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Topic: Tukolor

	Senegal, country, Africa. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Tukolor settled in the Senegal River valley in the 9th cent., and during the period from the 10th to 14th cent.
		The Tukolor were converted to Islam and in the mid-11th cent.
		During the period from 1854 to 1865 (except for 1862), Capt. Louis Faidherbe was governor of Senegal, and he extended French influence up the Senegal and along the Casamance and conquered Walo and Cayor.
	www.bartleby.com /65/se/Senegal.html (1872 words)

	webPulaaku/Encyclopedia of African History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		During the colonial period, the French divided the Haa1pulaar'en of Senegal into “Toucouleur” or “Tukolor,” whom they considered primarily agnicultural and centered in Futa Toro, and “Peul” or “Peuhl,” using the Wolof term for primarily pastoral peoples inhabiting the upper river region and the Casamance.
		The French also mistakenly labeled the so-called Tukolor as radical anti-French Muslims and considered the Peuls as docile non-Muslims.
		The government of Senegal, many Senegalese, and some scholars continue to differentiate between Tukolor and Peul to the present, inaccurately treating them as separate ethnic and linguistic groups.
	www.pulaaku.net /defte/shillington_encyclopedia/origins.html (1002 words)

	Senegal - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		In the 9th century Tukolor settled in the Sénégal River valley, and the powerful Tekrur state of the Tukolor dominated eastern Senegal from the 11th to the 14th century.
		By the 15th century a pattern of Wolof and Serer states was well established there.
		Under Captain Louis Faidherbe, and his successors after the mid-19th century, French control of the Wolof, Serer, and Tukolor states was forcefully extended and consolidated.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /text_761555319___26/Senegal.html (978 words)

	Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Born in the Futa Toro (in present-day Senegal), the son of a Tukolor Muslim scholar, he was given a good education, joined the Tijaniyya brotherhood, and married a daughter of Muhammad Bello, sultan of Sokoto (1781?–1837).
		In the 1820s he made a pilgrimage to Mecca, and he returned inspired to further the spread of Islam.
		I (581?–644) became the second caliph in 634, designated by Abu Bakr as his successor and accepted by all the important.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..um004400.a#FWNE.fw..um004400.a (235 words)

	Mauritania: Religions & Peoples (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Most Moors belong to the Qadiriya Sufi order, while the Tukolor and some of the Moorish tribes in the Tagant area belong to the Tijaniya Sufi order.
		Other groups in Mauritania are the Tukolor, living in the Senegal River valley; Fulani dispersed all over the south; Soninke in the extreme south; Wolof who live around the city of Rosso.
		Tukolor and Fulani peoples speak Fulfulde, while the Soninke speak Soninke and the Wolof speak Wolof.
	i-cias.com /e.o/mauritania_4.htm (262 words)

	Griot Song Kingdom of Biffeche
		The Tukolor brought Holy Qur’an to the valley.
		to remain in Biffeche with the Waalo-Waalo and the Tukolor.
		He was not Fula or Waalo-Waalo or Tukolor or Naar.
	www.kingdomofbiffeche.net /griotsong.htm (2690 words)

	Europe Overseas, to 1900
		In western Africa, the French were expanding inland from Senegal against the Tukolor and Mandinka empires.
		The Mandinka Empire was to the south of the Tukolor Empire and an old rival of the Tukolor.
		Meanwhile, Touré had failed to unite with the Tukolor against the French, and in 1894 the French expanded to the northeastern corner of the Tukolor Empire, taking the city of Timbuktu.
	fsmitha.com /h3/h50imp.htm (2399 words)

	Europeans Overseas, to 1900
		In western Africa, the French were expanding inland from Senegal against the Tukolor and Mandinka empires.
		The Mandinka Empire was to the south of the Tukolor Empire and an old rival of the Tukolor.
		Meanwhile, Touré had failed to unite with the Tukolor against the French, and in 1894 the French expanded to the northeastern corner of the Tukolor Empire, taking the city of Timbuktu.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h50imp.htm (2704 words)

	Early African Empires and their Global Connections
		In 1890 the French conquered the Segu area of the Tukolor Empire and in 1891 Ahmadu and his followers were driven out.
		In 1863, Umar's demands for tribute from Timbuktu sparked a rebellion and the citizens drove the Tukolors from the city.
		Bambara Segu joined the revolt and Umar was killed in February 1864 while attempting to break the siege of Hamdallahi, his capital.
	www.globaled.org /nyworld/materials/african3.html (1627 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:fuc
		Toucouleur (Tukolor, Tukulor, Tokilor, Pulaar, Haalpulaar, Fulbe Jeeri), Fulacunda (Fulakunda, Fulkunda).
		Fulacunda (Fulakunda, Fulkunda), Toucouleur (Tukolor, Tukulor, Halpulaar, Haalpulaar).
		Toucouleur (Tukolor, Tukulor, Pulaar, Halpulaar, Haalpulaar, Fulbe Jeeri).
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=fuc (404 words)

