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	Appendix G - TUFA 2002.10.23
		Stipendiary allocations to replace TUFA members in their first year of retirement under the provisions of a Voluntary Early Retirement Program shall be exempt from this limit.
		If any of the conditions in clauses 1, 2, or 3 are not met in a given academic year, the University shall make such additional appointments as may be necessary to bring the ratio(s) in question to within the specified levels as quickly as possible consistently with the provisions of the Collective Agreement.
		The University and TUFA agree to promptly assemble and share all data needed to implement this Appendix G, and to work together to find ways of implementing the goal adopted by Senate on 18 October, 1988, of reducing the teaching ratio to an average of 80 student courses per faculty member.
	www.trentu.ca /org/tufa/2002-negotiations/apG-TUFA-20021023.html (403 words)

	Tufa Summary
		Tufas and travertines are formed in fluvial environments with a growth rate that can sometimes exceed 0.8 in (2 cm) per year but is seldom smaller than 0.08 in (2 mm) per year.
		Tufa is a rough, thick, rock-like calcium carbonate deposit that forms by precipitation from bodies of water with a high dissolved calcium content.
		Usage note: The rock type "tufa" is commonly confused in name by laypersons with the rock type "tuff", which is a rock formed from welded volcanic ash.
	www.bookrags.com /Tufa (799 words)

	Tufa
		Tufa forms in a variety of ways at Mono Lake, but the most visible and remarkable formations are the towers that grace Mono’s shoreline.
		Many first-time visitors to Mono Lake, unfamiliar with the geologic term "tufa" have been known to ask directions to the "tofu." Your nearest health food store is the best bet, but sometimes the Lee Vining Market will carry it in the summer time.
		Tufa towers are not the only form of tufa at Mono Lake.
	www.monolake.org /naturalhistory/tufa.htm (549 words)

	Aus dem Saft der Sprache ( NZZ Online)
		Tufa dagegen muss schwelgen und alles, aber auch alles sagen; er muss aussprechen, was er sieht und fühlt; und sei es Banales.
		Tufas Menschen hausen in den tiefen Kellern ihrer Seele.
		Ein Vergleich zwischen «vorher» und «nachher», sagt Tufa und beantwortet sich all die Fragen selbst, zeige «eine radikale Zivilisierung» des Wortes, ein Sich-lustig-Machen über vorher wie selbstverständlich verwendete Klischees, die Erkenntnis, dass in den Jahren zuvor «ein einziger Roman schon alle Romane war».
	www.nzz.ch /2006/07/04/fe/articleDL1AF.print.html (1139 words)

	Tufa Formations in Soap Lake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This is the presence of numerous calcium formations known as tufa which grow exclusively underwater.
		Tufa are porous rock-like calcium growths (essentially limestone) which, in Soap Lake, vary in size from a few inches in diameter to a reef-like ridge several hundred feet in length.
		The growth of tufa requires an alkaline lake fed by underwater springs.
	www.soaplakeconservancy.org /tufa.htm (223 words)

	(GCPD2V) Tufa Towers by Mc5
		Tufa towers resemble stalagmites rising from the floor of a cave, partly because they are made of the same material: calcium carbonate, also known as limestone.
		Tufa towers exist in several other places in the world where conditions are exactly right for their formation, including Greenland.
		There are tufa towers in other desert lakes in the Great Basin, but Mono Lake has the most actively growing towers and is also the most well known for their impressive natural beauty.
	www.geocaching.com /seek/cache_details.aspx?wp=gcpd2v (962 words)

	Tufa inchrory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The source of the calcium carbonate is a spring within the Dalradian metamorphic limestones that form the eastern flank of Glen Avon at this locality.
		The deposit is 6 m thick, with white, brown and grey layers that represent pure tufa and tufa with varying admixtures of organic material, silt and soil.
		The biostratigraphy indicates that the tufa accumulated mainly in the early part of the Holocene.
	www.fettes.com /Cairngorms/tufa.htm (189 words)

	Tufa North West (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Tufa is a very rare gardening material, which is often thought to be unavailable.
		A large deposit of high grade Tufa was discovered in British Columbia and has been mined by Rocky Mountain Tufa for a number of years.Tufa Northwest is a distributor of this high grade material.
		Tufa of all sizes is sold by the pound.
	www.nwrain.net /~jenjac/index.html (67 words)

	Tufa - History for Kids!
		Tufa is a kind of limestone that is very common in Italy.
		Tufa is very soft when it is first cut from the ground, so it is easy to work with.
		By the time of Julius Caesar, tufa was mainly used where it wouldn’t show- in the foundations of buildings, or where it was going to be covered with slabs of marble or stucco.
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/architecture/tufa.htm (292 words)

