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Topic: Tule elk

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	Tule Elk \| Animal Facts \| Chaffee Zoological Gardens of Fresno (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Tule elk are confined to the state of California.
		Tule elk are herbivores (plant eaters), grazing and browsing on grasses, leaves and twigs.
		The tule elk was important to the early settlers in California in furnishing meat, hide skins, sinews and bones.
	www.chaffeezoo.org /zoo/animals/elk.html (662 words)

	Elk? In Point Reyes?
		Their survival and the survival of Tomales Point, which is quickly being over-grazed by the elk, as it was by the cattl e that preceded them, is at stake.
		The elk were introduced to a region that had previously been used and over-grazed by dairy cattle.
		Since the tule elk of Point Reyes are accustomed to avoiding humans, it is extremely difficult to approach them this closely.
	www.sfgate.com /getoutside/1996/aug/elkinfo.html (1150 words)

	Tule Elk/Rachel Kanewske
		In the Tule Elks pristine state it is noted that they were not preyed on by sufficiently large enough predators except the mountain lions which still would not have faired well in the open range that the elk preferred as habitat (McCullough, 1969).
		The nearest relatives to the Tule elk are the Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), and the Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti).
		The Tule elk provided a lot for the Native Americans who lived in their habitat, although the elk were not the mainstay of their diet (California Fish and Game Department).
	bss.sfsu.edu /geog/bholzman/courses/Fall00Projects/Tule_elk.html (1140 words)

	Return of the Tule Elk, Moyle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Tule elk are the brown, shaggy-maned, big-antlered deer you often see along Highway 20 in the hills between Willams and Clear Lake, or, if you are lucky, on a hike down one of the Cache Creek Wilderness trails.
		The presence of tule elk in this area is the result of their enormous desirability to hunters.
		Tule elk, although small by elk standards (a bull is only 400-500 pounds) are especially desirable because they are found only in California.
	bioregion.ucdavis.edu /book/11_Upper_Cache_Creek/11_04_moyle_elk.html (482 words)

	History of the Tule Elk \| Animals \| Chaffee Zoological Gardens of Fresno (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The natives used the tules for fabricating their houses and they made boats, binding the tule stems together with the native grape vines, to float the waterways on hunts and trade expeditions.
		The common tule, or bulrush (Scirpus acutus), covered more than a quarter of a million acres across its range, the same area that was home to about 500,000 tule elk.
		The tule elk were utilized by the native peoples and they were taken by mountain lions and coyotes and sometimes even by the now-extinct California grizzly, but the elk were plentiful.
	www.chaffeezoo.org /animals/tuleElkHistory.htm (1106 words)

	Tule Elk
		The tule elk is a subspecies of North American elk that occurs only in California.
		In 1874, the last surviving tule elk (possibly as few as two individuals) were discovered and protected in the southern San Joaquin Valley.
		Tule elk were reintroduced to Point Reyes National Seashore in 1978.
	www.pointreyesvisions.com /NewFiles/Science_Folder/Tule_Elk.html (287 words)

	Tule Elk - Discover The Outdoors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The tule elk, which is also known as the California or dwarf elk, is the smallest elk in North America.
		Tule elk are indigenous to California and once lived in large numbers in California's San Joaquin and Sacramento valleys.
		Tule elk are a protected population in California and a very limited amount of hunting is allowed.
	www.dto.com /hunting/species/generalprofile.jsp?speciesid=265 (581 words)

	Brittany Wilson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The tule elk probably contracted Johne’s from the cattle, and controlling Johne’s is one of the most difficult tasks that the NPS has with the tule elk.
		Before tule elk were on the horizon, the dairy ranches were a large draw of tourists to Pt.
		But the tule elk had not “been in the wild” since the 1800s, and are unlikely to ever be so again.
	www.stanford.edu /~vediger/env%20history/brittany_tule_history.htm (4152 words)

