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	Tukulor - LoveToKnow 1911
		TUKULOR (TUCULERS), the name, by some said to be the French tout-couleur, for the negro half-castes of Senegal, who are principally of Fula-Wolof descent.
		By others the word is identified with Tacurol, an old name of the country, which took the form of Tacurores in the Portuguese writers of the 16th century.
		The Tukulor are settled chiefly in the Damga, Futa, Toro and Dimar districts of Senegal, and are remarkable for their fanaticism as Mahommedans.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Tukulor (111 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles
		The Tukulor are thought to have descended from the Fulani and the Wolof or Serer tribes.
		Tukulor women often wear large, embedded pieces of wood in the soft lobes of their ears and have two small facial slits near the outside corners of both eyes.
		The Tukulor of Gambia, Guinea, Mali, and Senegal.
	www.global12project.com /2004/profiles/p_code6/1362.html (819 words)

	Last Frontier: Tukulor of West Africa
		Due to high unemployment rates, Tukulor girls as young as 13 years of age often turn to prostitution in exchange for goods such as clothing, jewelry, alcohol and cigarettes.
		Traditionally, the Tukulor lived in thatched, mud houses grouped in villages; yet many have replaced the thatched roofs with tin and build with cement bricks.
		Tukulor society is based on the caste system, with authority and leadership in the hands of elders and men in general.
	archives.tconline.org /news/lastfrontier/tukulor.html (557 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles
		There are approximately 1.1 million Tukulor living in the West African nations of Senegal, Gambia, Mauritania, Guinea, and Mali.
		Although female genital mutilation is becoming increasingly illegal, over 50% of Tukulor girls from the ages of three to nine undergo this practice in order to be considered "clean" and worthy of marriage.
		The Tukulor of Gambia, Guinea, Mali, and Mauritania.
	kcm.co.kr /bethany_eng/p_code6/177.html (822 words)

	The Tukulor of Guinea
		While the majority of Tukulor live in Senegal, there are some 23,600 living in Guinea, where they comprise less than 1% of the population.
		The Tukulor marry within their class divisions, women usually between the ages of 16 and 18, and men between the ages of 25 and 30.
		Tukulor women often wear large embedded pieces of wood in the soft lobes of their ears and have two small facial slits near the outside corners of both eyes.
	www.prayway.com /unreached/peoplegroups3/2443.html (775 words)

	Tukulor
		Tukulor (auch Tokolor, Tukulör, Toucouleur, Tekarir oder Takarir) ist der Name einer hauptsächlich in der Republik Senegal und in der Republik Mauretanien ansässigen Ethnie mit insgesamt über 800 000 Angehörigen.
		Die Sprache der Tukulor, die sich selbst Haalpulaaren nennen, gehört zur Sprachgruppe der Fulbe auch Peul genannt.
		Große Teile der Bevölkerung verdienen sich jedoch heute ihren Lebensunterhalt in Mauretanien und den urbanen Zentren Senegals, wo sie zum Teil Schlüsselpositionen in der Verwaltung einnehmen.
	www.afrika-online.com /nigeria/bevoelkerung/fulbe/tukulor.html (368 words)

	The Tukulor of Gambia
		The Tukulor are thought to have descended from the Fulani and the Wolof or Serer tribes.
		Although female genital mutilation is becoming increasingly illegal, over 50% of Tukulor girls from the ages of three to nine undergo this practice in order to be considered "clean" and worthy of marriage.
		The Tukulor of Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, and Senegal.
	www.prayway.com /unreached/peoplegroups6/1182.html (807 words)

