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Topic: Tumbaga

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	Tumbaga Golden Plates - Improvement Era article - SHIELDS
		And it is apparent that whatever the alloy or object, once the gilding was applied, the result to the eye alone would be gold.
		Tumbaga, the magic metal, can be cast, drawn, hammered, gilded, soldered, welded, plated, hardened, annealed, polished, engraved, embossed, and inlaid.
		Using such a block as a beginning point, 50 percent of the weight should be subtracted for air space; thus the weight of the stack of plates would be about 53 pounds.
	www.shields-research.org /Scriptures/BoM/Tumbaga.htm (0 words)

	Somerton's growth spurt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Somerton Mayor Agustin Tumbaga said the empty lot and the soon-to-be-filled store are perfect examples of the growth the city is experiencing — and the balance with which the growth is occurring.
		Tumbaga said a new subdivision — Desert Valley Estates — is one of five that are expected to be completed during the next few years.
		To accomplish that, Tumbaga said, city leaders are actively seeking grants and low-interest loans until they have the money to build a new law enforcement facility.
	sun.yumasun.com /cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi/2/5117/printer (486 words)

	Livre de Mormon : en or ou en tumbaga ?
		Le tumbaga est un alliage d’or et de cuivre, les deux seuls métaux colorés connus de l’homme.
		La polyvalence du tumbaga montre que les métallurgistes américains n’étaient pas obligés d’être méticuleux en ce qui concerne un alliage gravimétrique particulier.
		Le tumbaga, métal magique, peut être moulé, étiré, martelé, doré, soudé, plaqué, durci, recuit, poli, gravé, estampé et damasquiné.
	www.idumea.org /Etudes/Ecritures/LM/Tumbaga.htm (2856 words)

	Virtual Museum of Costa Rican Pre-columbian Gold
		Tumbaga is an alloy comprised mostly of gold and copper.
		Tumbaga can be treated with a simple acid, like citric acid, to dissolve copper off the surface.
		Some tumbaga has also been found to be comprised of metals besides gold and copper, up to 18% of the total mass of the tumbaga.
	www.mcguinnessonline.com /gold/materials.htm (0 words)

	Press Release 03/29/07 - District Attorney - County of Sonoma, California (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Tumbaga is survived by her ex-husband Mark Tumbaga, her nine-year-old son Calvin Tumbaga, her mother Edna Slavin, and her four siblings.
		Mr Silva was convicted of committing the murder of Marian Loise Tumbaga while driving under the influence of alcohol.
		Tumbaga's vehicle at a high rate of speed while both vehicles were Northbound on Highway 101 near the town of Windsor in Sonoma County.
	www.sonoma-county.org /Da/press_releases/2007/press_032907.htm (325 words)

	Man guilty of murder in Windsor DUI crash - News - MSNBC.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Tumbaga's car went off the road, flipped over and landed on her, crushing her to death.
		Tumbaga's mother said she feared the jury wouldn't convict Silva because there were so many details to consider.
		Seconds later, Silva struck the rear of Tumbaga's car, which was estimated to be traveling at 65 mph, investigators said.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/17873029 (800 words)

	Injil Cebuano - Exodus 27
		27:2 Ug himoon mo ang mga sungay niini sa ibabaw sa upat ka nasikohan: ang mga sungay bahin nga nayon uban niini; ug pagahal-upan mo kini ug tumbaga.
		27:3 Ug pagahimoon mo ang mga banga niini nga pagabutangan sa abo niini, ug ang mga pala niini ug ang mga dagkung panaksan niini, ug ang mga kaw-it niini, ug ang mga bagahan niini: ang tanan nga mga galamiton niini pagabuhaton mo sa tumbaga.
		27:6 Ug magbuhat ka ug mga yayongan alang sa halaran, mga yayongan sa kahoy nga acacia, ug hal-upan mo kini ug tumbaga.
	www.godrules.net /library/Austronesian/cebuano/cebuanoexo27.htm (672 words)

	Of What Material Were the Plates? - Maxwell Institute JBMS
		Putnam put forward the reasonable hypothesis that metal plates made in Mormon's day were of that material (the earliest Mesoamerican archaeological specimen of tumbaga—made from a hammered metal sheet—dates to the same century, the fifth century AD, when Moroni hid up the plates he had in his possession).
		[5] If Mormon's Book of Mormon plates were made of tumbaga, their weight would have been much less than had they been made of pure gold.
		The resulting chemical reaction eliminated copper atoms from the outer.0006 inch of the surface, leaving a microscopic layer of 23-carat gold that made the object look like it was wholly gold.
	farms.byu.edu /display.php?table=jbms&id=393 (0 words)