	Tule Elk State Reserve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Search for Tule Elk State Reserve in other articles.
		Look for Tule Elk State Reserve in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Tule Elk State Reserve in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tule%20Elk%20State%20Reserve (146 words)

	Testing for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in asymptomatic free-ranging tule elk from an ...
		paratuberculosis infection in asymptomatic free-ranging tule elk from an infected herd
		Forty-five adult tule elk (Cervus elaphus nannodes) in good physical condition were translocated from a population located at Point Reyes National Seashore, Marin County (California, USA), to a holding pen 6 mo prior to release in an unfenced region of the park.
		The number of tule elk found to be infected was unexpected, both because of the continued overall health of the source herd and the normal clinical status of all study animals.
	www.jwildlifedis.org /cgi/content/abstract/39/2/323 (351 words)

	Park Options for Limiting Tule Elk Herd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The herd, which began with 10 elk imported from Los Banos in March, 1978, is expected to reach 500 head by the end of this year and threatens to overburden its range.
		Last year 386 tule elk were counted in their 2,600-acre pasture near Pierce Ranch.
		Tule elk themselves were once nearly extinct in California.
	www.ptreyeslight.com /stories/may22/elk.html (590 words)

	Tule Elk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Point Reyes National Seashore officials last week warned that the tule elk herd on Pierce Point will probably reach the carrying capacity of their range (roughly 350 animals) sometime in 1998.
		Park officials, therefore, must find another solution to the elks' population problem, and culling or contraception are the main proposals under consideration.
		Killing some elk to control the herd's size has come under fire from animal advocate groups such as In Defense of Animals, which is based in San Rafael.
	www.coastaltraveler.com /elk.html (433 words)

	Tule Elk to Roam Huge Range in Park (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Although the freely roaming elk would not be fenced in, the forested slopes of Inverness Ridge are expected prevent elk from entering Paradise Ranch Estates and other populated areas, Assistant Supt. Frank Dean told The Light.
		However, representatives from the Committee for the Preservation of Tule Elk and In Defense of Animals told advisory commissioners that ranching should be eliminated from the proposed Limantour range.
		Meantime, the elk continue to mate at Pierce Point, and Commissioner Amy Meyer wondered aloud during Saturday's meeting in Point Reyes Station whether the park's managed-pregnancy program was "making a dent" in the herd's growth.
	www.ptreyeslight.com /stories/oct30/elk.html (651 words)

	Refuge Tule Elk to Help Boost Other Elk Herds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		LOS BANOS — A thriving herd of tule elk in Merced County is again outgrowing its habitat, prompting wildlife officials to capture and move some of the elk to other areas of the state.
		Approximately 25 tule elk will be captured during a helicopter and net-gun operation, then transported to supplement one or more existing elk herds in San Luis Obispo, Monterey and Lake counties.
		The challenge facing tule elk managers is finding areas of California that can accommodate these large animals, which can weigh up to 900 pounds and may disregard fences and other property boundaries.
	www.dfg.ca.gov /news/news01/01008.html (595 words)

	Oakland Zoo: Tule Elk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Elk bulls and cows have reddish summer coats with darker head and legs.
		The Tule Elk's coat is paler both winter and summer than other varieties.
		In Europe the moose is called an elk and our elk are considered the North American representative of the European red deer.
	www.oaklandzoo.org /atoz/aztlelk.html (479 words)

	Tule Elk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Tule elk are the smallest kind of elk, but the males still can weigh up to 1,000 pounds, and stand up to 5 feet high (not counting the antlers!).
		There once were vast herds of these elk in California, but by the 1880s, few remained.
		In 1932, Tule Elk State Reserve was established as a sanctuary for the elk.
	www.goldenstatemuseum.org /elk.htm (82 words)

	* Tule Elk - (Animals): Definition
		Related to the wapiti is the dwarf, or tule elk, C. nannodes, a small, light-colored deer of E California.
		Elk have been overhunted and are now found only in southern Canada, the Rockies, and in the Central Valley of California, the last being the home of the small tule elk.
		In Europe, the name elk has long referred solely to the moose...
	en.mimi.hu /animals/tule_elk.html (124 words)