	Senegal
		Senegal's precolonial past, dating back to the 11th century when the area served as point of entry for Islam south of the Sahara, is not as well known as its history under French rule.
		The peoples of the northern grasslands and central savannas, such as the Wolof, Serer, Tukulor, and Fulani, share a tradition of centralized states and social hierarchies based on hereditary castes.
		Meanwhile, the Tukulor kingdom of Futa Toro in the northeast and the Mandinka-dominated kingdom of Kaabu in the southeast asserted their independence from the crumbling Mali empire.
	archive.blackvoices.com /research/encarta/tt_375.asp (3528 words)

	thE-TASK: Archive
		Tukulor farmers living along both banks of the Senegal River Valley that forms the border between Senegal and Mauritania have been especially hard hit.
		For the Tukulor it is a plague of biblical proportions.
		Pray that the suffering of the Tukulor during the coming months can be alleviated by appropriate assistance from the government and international aid agencies.
	www.thetask.org /thETASK/Stories/Dec04/tukulor.asp (232 words)

	[No title]
		The Tukulor people have been Sunni Muslims for nearly 1000 years and think of themselves as defenders of the Muslim faith.
		Traditionally the Tukulors are agriculturists, but many are becoming involved in commerce.
		One bad thing about the Tukulor moving to towns is that teenaged girls often turn to prostitution in exchange for goods that haven't previously been available to them.
	global-prayer-digest.org /dailydata/getdaily.asp?which=chosenday&whichyear=2007&whichmonth=1&whichday=15 (364 words)

	Tukulor -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		From the 10th to the 18th century the Tukulor were organized in the kingdom of Tekrur, which, until the emergence of a Tukulor empire in the 18th century, was ruled by a succession of non-Tukulor groups.
		A corollary of the hierarchical social structure is a marked inequality in the distribution of land; and this, together with a steadily rising population, has resulted in the emigration of considerable numbers of youth to the cities.
		West African Tukulor leader who, after launching a jihad (holy war) in 1854, established a Muslim realm, the Tukulor empire, between the upper Senegal and Niger rivers (in what is now upper Guinea, eastern Senegal, and western and central Mali).
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9073710 (730 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles
		Today, the Tukulor are known by a number of names, including Pulaar, Haal Pulaar, and Torobe.
		Sadly, a steadily rising population and an unequal distribution of land have resulted in the emigration of large numbers of Tukulor (particularly youth) to the cities in search of better job opportunities.
		The Tukulor of Gambia, Guinea, Mauritania, and Senegal.
	kcm.co.kr /bethany_eng/p_code6/1680.html (812 words)

	CRFmedia
		Footprints of Their Fathers 12:20 It is said, “to be Tukulor is to be Muslim.” This tightly held belief in Islam is ever-present throughout the area.
		Mosques dominate the skyline of the villages and towns.
		Tukulor Children: Captives of the Past 4:55 The Tekrur Empire once dominated the area along the Senegal River.
	crfmedia.com /WAVideo (1169 words)

	USCA10 Opinion 04-9547.wpd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Although most Tukulor Fulani girls were subjected to FGM and consummated their marriages when they were 10 to 12 years old, Ms.
		Even if her embellishments are disbelieved, she may be entitled to relief if females in the Tukulor Fulani tribe constitute a social group within the meaning of the INA and she suffered FGM because she is a female in that group.
		It is undisputed that she suffered FGM, and the injuries described by Dr. Wilson-her scarring, inability to engage in normal sexual relations, and inability to bear children naturally-would certainly be sufficiently serious to qualify her FGM as persecution.
	pacer.ca10.uscourts.gov /cgi-bin/getopn.pl?OPINION=04-9547.wpd (5279 words)

	Winne.com - Report on Gambia, Open for business
		The Tukulor people are found predominantly in the Fula Toro region in northern Senegal, although their origins are vague, and their history and culture overlap with the Fula.
		One difference however is that the Tukulor embraced Islam much earlier than the Fula, in the 10th or 11th century when the religion was first carried north across the Sahara form Morocco.
		The Tukulor were know for their extreme religious zeal and were responsible for converting many other groups, and for inspiring many of the anti-colonial jihads of the 19th century.
	www.winne.com /gambia/bf02.html (1162 words)

