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	Tudeh Party of Iran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tudeh was a major political party in Iran, prior to the purges during the regime of Ruhollah Khomeini.
		The Communist Party of Iran was founded in June of 1920 in Bandar-e Anzali, in the province of Gilan, as a result of the first congress of Iranian social democrats.
		In 1965 the party faced a second division between the mainstream of the organization and the splinter faction which advocated violent struggle against the government by arming the tribes of southern Iran.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tudeh (1319 words)

	English Pages of the Tudeh Party of Iran
		Tudeh Party of Iran Strongly Condemns the Death in Prison, of Student Activist Akbar Mohammadi August 06
		Statement of the Central Committee of the Tudeh Party of Iran for the Anniversary of the Party's Foundation - October 2005
		Tudeh Party of Iran condemns the outrageous assault of regime's
	www.tudehpartyiran.org /english.htm (421 words)

	History of Iran: State of paralysis (Tudeh factionalism and the 1953 coup)
		Tudeh's relationship with the Soviet Union, the party's violent attacks on Mosaddeq during 1951-1952, the party's loss of initiative during 1952-1953, and the strength of the Military Organization are either ignored or played down.
		The official Tudeh reaction to the issue of the causes of the party failure came during the party's historic fourth plenum, held in Moscow in July 1957.
		The party blamed the leadership's weakness on the lack of internal democracy in the party, the lack of close bonds between the leadership and the party members, and the low level of theoretical knowledge of the leadership and the existence of deep differences among party leaders.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/articles/state_of_paralysis.php (8756 words)

	Those Addressed by the Traitorous Tudeh Party's Central Committee are not the People's Fadaee Guerrillas
		The Party's policy is in accordance with the Party's method, the Party's method is in accordance with its practical tendencies, and its Practical tendencies are in conformity with the Party's class interest.
		We mentioned that the basis of the Tudeh Party movement is collusion and conciliation with the ruling class and we also mentioned that due to the present conditions, this party's disgrace among the masses blocks the possibility of this "Party's" growth through deceiving them.
		In one particular case, the Tudeh Party, believing that mass demonstrations must be orderly and non‑violent, condemned the inevitable outbreak of violence and ascribed it to the conspiracy of SAVAK agents.
	www.siahkal.com /english/tudeh.htm (8166 words)

	Tudehii Thinking, the Barrier of Iranian Opposition
		And the approach of Pahlavi regime was that Tudeh Party acted as the spy of the Soviets trying to replace the British and American influence with the Soviet influence.
		A decade later, with the fall of the Soviet Union, the remainders of Tudeh Party were as different as the remainders of all other groups of the left.
		Although it is true that political parties also do educational and journalistic works, but their goal of doing them all is to take power, and they should not be unclear about it, and to be shy of announcing their goal.
	www.ghandchi.com /367-tudehiiEng.htm (702 words)

	THE IRANIAN: History, Tudeh & 1953 coup, Maziar Behrooz
		Tudeh's relationship with the Soviet Union, the party's violent attacks on Musaddiq during 1951-1952, the party's loss of initiative during 1952-1953, and the strength of the Military Organization are either ignored or played down.
		THE TUDEH ON THE EVE OF THE COUP
		The party's anti-Musaddiq policy during 1951-1952, promoted mainly by the hard-line faction but which was also initially supported by some moderates, although not exactly similar to the Soviet policy toward Musaddiq, was partially based on misinterpretation of a CPSU policy.
	www.iranian.com /History/2001/November/Tudeh/index.html (8808 words)

	Who was Mansoor Hekmat
		The Tudeh Party, The Aksariyyat (Majority), the Three-worldist Maoists, and the Trotskyists joined either this or that faction of the regime, and the populist-socialist organizations such as Peykar and Razmandegan plunged into crisis and, like Komala, came to a dead end.
		He wanted the Communist Party of Iran to be the organized section of the worker-communist movement, or, as he put it, a 'single-stranded' worker-communist party, but he knew that his party was not such a party.
		The formation of the party was an answer to the needs of an independent workers' movement, and the need to give to this movement an organizational dimension, distinct from existing communist and left parties, parties that in fact represent other social movements.
	www.wpiraq.net /english/who_was_mansoor_hekmat.htm (7206 words)