	Tule Elk SR
		Tule Elk State Reserve protects a herd of tule elk, once in danger of extinction.
		In the 1880s, vast herds of tule elk were greatly reduced in number by hunting and loss of habitat.
		Elk from the reserve have been successfully transplanted to other areas in California where free-roaming herds of tule elk can be found today.
	www.parks.ca.gov /?page_id=584 (216 words)

	Boone & Crockett Club Adds Tule Elk Category (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After all, tule elk are a separate and distinct subspecies of elk.
		Tule elk will be scored following the same method as Roosevelt's elk since they commonly exhibit crown points beyond the fourth tine.
		The addition of a tule elk category has apparently already had an impact on the value of a tule elk hunting tag.
	www.dfg.ca.gov /news/news99/99042.html (420 words)

	Autodesk - Foundation - PBL Network - Success Stories (Tule Elk Park Children's Center) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It's a sunny afternoon and the children in Michael Escamilla's kindergarten class at Tule Elk Park Children's Center in San Francisco are busy tracing shadows in the playground.
		The pedagogical underpinning of the instruction at Tule Elk is not only grounded on the most recent practices in project-based learning, as shared through the schools' participation in the Autodesk Foundation's PBL Network the past two years.
		It also is influenced by the work of the Reggio Emilia Infant-Toddler Centers and Preschools in Italy, an international model of the system of relationships children have with materials, with one another, and with their families and school.
	www.k12reform.org /foundation/pbl/success/tuleelk.htm (821 words)

	Endemic tule elk to range freely at Point Reyes National Seashore--National Park Service--WASO-INFO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The tule elk, a subspecies of elk endemic to California, was the dominant grazer of central and coastal California for thousands of years.
		In early December 1998, park staff, cooperators, and contractors captured 45 tule elk at Tomales Point, attached radio collars, and moved the animals to a temporary holding facility for acclimation and disease testing.
		To reduce the possibility of elk leaving the park and causing agricultural and other damage, Point Reyes National Seashore staff selected a new range that would be as attractive as possible to the elk.
	www2.nature.nps.gov /yearinreview/yir98/chapter05/chapter05pg1.html (495 words)

	General Information: Tule Elk Reserve at Tomales Point
		Tule elk are commonly seen along the trail at all times of the year.
		The elk's mating, or rutting, season begins at the end of July and continues through the middle of October.
		During this period male elk, or stags, are competing for dominance over the harems of females.
	www.sfgate.com /getoutside/1996/aug/elkintro.html (519 words)

	CCWJ Hunts: Rocky Mountain Elk, Roosevelt Elk, Tule Elk Hunting Outfitters
		The average bull elk harvested on one of these hunts is usually in the 280 to 320 B and C class and success rates are extremely high on bulls of this caliber.
		elk counterpart, however, the antler length is normally shorter and not as widespread.
		Bull elk in the 300-class have been harvested at the ranch and 4 to 6 trophy bulls are taken each season.
	www.ccwjhunts.com /elk.html (861 words)

	Tule elk herds damage crops
		Herds of tule elk that were reintroduced by the California Department of Fish and Game to certain areas of California have been causing damage to farms and ranches and agricultural producers say that they have little recourse to control the free-roaming mammals on their private property.
		The elk grazed on Camsuzuo's immature barley early in the growing season and then stomped down barley that was ready to be harvested.
		In the case of elk, the economic incentive is clear when one considers the value of the hunting permits: Camsuzou said a bull-elk tag is worth $10,000-$15,000, and a cow-elk tag is worth $1,500-$2,500.
	www.cfbf.com /agalert/2002/12_04_02_c_aa.html (1738 words)

