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Topic: Tucson Garbage Project

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William Rathje

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	PlasticsResource.org - Five Major Myths About Garbage and Why They're Wrong
		But the work of the Garbage Project underscores a second problem, one that helps explain why we have been unable to deal with the first problem: much conventional wisdom about garbage and its disposal consists of myths and assertions that turn out, upon investigation, to be misleading-or dead wrong.
		In landfill after landfill excavated by the Garbage Project, the volume of all plastics-foam, film and rigid; toys, utensils and packages-amounted to between 20 and 24 percent of all garbage, as sorted; when compacted along with everything else, as it is in landfills, the volume of plastics fell to only about 16 percent.
		Garbage Project sortings of large amounts of household garbage in Milwaukee during the late '70s found that households there threw out garbage at a rate of about a pound and a half per person per day.
	www.plasticsresource.com /s_plasticsresource/doc.asp?TRACKID=&DID=487&CID=175&rcss=print (4076 words)

	Tucson Garbage Project - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Tucson Garbage Project is an archaeological and sociological study instituted in 1973 by Dr. William Rathje in the city of Tucson in the Southwestern American state of Arizona.
		Rathje and his students studied the contents of Tucson residents' refuse in order to examine patterns of consumption.
		The project has since expanded to other American cities and has undertaken excavation of landfill sites.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Tucson_Garbage_Project (182 words)

	Garbage, Garbology --- Part II
		Garbage data on beef were collected over a period of fifteen months, from the spring of 1973 through the spring of 1974, and the numbers, when analyzed, revealed a strange pattern.
		This hypothesis was buttressed by the discovery in some Tucson garbage samples, during the shortage months, of a few whole cuts of beef, which it is very likely had spoiled prior to being discarded.
		Fate smiled on the Garbage Project in the spring of 1975 by unleashing a sugar shortage.
	www.ralphmag.org /AY/garbology-two.html (1137 words)

	Days of Caring 2005 Companies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Tucson Audubon Society is dedicated to improving the quality of the environment by providing educational and recreational programs, environmental leadership and information.
		Tucson Urban League strives for social and economic equality by advocating for better race relations and by assisting individuals, families and neighborhoods by providing tools to help them realize their goals.
		Project AMOR is a nonprofit organization that focuses on providing a multitude of early intervention services and Service Coordination to families with infants, toddlers and children to 18 years old having developmental delays.
	www.unitedwaytucson.org /partners/days06_companies.htm (7326 words)

	Tucson Water, garbage service poised to merge \| www.azstarnet.com ®
		Tucson Water Director David Modeer would also oversee the city's garbage, landfill and recycling programs under a proposal headed to the City Council on Monday.
		Joan Lionetti, executive director of Tucson Clean and Beautiful, said the city was rushing into a bad decision that would overstretch Tucson Water and diminish efforts to improve recycling.
		Environmental Services is also studying a possible "pay-as-you-throw" system for garbage in which residents would be charged more for larger containers and less for smaller ones, giving them a financial incentive to cut down on their trash and recycle more.
	www.azstarnet.com /sn/printDS/52084 (571 words)

	Tucson Weekly: Garbage In, Money Out (January 10 - January 16, 2002)
		Instead, Hoenig was proposing that Tucson use a process that would add liquid to a landfill was free of construction material, automobile parts and similar items in order to accelerate the breakdown of the garbage.
		While current landfills shrink at a glacial pace, in its current test project Yolo County has seen a 25 percent reduction in three years, results that Augenstein labels "spectacular." That means a lot more garbage can be piled in the same amount of space.
		The current pilot project is a 50-by-50-foot area doused with 400 gallons of water a day; eventually the process could be expanded to a surrounding 5-acre site.
	www.tucsonweekly.com /tw/2002-01-10/curr4.html (1087 words)

	Symmetrical Archaeology: The Garbage Project & "The Archaeology of Us"
		What has set the Garbage Project apart from other behavioral science researchers is that all of its studies have been grounded in the hands-on sorting of quantifiable bits and pieces of garbage in place of collecting data through interview-surveys, government documents, or industry records.
		Garbage Project analyses of landfilled refuse developed out of a traditional archaeological research question: direct interpretations of waste generation behaviors are possible with Fresh Sort data because the refuse can be assigned a precise provenience (a household pickup within a specific census tract) and date of discard.
		Garbage Project data indicates that a substantial quantity of “raw” organics -- food and yard wastes -- biodegrade within the first fifteen years and are the source of most landfill methane.
	traumwerk.stanford.edu:3455 /Symmetry/174 (6865 words)

	Archaeology
		Modern archaeology is the study of modern society using archaeological methods, eg the Tucson Garbage Project.
		CRM is conducted by private companies that bid for projects by submitting proposals outlining the work to be done and an expected budget.
		Archaeological excavation existed when the field was still the domain of amateurs, and it remains the source of the majority of data recovered in most field projects.
	www.starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/a/ar/archaeology.html (5987 words)