	History of Iran: History of the Tudeh Party of Iran
		The Communist Party of Iran helped to found the Union of the Oil Workers in 1925, when Reza Shah took power and two years later, under increasing pressure from the police, was forced to take the trade union underground.
		The new party leadership, which was endeavoring to unite the ranks of the organisation, launched a theoretical journal, called Donya (the world) in early 1932.
		The Party's first congress was opened on 1st August 1945 in the Party's Central Club with the participation of 164 delegates.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/tudeh/tudeh_party01.php (1326 words)

	The Guardian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Comrade Kianouri was born in 1915 in the town of Nour in Mazandaraan, northern Iran.
		Rather than bringing under question the correctness of the Tudeh Party of Iran, this horrific act exposed the inhuman nature of the regime and its readiness to resort to the most brutal means to claim legitimacy for itself.
		Fearful of the growing influence of the Tudeh Party of Iran among the working people, the regime planned the brutal suppression of the Tudeh Party and the ultimate defeat of the 1979 Revolution.
	www.cpa.org.au /garchve1/980iran.html (459 words)

	CIJOH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		At its inception, the party did not include the famous "Workers of the world unite!" slogan in its bylaws, and focused primarily on an ideological opposition to Nazism and Fascism; a stance that consequently attracted many Jewish intellectuals to the party.
		The Jewish intellectuals' sympathies for the Tudeh party were further fueled by the growing wave of anti-Semitism and sympathy toward Hitler in Iran at that time.
		In 1948/49, the Tudeh party began losing the support of many Iranian Jews, however, as it aligned itself with the Arab countries against the founding of the state of Israel.
	www.cijoh.org /publication/About_Journal_VolumeIV.htm (1346 words)

	Radicalization of the Pre-Revolution Student Movement
		Following the pattern of a Soviet-style Communist party, Tudeh sympathizers began to create student organizations that were ostensibly only pursuing the academic and financial demands of the students, but were in fact political in nature.
		When finally, the Tudeh Party was all but expelled from the Confederation, and when the Front itself turned more and more into a leftist organization, the source of the tensions that hitherto plagued the Confederation dissipated.
		As far as the Front was concerned, the Tudeh Party was guilty of treason in the matter of the nationalization of Iran’s oil industry.
	www.shokat.com /enarticle.htm (3874 words)

	Political Affairs Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Tudeh Party leaders could gain some understanding of their failures by reading these books: (1) Professor Ervand Abrahamian’s The Iranian Mojahedin (2) Anne Singleton’s Saddam’s Private Army (3) Masoud Banisadr’s Masoud: Memoirs of an Iranian Rebel.
		Current Tudeh Party leaders appear to have as little understanding of neoconservatves (neo-Trotskyites), conservatives, and of capitalists as their party’s leaders had of Marxism in the early 1950’s.
		Tudeh Party leaders claim to be true Marxists, yet they fail to explain how they reject Stalin’s totalitarianism.
	www.politicalaffairs.net /forum/message/290/?PrintableVersion=enabled (1622 words)

	Iraqi CP message of greeting on 65th anniversary of Tudeh Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		We convey to you the warmest greetings of Iraqi Communists, on the 65th anniversary of your fraternal party, the Tudeh Party of Iran.
		Our Party continues to call for tackling the security problem through an integrated approach and a package of effective military, political, economic and cultural measures, rather than relying on military means alone.
		The Party has also supported the national reconciliation plan proposed by the government, as a significant and crucial step towards a political settlement that would ensure the interests of all parties, draw more forces into the political process, build up mutual confidence, and reduce sectarian tensions.
	www.iraqcp.org /members4/0061025wwas10e.htm (1448 words)