	"Ungulate management--Tule elk at Point Reyes" -- National Park Service,WASO-NRID
		The results of a year-round elk monitoring program will allow managers to determine whether immunocontraception of tule elk at Point Reyes National Seashore is indeed the most practical and effective method to control the size of this free-ranging ungulate population.
		In addition to managing elk in the reserve, park staff monitor the progress of a free-ranging herd of tule elk in the national seashore.
		The release of 28 elk in June 1999—the first free-ranging elk at Point Reyes National Seashore in 130 years—marked the restoration of a dominant herbivore to the coastal ecosystem.
	www2.nature.nps.gov /YearInReview/yir2001/02_management/02_od6_tule.html (500 words)

	TuleElk2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The elk when spooked would naturally try to return to the ranches that didn't allow hunting, so we were going to approach them from that direction, essentially cutting off their escape to their sanctuary.
		Steve said, "Okay Don, the elk are about 350 yards out, but there's some cows bedded a lot closer, have a look." I gave a little peek out of our ditch that had shallowed to the point that it barely concealed us.
		They kept a close watch on the tule elk in the area and notified me immediately once there was a shootable bull on their ranch.
	home.att.net /~apexpredator/TuleElk2.html (1803 words)

	tule elk on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Tule elk back from the brink rebound challenges wildlife managers.(Knight Ridder Newspapers)
		(the California park's tule elk population increased 33% from 1995 to 1996)(Brief Article)
		Down Cache Creek for the bald eagles and tule elk; near Clear Lake, 7-mile trail to see protected wildlife.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/x/x-tuleelk.asp (304 words)

	Tule Elk Boom a Problem
		Studies are under way to see how contraception affects the gene pool of wild animals, an important issue for recovering species such as tule elk, which have almost no genetic variety.
		Marin County's Point Reyes Nation Seashore, home to about 525 tule elk, has perhaps the most visible and studied elk herd on the planet.
		Moving elk is also expensive — it can cost upward of $3,000 per animal, with population reductions that usually last less than three years.
	www.westernhunter.com /Pages/Vol03Issue23/tuleelk.html (247 words)

	TULE ELK PRESERVATION ACT: Summary from Federal Wildlife Laws Handbook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This Act provides for federal assistance in restoration and conservation of the Tule elk population in California.
		The Act requires the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the Secretary of Defense to cooperate with the state of California in making the lands under their jurisdiction reasonably available for the preservation and grazing of Tule elk in a manner consistent with federal law.
		The Secretary of the Interior, in coordination with all federal, state and other officers with jurisdiction over Tule elk lands or potential habitats, must develop a plan for Tule elk restoration and conservation, to be integrated with comparable state and local plans in California.
	ipl.unm.edu /cwl/fedbook/tuleelk.html (129 words)

	Alces : Visibility bias and development of a sightability model for tule elk.(Statistical Data Included) @ HighBeam ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		ABSTRACT: Tule elk (Cervus elaphus nannodes) are endemic to California, USA, and occupy habitats that differ greatly from those inhabited by many other elk populations.
		We determined if groups of elk known to be present in sampling blocks were observed or missed during survey flights.
		We developed a model to predict the likelihood of observing a group of elk, and provide recommendations for the use of correction factors for sightability during future surveys.
	static.highbeam.com /a/alces/march222001/visibilitybiasanddevelopmentofasightabilitymodelfo/index.html (272 words)

	Sunset : Down Cache Creek for the bald eagles and tule elk; near Clear Lake, 7-mile trail to see protected wildlife. @ ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Start / S / Sunset / January 01, 1990 / Down Cache Creek for the bald eagles and tule elk; near Clear Lake, 7-mile trail to see protected wildlife.
		Down Cache Creek for the bald eagles and tule elk The remote headwaters of Cache Creek rank second in California as habitat for two impressive wildlife species.
		And the 400-strong Cache Creek tule elk herd is surpassed in size only by one herd in Owens Valley.
	static.elibrary.com /s/sunset/january011990/downcachecreekforthebaldeaglesandtuleelknearclearl/index.html (286 words)

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