	Tufa: Interesting Thing of the Day
		Tufa can grow at a rate of up to 1 inch (2.5cm) per year, but because the chemical reaction depends on the lake water, tufa can only grow until it reaches the water surface.
		The tufa towers near the new shore of Mono Lake are estimated to be a mere 300 to 900 years old.
		As a result, not all tufa is considered rare or exotic; it’s commonly used, for instance, in gardening—certain alpine plants grow very well in or on tufa.
	itotd.com /articles/481/tufa (1159 words)

	The Sierra Web \| Mono Lake, California
		The flies even help create more tufa by accumulating calcium carbonate in glands during their larvae stage and then depositing it on the submerged towers when they pupate and leave the water as adults.
		Most of you walk the shoreline itself, where the towers meet the lake and where the best views can be had of towers jutting from the water offshore (like emerging "skeletons"?), doubled in number and scale by their mirror-image reflections on the lake surface.
		Tufa formations are the primary focus of the State Reserve.
	www.thesierraweb.com /monolake/tufa.cfm (1133 words)

	Tufa: World of Earth Science
		Tufa belong to a group of crust-like carbonate deposits that are formed through the organically and inorganically controlled precipitation of calcium carbonates from fresh water.
		The distinction of terms used to describe surface freshwater carbonates in the literature is not very clear.
		However, today the term tufa is usually used to describe the more porous varieties, while travertines are denser and sometimes laminated.
	science.enotes.com /earth-science/tufa (456 words)

	Tufa Wugu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tufa Wugu's father Tufa Sifujian was a great-grandnephew of the early Jin Dynasty (265-420) Xianbei general Tufa Shujineng (禿髮樹機能), who had been a menace to Jin forces during the reign of Emperor Wu.
		Tufa Sifujian became tribal chief in 356 and was a Former Qin vassal, but it was not known when he died and was succeeded by Tufa Wugu.
		Tufa Wugu himself was described as brave and ambitious, and he considered ways to take over Liang Province (涼州, modern central and western Gansu).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tufa_Wugu (749 words)

	Tufa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tufa is the name for an unusual geological form of calcite rock.
		Tufa is not to be confused with tuff which is volcanic.
		Ancient Roman defensive wall built from tufa blocks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tufa (356 words)

	Tufa
		Tufa is a natural volcanic material mainly used outdoors for building work, boundary and partition walls, coating, arches and architectural elements besides being fit for garden furnishings, pavements, benches, fountains and rustic earthenware, where it's natural beauty is best expressed in the decoration of implementation of projects of ornamental gardens.
		Little is known about the first use of Tufa for growing plants but it has certainly beused in the cultivation of plants for at least 50 years and longer.
		This combination is sufficient to satisfy some plants, in particular those species that have adapted to the spartan habitats of rock crevices and scree.
	www.mcmarmilloyd.co.uk /tufa_15.htm (175 words)

	Evaluate the Relative Roles of Organic and Inorganic Processes Leading to Tufa Formation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For the purpose of this study, tufa will be taken to represent all soft freshwater calcium carbonate deposits and travertine may be classed as an older, harder and more stratigraphic deposit and shall not be considered here.
		It is evident in past research that the physical/inorganic processes within stream systems were identified as the causal factors in tufa formation prior to recognition of organic processes.
		At the intermittent scale, the exact siting of tufa forms will be governed primarily by the inorganic morphological features of the channel, although as water velocity decreases, the influence of CO uptake by organic processes must be recognised.
	www.geog.ox.ac.uk /~mcoombe/tufaessay.html (2512 words)

	Home
		Tufa is formed on cliffs, caves and quarry faces where limestone is naturally occurring.
		Tufa has been used for centuries in the constuction of walls, fountains, grottos, and even at the Vatican.
		Tufa is extremely porous, will absorb water, support a variety of plants when planted with soil, and provides ideal drainage.
	mitufa.com /index.html (254 words)

	The History of Tufa Rock
		Tufa is formed when water evaporates from lime-rich waters, leaving calcite (calcium carbonate) to crystallize, often with impurities of iron oxides (rust), which give tufa its yellow and red coloration.
		It is widely used in Czechoslovakian rock gardening, apparently, but the fact that tufa is advertised in the AGS Bulletin for sale by mail in quantities suitable for shipping by post tells us something about both availability and cost in Europe.
		They, and others experienced with tufa, have since agreed that the Brisco tufa is not only genuine tufa, but also some of the best that they have ever seen.
	www.tufa.bc.ca /tufa_history.htm (697 words)

	Teacher Workshop 2005 - Tufa Formations at Mono Lake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Tufa is an unusual form of calcium carbonate.
		There are key pieces of evidence that point to a different process at work in the Mono Lake tufa: the hollow tube — or cavity — within the upright structure implies mineral being deposited at the top, adding to the height, and more irregularly to the outside.
		The tufa towers that we see around the edges of the lakes were created when the lake level's were higher.
	www.lpi.usra.edu /education/fieldtrips/2005/tufa.html (579 words)