	Moment Deutsche Bank - Karin Sander - tukolor
		He comes from Senegal and speaks Tukolor, a dialect of Pulaar that is spoken by some semi-nomadic ethnic groups in the Senegal River Valley and in Mauritania.
		Makudy is sitting with his friend Ousmane in Ousmane's gallery in Harlem, where Makudy currently has a sculpture exhibition.
		Beside picking a word for the 4 October issue of the New York Times, he has written "Come and eat!" in Tukolor.
	www.moment-art.com /e/sander/show_language.php3?lang_id=tuk (91 words)

	Umar ibn Said Tal - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Born among the Tukolor people, he established the Tukolor empire.
		He created a vast Tukolor empire, but failed to win many converts.
		He was killed in 1864 but the Tukolor empire survived until 1897, ruled by his son Ahmadu Seku.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1O48-UmaribnSaidTal.html (217 words)

	The African Executive \| Senegal — A Brief History
		The Tukolor settled in the Senegal River valley in the 9
		From 1854 to 1865 (except for 1862), Capt. Louis Faidherbe was governor of Senegal, and he extended French influence up the Senegal and along the Casamance and conquered Walo and Cayor.
		Faidherbe established schools for the Africans and halted the westward expansion of al-Hajj Umar, the Tukolor leader of the Tijaniyya brotherhood, who waged a large-scale holy war from a base in what is now Guinea in the early 1850s.
	www.africanexecutive.com /modules/magazine/articles.php?article=139&magazine=25 (1346 words)

	The People
		Over the centuries, they migrated with their cattle to occupy vast areas in the Sahel and Savannah regions of West Africa and evolved into many subgroups with a variety of designations including Fulve,
		Jelgove, Gurma, Gorgave, Fellata, Fula, Fulakunda, Bororos, Wodaabe, Peul, Pulaar, Halpulaar, Liptaako, Toucouleur, and Tukolor.
		Presently, they live in communities throughout much of the West-Africa, from Senegal to Cameroon and as far east as Sudan and Ethiopia.The fulani range covers an area larger than continental United States and western Europe.
	www.jamtan.com /jamtan/fulani.cfm?chap=1 (361 words)

	Introduction to African Textiles: Part Seven - Myth & Religion
		The Tukolor are one of the main weaving peoples of Senegal and Gambia.
		The weaving group among the Tukolor, called Maabo, preserve a body of myths and weavers' lore that explains the secrets of the various looms parts, procedures to ensure effective weaving, and powers to protect the weavers from rivals.
		All of these are believed to have been passed on down the generations from their mythical ancestor Juntel Jibali.
	www.adireafricantextiles.com /africantextintro7.htm (495 words)

	Fula people - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		There are also many other ways others refer to them, including Foulah, Fulfulde, Peulh, Peul, and Fulbe.
		A closely related group is the Tukolor (Toucouleur) in the central Senegal River valley.
		They speak the Pulaar language, also referred to as Fulfulde, or variants thereof, as do the Tukulor; all local people who speak that language natively are known as the "halpulaar", which literally means "speakers of Pulaar".
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Fulbe (529 words)

	tukolor email (spam-free!) and website community
		It can be used for anything: the tukolor surname, the tukolor family, the tukolor fan club, the tukolor alumni group, tukolor genealogy, or any other community or group about tukolor.
		This your chance to get a matching tukolor email address, matching tukolor website and matching tukolor single sign-on "passport" (once these are commonly accepted).
		If you were looking for a different tukolor, please do a tukolor search here.
	www.tukolor.pw (359 words)

	Search Results for "Soninke"
		The remainder of the population mostly belong to the Tukolor, Soninke, Bambara, and Wolof ethnic groups and live as sedentary agriculturalists...
		2 PeopleThe chief ethnic groups are the Wolof, Fulani, Serer, Tukolor, Soninke, Malinke, and Diola.
		The sack of Kumbi-Saleh led to a dispersion of Soninke chiefs, princes, and merchants that stimulated state formation elsewhere...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Soninke (270 words)

	[No title]
		Umar set off in 1826 on a lengthy pilgrimage to Mecca, during which he was strongly influenced by Muslim reformist movements in Arabia and Egypt as well as by the spirit of jihad in the Sokoto Caliphate.
		Following Umar’s death in 1864, the Tukolor Empire was weakened by internal revolts and lack of unity among his followers.
		In the last decade of the 19th century, Samori’s Mandinka Empire was a major center of resistance to French conquest in West Africa.
	www.dlt.ncssm.edu /lmtm/docs/infl_islam/script.doc (2480 words)

	djam
		Baaba Maal and Mansour Seck are childhood friends from the town of Podor in the Fouta Toro region where Senegal meets Mauritania; they are Tukolor.
		Seck, who is from a griot family and who began losing his eyesight at an early age, was Maal's guide to the world of music, while the latter became Seck's guide in the visual world.
		Seck stays closer to his roots on these primarily acoustic recordings, all of which should appeal to lovers of "Djam Leelii".
	tcd.freehosting.net /djembemande/djam.html (904 words)