	TUKULOR (TUCULERS) - Article en ligne de l'information environ TUKULOR (TUCULERS)
		TUKULOR (TUCULERS) - Article en ligne de l'information environ TUKULOR (TUCULERS)
		Tukulor sont arrangés principalement dans les zones de Damga, de Futa, de See also:
		Toro et de Dimar du Sénégal, et sont remarquable pour leur fanatisme comme Mahommedans.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /fr/TOO_TUM/TUKULOR_TUCULERS_.html (280 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		There are approximately 1.1 million Tukulor living in the West African nations of Senegal, Gambia, Mauritania, Guinea, and Mali.
		Most of the Tukulor live in rural areas, where they raise livestock, farm, and fish for their livelihood.
		The Tukulor of Gambia, Guinea, Mali, and Mauritania.
	www.ksafe.com /profiles/p_code6/177.html (822 words)

	segu
		The French Sudan is relatively quiet, and now that Morocco has been virtually pacified, the Shadow's attentions have turned south through the desert and into the Sahel region of the Sudan and the new colonial administration there.
		Having arrived in Segu on the river Niger, the old capital of the now defeated Tukulor Empire, the Shadow has heard rumors from the Bambara natives of the emergence of the Tukulor Ghosts.
		Their mission is to cause a severe enough blow to the French and inspire a call to arms for a new Jihad.
	www.warflag.com /shadow/segu/segu.htm (759 words)

	Senegal
		I denna politiska skärningspunkt har Tukulor på den mauritanska sidan om Senegalfloden mycket oftare drivits från sin mark än de kunnat behålla eller utvidga den.
		Överhuvudtaget tycks bedömningen om de kristnas antal i Tukulor i flertalet av dessa länder vara: ”Inga kyrkor.
		Låt oss be om kristna hjälparbetare, läkare och lärare som är villiga att leva bland Tukulor.
	www.smyrnakyrkan.se /mission/onadda_folk/Tukulor.htm (659 words)

	To Be or Not To Be - NI 97 - Country profile: Senegal
		The fortunes of one group of Senegalese people, the Tukulor, who live in the once-fertile middle reaches of the Senegal river, illustrates what has happened.
		Futa-Toro, the home of most Tukulor people, is in the south Sahel climate belt.
		In the 1960s unemployment in Dakar reached 40 per cent, putting an even greater strain on an economy already burdened with a massive civil service structure - inherited from the French when Dakar was the capital of the whole of French West Africa.
	www.newint.org /issue097/profile.htm (613 words)

	Western and Central Sudan, 1800–1900 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In 1853, he declares jihad against the infidels of western and central Sudan, and with an army of ethnically Tukulor Muslims from the Futa Jallon embarks on a course of conquest, overrunning Ségou and demolishing the Massina empire founded by Cheikhou Amadou.
		At its largest, the Tukulor empire stretches from Guidimaka to Timbuktu, and from Dinguiraye to the southern edge of the Sahara Desert.
		The empire is administered by Tukulor elites, creating ethnic tensions among the empire's non-Tukulor subjects that lead to a series of rebellions.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/10/sfw/ht10sfw.htm (1344 words)

	worldsurface.com - sustainable tourism for backpackers and independent travellers
		Links between the peoples of Senegal and North Africa were established in the 10th century AD and were followed by the conversion of the Tukulor people to Islam in the 11th century.
		The Tukulor were ruled, however, by a succession of animistic groups until the 18th century, and animism was widespread in Senegal well into the 19th century.
		The French expanded inland under the command of Louis-Léon Faidherbe (1818—89), who checked the expansion of the Tukulor empire and established the basic colonial institutions of Senegal.
	www.worldsurface.com /browse/static.asp?staticpageid=204 (372 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		While most of them live in Senegal, nearly 164,000 can be found in southern Mauritania on the northern side of the Senegal River Valley, where they comprise about 7% of the population.
		Although female genital mutilation is becoming increasingly illegal, over half of all Tukulor girls from the ages of three to nine undergo this practice in order to be considered "clean" and worthy of marriage.
		The Tukulor of Gambia, Guinea, Mali, and Senegal.
	www.ksafe.com /profiles/p_code6/1362.html (819 words)