	Mono Lake Tufa SR
		The reserve was established to preserve the spectacular "tufa towers," calcium-carbonate spires and knobs formed by interaction of freshwater springs and alkaline lake water.
		Rangers lead free tufa walks at the South Tufa area -- tours are at 1:00 pm on Saturdays and Sundays May through October.
		This spectacular tufa area is the best place to visit if you have time for only one stop.
	www.parks.ca.gov /default.asp?page_id=514 (671 words)

	IngentaConnect Relict tufa at Miette Hot Springs, Jasper National Park, Alberta,...
		The tufa, composed of low-Mg calcite, precipitated from waters discharged from a line of perched springs.
		The relict tufa is divided into six morphotypes that reflect variations in water flow down the steep and rugged flow path.
		The tufa contains stromatolitic facies (including streamer, porous laminar, dense laminar) and nonstromatolitic facies (bedded, crenulated) that reflect variations in the biology, water temperature, and style of flow of different parts of the spring flow path.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/nrc/cjes/2003/00000040/00000011/art00004 (524 words)

	Hypertufa
		Tufa is a spongy cellular rock found in limestone country and especially where water has been involved in the wearing and leaching out of the original materials to effect a porous spongy consistency.
		A coating of milk, yoghurt or a slurry of cow manure enhances the early growth of moss.
		Alternative Hyper Tufa mixes can be made by using pine needles, chaff, fine bark mulch, vermiculite and the fine debris washed up on the beach containing twigs, seaweed, shells and bones etc. All these can be used in place of peat.
	www.efildoog-nz.com /hypertufa.htm (3361 words)

	Geology of the Hot Springs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Old tufa masses indicate that at one time some of the spring waters discharged higher up on the hillside than they do today.
		One of the most outstanding sights in the Valley of the Hot Springs was the massive blanket of calcareous tufa on the side of Hot Springs Mountain.
		The tufa cliffs are no longer forming because most of the hot water is now diverted.
	www.nps.gov /hosp/expanded/newhotsprings/students/inhotwater.htm (2573 words)

	Edward Mendes Photography - Tufa
		Mono lake is known for its tufa formations.
		I found this formation and set my tripod up to frame as much tufa as possible in the foreground of the image.
		By this time the tufa was in deep shadow, I used an 81b warming filter to balance out some of the blue in the shadows.
	www.edwardmendes.com /edward_mendes_photography_-_tufa.htm (112 words)

	Tufa at the Blanchard Rock Shop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		"Nevada tufa is a natural rock that formed 10,000 to 20,000 years ago when half of Nevada was covered by an inland sea called Lahothan.
		The tufa formed on the sea floor when natural mineral springs came in contact with saline lake water and the dissolved minerals precipitated out of solution.
		The minerals, calcium carbonate and silica, fell to the sea floor and solidified in horizontal layers in a process similar to that which forms stalactites in caves.
	www.peaktopeak.com /blanchard/tufa.htm (127 words)

	Karstgeology: Tufa Runnel
		A tufa runnel is a typical formation of tufa or travertine, close to karst springs.
		The tufa is deposited primarly as shoreline tufa along the brook, and also as stream-bed tufa.
		The result are two tufa dams along the water, which grow continually forming a dam.
	www.showcaves.com /english/explain/Karst/SteinerneRinne.html (203 words)

	Untitled Document
		The South Tufa deposits are relatively young and may have formed after irrigation began in the upslope Pumice Valley in 1920 as percolating irrigation waters reached the lake.
		The photograph was taken in 1995 in the County Park on the northwest shore of the lake.
		Hart explains that that 6390 feet elevation was viewed as a way to preserve a smaller version of the South Tufa grove to allow visitors to view the towers protruding from the water in "their most spectacular setting" (Hart 1996, 173).
	www.wsu.edu /~forda/tufa1.html (474 words)

	About TUFA
		TUFA spent most of 2002 recording and mixing their latest CD "Femalia", with some financial assistance from the Australia Council for the Arts.
		TUFA, more recently, were the guests of Tim Ritchie, of the ABC's Radio National "Sound Quality" program, where they performed several pieces from "Femalia" along with some newer treats.
		The TUFA audience will be treated to another musical and visual feast played in the intimate setting of the 19th century Ballroom at Government House
	home.iprimus.com.au /weiofzen/about_TUFA.htm (439 words)

	South Tufa
		South Tufa receives thousands of visitors annually and is one of the largest tufa groves on the lake.
		There is always something to see as gulls, swallows, and phalaropes swim and fly around the towers feeding on the many flies and brine shrimp that live and grow in the lake.
		South Tufa is a Federal Fee Area; adults are $3, children under 16 are free.
	www.monolake.org /monomap/stufa.htm (135 words)

	tufa - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "tufa" at HighBeam.
		Mono Lake is famous for its eerily beautiful tufa formations.
		Low lake levels exposed more tufa, but also created land bridges for predators to attack birds.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-x-tufa.html (173 words)

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