	MSW Management \| Beyond the Pail
		It was recorded in the fall of 1974 and, like the other 20,000-plus samples of household discards that Garbage Project sorters have recorded, came from the trash one household had put out on a biweekly collection day.
		When asked during the 1970s to report on their beer consumption for a health survey, 70-80% of the respondents in a typical Tucson neighborhood reported no consumption by any household member (at home or away) during an average week, 20% or so reported total household consumption at seven or fewer 12-oz.
		The "surrogate syndrome" states that if a respondent reports personal drinking, then all reports of alcohol use from that source are likely to be underreports; on the other hand, if the respondent reports no personal use of alcoholic beverages, then he or she is likely to tattle on housemates with chilling accuracy.
	www.forester.net /msw_0007_beyond.html (686 words)

	Government Garbage
		To test that, for seven years the Garbage Project examined 9,000 loads of refuse in Tucson, Arizona, from a variety of neighborhoods.
		Some liberal economists claim prices can't solve the garbage problem because of 'external diseconomies." Since greedy capitalists are out to make a fast buck, the theory goes, they produce goods that impose costs external to their businesses, i.e., trash.
		Only the free market will solve the garbage problem, and that means abolishing not only socialism, but the somewhat more efficient municipal fascist systems where one politically favored contractor gets the job.
	www.lewrockwell.com /archives/fm/02-90.html (1122 words)

	William Rathje
		Rathje is probably best known for his development of the Garbage Project, which he established in 1973 at the University of Arizona.
		Through this project he was able to apply modern-day archaeological techniques to the present day waste, that is, either in the form of fresh household discards or garbage that had been placed in a landfill.
		The Garbage Project explored fresh garbage and landfills across the United States and in Canada, Mexico City and Sydney, Australia.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/information/biography/pqrst/rathje_william.html (639 words)

	Tucson, Arizona - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tucson's new reliance on the CAP canal, which passes more than 300 miles (480 km) across the desert from the Colorado River, casts doubt over "sustainability" claims even at current population levels.
		Tucson is divided between the 7th and 8th congressional districts of Arizona.
		Tucson has a substantial population of cyclists, created in part by significant parking problems around the University of Arizona, a commitment to bike lanes and educational work by the City, and the compatible climate for cycling.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tucson (6856 words)

	MSW Management \| Beyond The Pail
		The Garbage Project researchers found the most interesting results among six types of foods (and drinks), all with strong and differing attitudes associated with them in mainstream Mexican and United States cultures --- meats, breads (sliced and tortillas), breakfast cereals, caffeine drinks, soft drinks, and convenience foods.
		Tucson Mexican-American households, on average, are about 25% larger than Tucson Anglo households, so we expected that they might buy as much red meat as Anglo households.
		Tucson’s Mexican-Americans seem to be developing a new cultural style of their own.
	www.forester.net /mw_0507_beyond.html (1388 words)

	Anatomy of a Landfill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Once a garbage truck is full of curbside trash, it heads to the sanitary landfill to dump its load, then heads back out to the neighborhoods to pick up more.
		Rotting organic garbage produces a gas called methane, which is the primary ingredient in the kind of gas that is used for creating electricity or for heating and cooking in homes.
		In landfills, where huge masses of garbage are decomposing in an enclosed area, there is a danger of methane fires or even explosions.
	www.goerie.com /nietalkintrash/anatomy_of_a_landfill.html (834 words)

	The Fascinating World of Trash PETER T. WHITE / Photographs by LOUIE PSIHOYOS / National Geographic v.163, n.4, 1apr1983
		WHEN I FIRST HEARD of it, I could hardly believe it—that after the garbage is collected twice a week in the city of Tucson, some of those big plastic bags are opened and the contents painstakingly examined, classified, weighed, and recorded by students from the University of Arizona.
		The garbage we examine is grouped by individual households, but, for the sake of individual privacy, these are never identified by name or ad-dress; instead, the recording is done by census tracts, care-fully chosen because they are inhabited by identifiable socioeconomic groups.
		DICTIONARIES define garbage as food waste, refuse, trash, material that's useless or unwanted; the mayors and county officials responsible for dealing with what their constituents throw away call it municipal solid waste.
	www.mindfully.org /Sustainability/Trash-Garbage-Junk1apr83.htm (6330 words)

	GEOG 178: Rathje article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The other garbage sorters and I were surprised to find a great deal of once-edible beef thrown out during that season.
		At the Garbage Project, our discovery led us to what we called the First Principle of Food Waste: The more frequently and consistently a food is used in a household's diet, the lower the rate of waste of that food.
		It wasn't long before Garbage Project hazardous-waste specialist Doug Wilson began to see a First Principle of Household Maintenance Waste: The more frequently and consistently a household uses a maintenance product, the lower the rate of its waste.
	www.uwec.edu /faulkndj/g178/articles/Garbage-Rathje.htm (778 words)