	The Guardian
		The Tudeh Party of Iran, along with all the supporters of peace in our country, calls upon the people and the working masses of Iran to raise the banner of peace in order to inhibit the ability of the warmongers within and outside our country.
		The Tudeh Party of Iran believes that the working masses of the world can stop this dangerous adventurism.
		The Tudeh Party of Iran is asking its members, supporters and friends, wherever they are, to fully support the anti-war movement.
	www.cpa.org.au /garchve03/1133tudeh.html (840 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Central Committee of the Tudeh Party of Iran unreservedly condemns these inhuman actions of the dictatorial regime in Baghdad and declares its continued militant solidarity with the heroic people of Iraq, all progressive and patriotic political forces fighting for establishment of democracy and human tights in Iraq and in particular the Iraqi Communist Party.
		The Central Committee of the Tudeh Party of Iran resolutely condemns inhumane actions of the dictatorial regime in Baghdad and declares its continued militant solidarity with the heroic people of Iraq, all progressive and patriotic political forces fighting for establishment of democracy and human rights in Iraq and in particular the fraternal Iraqi Communist Party.
		The Central Committee of the Tudeh Party of Iran resolved to issue an appeal addressed to the UN and other world agencies concerned with human rights demanding urgent action to stem this wave of executions.
	www.kke.gr /cpg/solid/iran/iran7_98.html (479 words)

	The Iranian: Iranica TOC
		Donya was revived as the theoretical organ of the Tudeh Party in exile in 1960 and was published in Europe until 1974; the contributors were anonymous.
		After the Tudeh Party was banned in Persia a fifth series of Donya began irregular publication in Germany in 1984 but also carried an address in Stockholm.
		Complete runs exist in some European and American libraries, but, because the Tudeh Party and its publications were usually banned in Persia, only the fourth series, which was published in Tehran, can be found in Persian libraries.
	www.iranian.com /Iranica/July97/Donya/index.html (662 words)

	Iranian Tudeh Party on Situation in Iran
		It is, therefore, of critical importance to pay heed to the words of the Tudeh Party of Iran in their current analysis of the nature of Iranian policy and their evaluation of the people calling the shots in Teheran.
		Tudeh, of course, operates in dangerous conditions of severe repression.
		Referring to Ahmadinejad, as reaction’s handpicked President, Tudeh analyzes the nature of recent Iranian policy: “Over the recent weeks, Tudeh Party of Iran has warned of the dangerous consequences of the games that the reactionaries play with our national interests.
	www.williambowles.info /iran/tudeh_iran_sitrep.html (557 words)

	History of Iran
		The Tudeh Party was founded by Marxists and was formed at the fall of Reza Shah.
		The Tudeh Party expanded to the north and to the south and grew significantly and they are noted for their labor organization.
		The Tudeh Party allied themselves with newspapers and smaller organizations, and they established a youth section and a women's organization that strived for better working conditions.
	www.skidmore.edu /academics/arthistory/ah369/timeline.htm (1862 words)

	An Obituary of Albert Sohrabian - Veteran Iranian Labour activist
		He attended his political meeting at the age of 13, when a close friend Moradian took him to a meeting of the youth organisation of the Iranian Tudeh party (pro Soviet communist party) and he subsequently joined this organisation.
		In 1946 he came in contact with a group called ‘Krojoukha’ which was critical of the Tudeh Party.
		Although the new organisation identified itself as a force opposed to the Tudeh Party they also rejected guerrilla tactics used by other opponents of the Tudeh Party in the Iranian left and tried to create worker cells in order to propagate communist ideas amongst the working class.
	www.iran-bulletin.org /albert.htm (791 words)

	Calamity of Intellectuals in Iran
		When the second blow is delivered in February 1949, and the the Tudeh Party was banned after an assassination attempt on the life of the young Mohammad Reza Shah many more left the scene in dissapointment.
		Having split from the Tudeh Party, he obstinantly wasted an enormous amount of energy responding to the political blows of that party.
		Of the political leaders Ghazi Mohammad, head of the Kurdistan Democatic Party and briefly president of the Mahabad Republic, is hanged (March 30, 1947).
	www.iran-bulletin.org /art/MOMENI2.html (4445 words)

	People's Weekly World - Tudeh Party condemns Bush’s axis of evil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Tudeh Party (Communist Party) of Iran last week strongly condemned President George Bush’s designation of Iran, Iraq and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea as “the axis of evil” and his threats against the three countries in his Jan. 29 State of the Union address.
		Bush’s statements “have given rise to great concern among all the people of the world,” the Tudeh Party said.
		The statement also warned that “the bankrupt political forces of the former regime” [of the Shah] are also being encouraged by events in neighboring Afghanistan including the return to power of forces close to the exiled king.
	www.pww.org /article/articleprint/606 (459 words)

