out as a result of the altered environment.
		Captive tuataras mature in about 20 years, and it appears that their life span may exceed a century.
		Tuataras are classified in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, class Reptilia, order Rhynchocephalia.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/tuatara.html (330 words)

	More about the New Zealand Tuatara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tuatara once lived throughout the mainland of New Zealand but have survived in the wild only on 32 offshore islands.
		There is information given on tuatara behaviour and ecology and the reasons for the decline of this species in the wild.
		Tuatara are not true lizards and are the only living member of their order.
	www.mtbruce.org.nz /tuatara_more.htm (600 words)

	The New Zealand native Tuatara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In New Zealand Tuatara are protected by law and a recovery programme is in place to maintain and increase their population.
		Tuatara have a primitive body structure that supports the theory that they are one of the oldest and most un-evolved species, having hardly changed in the past 220 million years.
		Tuatara have a scaly loose skin which is soft to the touch.
	www.nzefleece.com /tuatara.html (255 words)

	Science News: Return of the tuatara: a relict from the age of dinosaurs gets a human assist - reptile conservation ...
		Tuatara, spiny cousins of lizards, are among the coldest of the cold-blooded reptiles, living on brisk, wind-whipped islands off the mainland of New Zealand.
		"Tuatara are sit-and-wait predators," says Daugherty "They sit in front of their burrow all night, in a sort of advertising display [to ward off] other tuatara, and hoping a food item will wander by" They aren't fussy about what they eat: skinks, worms, giant weta crickets, even young tuatara or birds--anything that moves.
		On one island, tuatara, that were individually identified in the 1940s as fully grown adults are "still alive, still breeding, still the same size, and looking right in the pink of health," says Daugherty.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n19_v152/ai_19997844 (1513 words)

	Tuatara
		The main cause of the tuatara decline is the rat (in its three forms), the Maori 'kiore' being the most likely culprit in decimating populations.
		Tuatara can take up to 2 years to produce an egg, and then another 10 before breeding age is attained, the rat by eating young tuatara (or eggs) would effectively destroy a whole generation of the reptile.
		Tuatara eat live prey, bird eggs, birds young and old, weta's, and in the pre-history of NZ Leiopelma frogs would likely to have been in the diet.
	www.vuw.ac.nz /staff/bruce_norris/tuatara.htm (494 words)

	tuatara -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Structurally, the tuatara is not much different from related forms, also assigned to the order Rhynchocephalia, that may have appeared as early as the Late Triassic Epoch (about 227 to 206 million years ago).
		The tuatara also has a bony arch, low on the skull behind the eye, that is not found in lizards.
		Lizardlike animals with a scaly crest, the tuataras are confined to a few rocky islands of New Zealand.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9110253 (622 words)

	Tuatara Reptile, New Zealand
		Tuatara now only lives on predator-free outlying islands, but can be seen on the mainland, in "protective custody." The best place to find them is at the Invercargill Museum where a small colony of live reptiles lives in a small bush setting, behind glass.
		Tuataras emerge from burrows, often at night, to eat any animal they can: mostly insects such as wetas, also worms, slugs and millipedes.
		Tuataras hibernate - or at least are dormant in their burrows in winter.
	nzphoto.tripod.com /animal/tuatara.htm (2188 words)

	Tuatara Conservation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The islands are now rat-free and all the tuatara removed will be returned to their homes, plus some tuatara that were born in captivity while the rats were being removed.
		Tuatara bred in captivity are released when they will be able to fend for themselves, usually at about 5 years old.
		Tuatara are bred in captivity at Victoria University of Wellington, Southland Museum in Invercargill and at Auckland Zoo.
	www.kcc.org.nz /animals/tuatara/conservation.asp (551 words)

	The Cold Blooded News - Vol.29, No.4, Apr. 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		If the difference was found to be significant, this would indicate the sex of tuatara was determined not only by temperature during incubation, but also by genetics and the interplay between the two.
		"A study of tuatara chromosomes published in the 1960s did not show obvious sex chromosomes, like X and Y that humans have, so it has been assumed their sex is not determined by genetics," he said.
		Tuatara have no copulatory organs, so it usually takes up to eight years to determine their sex.
	coloherp.org /cb-news/Vol-29/cbn-0204/Tuatara.php (526 words)

	Tuatara
		Tuatara are the only living members of an ancient order of reptiles that evolved around 225 million years ago.
		Tuatara have remained the same over 80 million years due to New Zealandâs isolation, and this may be the reason they still survive.
		Adult tuatara are mainly nocturnal but the young come out during the day until they are about six months old, which reduces the chances of being eaten by an adult tuatara.
	www.wellingtonzoo.com /animals/animals/reptiles/tuatara.html (584 words)

	Tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tuataras are found on approximately 30 small, relatively inaccessible islands off the coast of New Zealand.
		Tuataras differ from other reptiles by possessing a third eye that contains a rudimentary lens and retina and is connected to the brain by a nerve.
		Tuataras also differ from other animals, in their enormously slow reproduction rate.
	www.cogsci.indiana.edu /farg/harry/bio/zoo/tuatarap.htm (301 words)

	Tuatara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The tuatara is a very ancient lizard-like reptile that has been around since the Lower Triassic period, about 200 million years ago.
		By the middle of the 19th centuary the tuatara was extinct on the main islands of New Zeland and now lives only on the waterless islands offshore.
		The tuatara is a nocturnal animal which feeds on earthworms, slugs, snails, insects, and occasionaly a small vertebrate.
	sciweb.onysd.wednet.edu /academics/science/subjects/zoology/herpetology/tuatara.html (356 words)

	New Zealand Natural History Guide Book - The Tuatara
		The tuatara is the most ancient of all living reptiles.
		Tuataras were once found all over New Zealand but now they only survive on offshore islands because of the rodents, wild cats and pigs that were introduced to the mainland.
		This population is one of the focuses of the NZ Department of Conservation's tuatara recovery plan - juveniles are being headstarted in captivity to be released on other islands to ensure more wild populations, as well as a permanent (?) captive colony.
	nz.com /NZ/Geography/TuataraFacts.html (559 words)

	tuatara-southland-museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the late 1880's the Museum was part of the Invercargill Athenaeum (library) and early records show that a tuatara roamed the shelves as a live exhibit for several years.
		In the 1940's applications to the Government to obtain live tuatara were declined, but with persistence the Museum finally received a large male in 1961, named George and in 1965 a mate for him, named Stephanie.
		In 1991 we received a colony of juvenile Brothers Island sub-species, tuatara (sphenodon punctasus guntheri) to rear and establish as a captive colony.
	www.southlandmuseum.com /tuatara-southland-museum.htm (220 words)

	Tuatara, Mount Bruce National Wildlife Centre, Department of Conservation, DOC, New Zealand. New Zealand gifts.
		The stylished tuatara he makes are similar to the ones you can see on a 5 cent piece, as Greg used this design for his own tuatara designs...
		Tuatara are protected by law and a recovery programme is in place to maintain and increase their population.
		Tuatara are reptiles but they are very different to lizards, crocodiles and amphibians (frogs, salamanders).
	www.aotearoa.co.nz /tuatara/about.htm (441 words)

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