	Robert Christgau: CG: Artist 90
		"My voice was always very loud but very thin," so this border Tukolor bulked up his God-given instrument with the same conscious discipline that enabled him to attend law school and penetrate Wolof Dakar.
		But as with so many ambitious young men from the provinces, there's always been an awkwardness about him, and his Chris Blackwell-backed attempts to follow Youssou N'Dour and Salif Keita into the so-called world music market have been cluttered with horns, stabs in the dark, and invited guests.
		The shows have varied, too, but this four-cuts-in-40-minutes EP is the heart of a good one.
	www.robertchristgau.com /get_artist.php?id=90 (258 words)

	Muslims in Niger
		Much was also achieved through the establishment of local madrasahs in the spirit of tajdid, or peaceful reform.
		Although some individual Fulbe were known for their contributions as ulama, the Fulbe and their affiliate group the Tukolor (or Torobe) are most noted for the reformist jihad movements that they carried out throughout West Africa in the early to mid-eighteenth century.
		Some communities in Niger have historical ties to ancient Muslim communities such as the Dyula, Soninke, and Lamtuna Berbers, who traveled the Saharan-Sahelian trade routes from the seventh to ninth century.
	www.islamawareness.net /Africa/Niger/muslims_niger.html (652 words)

	DOCUMENTS General Louis Archinard to the Chiefs of Segu
		[former leader of the Tukolor, who had fought long and hard against the French],.
		Part of the fort will be demolished so that the Resident can have a private gate leading out of the village, and a view over the Niger.
		The Tukolors must leave the country within three days after the departure of the Commandant Superieur; Major Colonna de Giovellina will protect their convoy.
	www.humanities.ualberta.ca /hist247/schedule/module1/documents_general_louis_archinar.htm (392 words)

	Military.org -- CountryWatch.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Wolofs (or Ouolofs) are geographically bordered by the Tukolor (or Toucouleurs) and the Sérères.
		The Jola primarily live in the Lower Casamance region, which has been to home to most of the fighting between the government and rebel groups.
		The Tukolor primarily settled on the banks of the river Senegal between Podor and Matam, across from the border with Mauritania.
	www.countrywatch.com /mi_topic.asp?vCOUNTRY=151&SECTION=SOCIAL&TOPIC=CLPEO&TYPE=TEXT (825 words)

	index
		The principal minerals extracted are phosphate rock, limestone, and iron ore; deposits of petroleum and natural gas have been found offshore.
		In the middle of the 1st millennium A.D. the region was settled by migrating Wolof and Serer peoples, followed (9th cent.) by the Tukolor, whose state of Tekrur dominated the Senegal R. valley until the 14th cent.
		The Portuguese arrived (1444-45) and established trading stations; they were displaced by the Dutch and French in the 17th cent.
	www.well.com /~selhorst (694 words)

	Islam
		Indeed, Islam appears to have declined among the ruling classes, and non-Muslim dynasties ruled in old Muslim strongholds until the 18th century.
		During his rule an empire embracing the whole of the Niger River region from Jenne to Timbuktu was created.
		Upon his death in 1844 his son took power, but in 1862 Macina fell to another Muslim reformer, al-Hajj Umar, who created the vast Tukolor Empire in the Senegambia region before his death in 1864.
	www.angelfire.com /oh/AncientKnowledge/islam.html (3783 words)

	Tukolor Empire - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Tukolor Empire - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Through the 1870s Africans continued to control 90 per cent of the continent.
		Help with Spanish, French, German, and Italian homework.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Tukolor_Empire.html (99 words)

	World Music Central - Your connection to World Music
		As keyboardist, composer, bandleader, singer, arranger, Seck presents a telling portrait of the varied and complex nature of the musician in West Africa, one that often features the mixing of cultures and regions, contemporary and traditional, and global and local.
		Seck is a member of the Tukolor people.
		He was born in Ségou, raised in the fervor of decolonization.
	www.worldmusiccentral.org /artists/artist_page.php?id=2401 (315 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:FUC
		TOUCOULEUR (TUKULOR, TUKOLOR, PULAAR), FULACUNDA (FULAKUNDA, FULKUNDA, FULA PRETO).
		All of the primary and some secondary schools are taught in Pulaar.
		Fulbe Jeeri is an ethnic group which speaks this language as mother tongue.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=FUC (373 words)

	Umar - Cosmeo
		Called al-Hajj (1797-1864), West African mystic and warrior, who founded the Tukolor Empire of the Senegambia region.
		Born in the Futa Toro (in present-day Senegal), the son of a Tukolor Muslim scholar, he was given a good education, joined the Tijaniyya brotherhood, and married a daughter of Muhammad Bello, sultan of Sokoto (1781?-1837).
		In the 1820s he made a pilgrimage to Mecca, and he returned inspired to further the spread of Islam.
	www.cosmeo.com /viewArticle.cfm?guidAssetId=1295B11F-911B-440C-93ED-018A1ED41A09 (225 words)

	Senegal Demographics and Geography - Columbia Gazetteer of the World Online
		Lake Guier is located in the N. Population
		The Tukolor settled in the Sénégal River valley in the 9th century, and during the period from the 10th to 14th century their strong state of Tekrur dominated the valley.
		During this same period the Tukolor were converted to Islam.
	www.columbiagazetteer.org /public/Senegal.html (1247 words)

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