	TA Book Corner: At the End of the Road (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The story of The Organization of Officers of Tudeh Party of Iran is one of the rare topics in contemporary Iranian history that, compared to other historical issues of the period, has not only been subject to serious research but many of the party members have also left memoirs and writings.
		Like many leftist officers in the army, he became a member of the Tudeh Party in 1946, under the Democratic Party of Azerbaijan branch.
		He was one of the few officers that after the demise of the Democratic Party of Azerbaijan went to Kurdistan instead of emigrating to the Soviet Azerbaijan and resisted government forces for some time along with Molla-Mostafa Barezani.
	www.tehranavenue.com /old/ws_book_end.htm (438 words)

	Political Affairs Magazine - Tudeh Party of Iran Condemns Israeli Military Aggression Against Lebanon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Tudeh Party of Iran Condemns Israeli Military Aggression Against Lebanon
		While declaring our solidarity with people of Palestine and Lebanon and their progressive forces, we seriously demand that solutions for the disputes and discords between the countries of the region be based on dialogue and international conventions.
		Tudeh Party of Iran, along with all the peace-loving and progressive forces of the world, condemns the Israeli aggressive assaults in the recent weeks and demands an immediate stop to all strikes on Lebanon and Gaza strip.
	www.politicalaffairs.net /article/articleview/3855/1/199 (572 words)

	Asia Times -US finds a communist ally against Iran
		The remnants and new adherents of the old pro-Moscow Communist Party of Iran, called the Tudeh Party, and other communist factions, mainly operating from the United Kingdom.
		Iranian students, many of them members of the Tudeh Party, had played an active role against the dictatorial regime of the Shah of Iran and in making the success of the Ayatollah Khomeni-led Islamic revolution possible.
		They were also in the forefront of the anti-US campaign, with many of them playing an active role in the raid on the US embassy in Teheran and the taking of US diplomats as hostages soon after the clerics came to power.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Middle_East/EF21Ak03.html (2300 words)

	People's Weekly World - Iranian party demands end to repression (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In August and September of that fateful year, following the end of the theocratic government’s adventurous and reactionary war against Iraq, the regime unleashed death squads against imprisoned “staunch defenders of the people’s rights,” the Party said in an Aug. 16 statement.
		Thousands of prisoners were killed, including hundreds of leaders and members of the Tudeh Party and other progressive groups, after they were tried a second time by kangaroo courts widely condemned as bogus by international human rights groups.
		Looking at today’s situation, the Party called for “a broad front made up of all anti-dictatorship combatants and the intensification of the struggle throughout the country [to] achieve the dissolution and radical transformation of these bodies along with other fundamental changes necessary for the establishment of freedom and justice in our country.”
	www.pww.org /article/articleprint/5754 (143 words)

	The Tudeh Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This very Tudeh Party leans against the big power of the USSR, and you do know they are spies for a country whose government's age is only sixty odd years, and yet there is no freedom in there, and no political party except their own.
		If we had no evidence proving that these [the Baha¦'is] were spying for the Americans other than Regan's support, and if we had no evidence proving that the Tudeh Party were spies other than the USSR's support, it would have been enough.
		Yet we tell you that neither the Tudeh Party because of their being Tudeh Party, nor the Baha¦'is for their being Baha¦'is, were tried in our courts and convicted.
	www.irib.ir /worldservice/imam/Revolution/43.htm (1740 words)

	MKO'S Promised Land
		I have learned something from the fate of Tudeh Party.
		The same is true for IRI, Monarchists, Nehzat-e Azadi, National Front, Leftist groups, Minority Parties, etc. The issue is whether one likes the ideal of any of these groups, as promised by them.
		End does not justify the means, and my ideal party should not for example use torture for a so-called "higher good", no matter how noble its higher objectives are.
	www.ghandchi.com /109-MKOPromise.htm (1351 words)

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