	Celebrating Tucson's washes \| www.azstarnet.com ®
		When a group of Tucson artists, led by East Side resident Betty Trimm, set out to capture the beauty of the city's washes, they discovered places they didn't even know were there - and learned more than a few lessons about the environment and life.
		The Tucson Department of Transportation, which is also behind the exhibition, issued detailed directions to the artists about what washes they should paint.
		Jean Beck, another of the exhibiting artists, who usually paints at the likes of Tohono Chul Park and Tucson Botanical Gardens, said it was an eye-opening experience.
	www.azstarnet.com /sn/printDS/25087 (724 words)

	SCERP Project Number: WA95-8
		Lastly, water systems in the four counties identified as have extensive violation problems should be studies carefully and corrective actions implemented.
		This research project provides an assessment of drinking water systems for the entire border region.
		Tadayon (1995a, 1995b) conducted an assessment of groundwater quality in the Rillito Creek basin in Tucson, Arizona from 1992 to 1994.
	www.scerp.org /projects/WQ95_8.html (9569 words)

	Programs & Projects : Urban Planning & Design, Tucson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Annexation is the process by which a municipality, such as the City of Tucson, extends its boundary to include neighboring urban areas and future growth areas.
		PARTICIPATION IN CITY ELECTIONS and DECISIONS: Joining the City of Tucson gives you a voice in decisions and issues that are governed by the City of Tucson, many of which impact the entire valley.
		The City of Tucson will attempt to meet individually with each property owner in an annexation area to answer annexation questions and ask them if they would like to sign a petition in favor of annexation.
	www.tucsonaz.gov /planning/prog_proj/projects/annexation/annexation101.html (1264 words)

	Super Size It, Part I
		A nice example of this disconnect comes from a clever study known as the Garbage Project, the work of University of Arizona archaeologists William Rathje and Cullen Murphy.
		While the garbage was being classified, another study team interviewed Tucson residents and asked them to describe their eating habits.
		The project found that people underestimated their intake of sugar by 94 percent, popcorn by 81 percent and candy by 80 percent.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/gate/archive/2002/06/24/dresupersize.DTL&type=printable (1145 words)

	The Center for Urban Pedagogy
		Place in History is a nonprofit organization that sponsors collaborative projects addressing urban history, urban planning, and the physical and social fabric of the city.
		Project Projects designs print, environmental, and interactive projects for arts and culture organizations.
		The Real Cost of Prisons Project brings together justice activists, political economists, artists, justice policy researchers, and people directly experiencing the impact of mass incarceration to create popular education workshops and materials which explore both the immediate and long-term costs of incarceration.
	www.anothercupdevelopment.org /resources (1974 words)

	Sovereign Grace Ministries Family News: Church Life Archives
		Serving the members of Lakeview Christian Center, the team cleaned flooded homes, removed garbage and damaged furniture, painted homes, and more.
		Tucson, AZ >> October 8–9 was a big weekend for three churches.
		We're happy to report that the project is back on track.
	www.sovereigngracefamilynews.org /extra/church_life (1986 words)

	Freecycle.org \| NetSquared, a project of TechSoup.org
		We need to hook up our project manager with Silicon Valley folks who speak the same sort of language as him as much as possible during his brief visit here in the US from Birmingham, UK.
		You may have trouble with an influx of new members who just post their wants, but my experience with FreeCycle suggests that this is common to most new members; having greater visibility will amplify the problem, of course, but that's the price of growth.
		I asked Jennifer Brandon to respond to this project and here is what she said: This idea has significant social impact and potential.
	www.netsquared.org /projects/proposals/freecycle-org (3763 words)

	THE BEAR DEN - Comments from Visitors
		I was able to help an eighth grader get the information she needed for a major school project on the fl bear.
		My ten year decided to do his science project on bears this year to try to let people know how important it is to learn how to live along side these beautiful animals and manage them wisely as their habitat continues to diminish.
		We live in Alaska and are used to being around bears (especially in our garbage) but every little thing we learn makes it a safer situation for both us and the bears.
	7thfloormedia.com /projects/exwork/best/bearden/comments.htm (3488 words)

	Project Firebirds Lot#4
		This section is a place for individuals to showcase their projects.
		Then it was off to the QEW Highway where the car easily hit and exceeded 100 miles an hour, and it was then that I believed Al and the car's odometer: 56000 original miles.
		Once in while someone sends in an entry for the Project Lots (such as this) and you just have to shake your head and wonder how in the world did this car get this bad.
	www.firebirdgallery.com /projlot4.htm (2321 words)

	Rotten Truth (About Garbage): Garbage Timeline
		The citizens of Alexandria, Virginia, are disgusted by the sight of bargeloads of garbage floating down the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. They take to sinking the barges upriver from their community.
		The garbage (mostly paper) is finally incinerated in Brooklyn and the ash buried in a landfill near Islip.
		The Garbage Project at the University of Arizona, Tucson, begins to excavate modern landfills as if they were ancient archaeological sites.
	www.astc.org /exhibitions/rotten/timeline.htm (2949 words)

	Session 5 - Disposal
		He dug through layers of garbage in one of the world’s largest landfills, in New York City.
		The idea of a landfill is to bury the garbage in a pit.
		But much of the garbage is packed so tightly and kept so dry that very little can break down.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /kidsnetwork/trash/session_05.html (813 words)

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