	04-9547 -- Niang v. Gonzales -- 09/08/2005
		Niang has added various factual embellishments, her central claim has been that she was subjected to FGM because she was a female within a tribe practicing this ritual.
		Wilson--her scarring, inability to engage in normal sexual relations, and inability to bear children naturally--would certainly be sufficiently serious to qualify her FGM as persecution.
		It is also undisputed that she is a female Tukulor Fulani, and the IJ did not appear to question that the custom of the tribe is to perform FGM on its female members.
	www.kscourts.org /ca10/cases/2005/09/04-9547.htm (5462 words)

	TUKULOR (TUCULERS) - Online Information article about TUKULOR (TUCULERS)
		TUKULOR (TUCULERS) - Online Information article about TUKULOR (TUCULERS)
		TUKULOR (TUCULERS), the name, by some said to be the See also:
		Tukulor are settled chiefly in the Damga, Futa, See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /TOO_TUM/TUKULOR_TUCULERS_.html (219 words)

	In All Things...Pray (SBCPRAY.NET)
		The Tukulor Team writes: “This month we want to focus your prayers on one of the Korean Baptist missionary families.
		After spending more than a year learning French, they have moved to a small Tukulor town where they are learning Pulaar.
		Living in a small Tukulor village is not the same as living in the capital city, and learning Pulaar is not the same as learning French.
	www.sbcpray.net /imb/imbrequests.asp?id=8829 (264 words)

	HOME West Africa VIDEOS Video Resource Material from CRF ...
		This set of videos provides information on the Songhai, the Fulbe Fouta and the TuKulor People Groups who are followers of Islam.
		It is said, “to be Tukulor is to be Muslim.” This tightly held belief in Islam is ever-present throughout the area.
		Tukulor Children: Captives of the Past 4:55 (55 mB) The Tekrur Empire once dominated the area along the Senegal River.
	www.crfmedia.com /Video-WA (1333 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Upper Senegal & Niger, 1898-1922
		Modern Mali, during the 19th century, was largely identical with the Tukulor Empire, ruled by Al-Haji Umar (-1864, succeeded by his son Ahmadu) and by Samori Toure (1870-1898), whose reign extended beyond the borders of Mali, into the Ivory Coast, Guinea and Burkina Faso.
		In 1880 Ahmadu, son of Al-Haji Umar and ruler over Tukulor, agreed to the French establishing and maintaining trade routes through his Empire, in return for a shipment of arms.
		Ahmadu now tried to persuade Muslim neighbours to join him in fighting the French; the Tukulor capital of Segou fell in 1890, her vassall Kaarta fell to the French in 1891.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/westafrica/uppersen.html (642 words)

	[No title]
		One of these empires was the Segou founded in the 18th century and then usurped by Fula jihad that emanated from Masina.
		The struggles: as the Tukulor (Fulani) Empire became stronger; the French colonial powers became more worried about their power.
		The French and the Tukulor forces, over the next decade, scrambled for power in the region, before Segou, the capital of the Tukulor Empire fell in 1890.
	www.plan-international.org /wherewework/westafrica/youthforum/where/mali/history/?view=printable (809 words)

	Página nueva
		La sociedad Tukulor tradicional está dividida en cuatro clases sociales principales, cada una de las cuales se divide en doce "castas." Su vida social es una mezcla de costumbres anteriores a la introducción del Islam y las tradiciones islámicas.
		Los Tukulor se casan dentro de sus divisiones de clase, las mujeres normalmente entre las edades de 16 y 18 años, y los hombres entre los 25 y 30.
		Las mujeres Tukulor llevan a menudo a modo de pendientes trozos de madera en los lóbulos de las orejas y como si fueran tatuejes dos marcas faciales pequeñas cerca de las esquinas externas de ambos ojos.
	www.ikuska.com /Africa/Etnologia/Pueblos/Tukulor/index.htm (522 words)

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