	Cebuano Ang Biblia, Bugna Version \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		Ug nagbuhat siya alang sa halaran ug tungtunganan nga linala nga tumbaga, sa ilalum sa sanipa sa libut niini dapit sa ubos hangtud sa tunga sa halaran.
		Ug siya nagtunaw ug upat ka singsing alang sa upat ka tumoy sa tungtunganan nga linala nga tumbaga, nga maoy dapit sa mga yayongan.
		Ug gibuhat niya ang dolang nga tumbaga, ug ang tungtunganan niini mga tumbaga, sa mga salamin sa mga babaye nga mag-alagad nga nagatigum sa pag-alagad sa pultahan sa balong-balong nga pagatiguman.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/bible/ceb_b.i.ii.xxxviii.html (998 words)

	Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango
		tumbaga, though patchy and fragile, still glittered in the sun when it was excavated.
		tumbaga sheetmetal wrapping was not restricted to fine flware vessels but includes utilitarian jars.
		tumbaga mask covering the face of the principal personage of the Huaca Loro West Tomb (Photograph 7) or the turquoise inlay of a nose ornament from the East Tomb (Photograph 2).
	www.lablaa.org /blaavirtual/publicacionesbanrep/bolmuseo/1996/jldi41/jldi02i.htm (1648 words)

	Tumbaga vs CA : 137363 : August 11, 1999 : Atty. Magay-Dris : Second Division (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Tumbaga vs CA : 137363 : August 11, 1999 : Atty.
		The manifestation and appearance of the Law Firm of Caluso Chica and Associates as counsel for petitioner with the latter’s conformity requesting to be furnished with copies of court processes in this case at Unit 201 A and T Bldg., 244 Escolta St., Binondo, Manila, is NOTED.
		It evident that the aforesaid petition was resorted to as a substitute for the lost remedy of appeal by certiorari which is not countenanced by law and jurisprudence.
	www.supremecourt.gov.ph /resolutions/2nd/1999/Aug99/137363.htm (114 words)

	Bolivia Federal Register Notice, 2001
		C. Clamps/tweezers: Made of copper, bronze, silver, gold, or tumbaga.
		I. Earring or ear plug: Made of copper, bronze, silver, gold, or tumbaga.
		Usually hammered, unadorned metal plaque that is sometimes inlaid with semi-precious stone or shell.
	exchanges.state.gov /culprop/bl01fr04.html (0 words)

	People vs Borja : 114183 : February 3, 1997 : J. Bellosillo : First Division
		EVELYN SALONGA TUMBAGA, 12 years old, a sixth grade pupil, went to court on 12 May 1993 and, assisted by her mother Elsa, charged her neighbor Jesus Borja y Sonsa with rape.
		The evidence for the prosecution shows that on the night of 1 May 1993, the eve of the town fiesta of Valenzuela, Evelyn Tumbaga was visiting at a friend’s house four (4) or five (5) meters away from where she lived.
		On 11 May 1993 Elsa Tumbaga reported the rape of her daughter to the police authorities and caused the arrest of appellant Jesus Borja.
	www.supremecourt.gov.ph /jurisprudence/1997/feb1997/114183.htm (1902 words)

	Cebuano Ang Biblia, Pinadayag Version \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		Ug pagahimoon mo ang mga banga niini nga pagabutangan sa abo niini, ug ang mga pala niini ug ang mga dagkung panaksan niini, ug ang mga kaw-it niini, ug ang mga bagahan niini: ang tanan nga mga galamiton niini pagabuhaton mo sa tumbaga.
		Ug magbuhat ka alang niini ug usa ka tungtunganan nga linala nga tumbaga; ug sa ibabaw sa tungtunganan nga linala magbuhat ka ug upat ka singsing nga tumbaga sa upat ka nasikohan niini.
		Ug sa mao usab nga pagkaagi alang sa kilid dapit sa amihanan sa kinatas-an, may mga cortina nga tagsa ka gatus ka maniko ang gitas-on, ug ang mga haligi niini kaluhaan, ug ang mga tungtunganan niini nga tumbaga kaluhaan; ang mga sab-onganan sa mga haligi ug ang mga tarogo niini binuhat sa salapi.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/bible/ceb_p.i.ii.xxvii.html (661 words)

	Identity of suspect compounds family's anguish - The Honolulu Advertiser - Hawaii's Newspaper
		Kahealani's mother, Lehua Tumbaga, is behind; stepsister Tanya Mamala-Tumbaga is at left of the mother.
		Kahealani's mother, Lehua Tumbaga, said she is trying not to think about the fact that someone close to the family is a suspect.
		Tumbaga held a Hawaiian quilt Kahealani had started stitching and flipped through a book that belonged to her daughter, "Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul." In response to one poem, called "Terrified Tears," Kahealani wrote, "To: All who's gone I will like to say so long and I mis you.
	the.honoluluadvertiser.com /article/2002/Dec/15/ln/ln10a.html (870 words)

	LDS Criticisms-- Weight of Gold Plates
		It is therefore interesting to note that the Book of Mormon plates were laid atop two stones which lay across the bottom of the stone box so that the plates would not be exposed to water or dirt.
		Thus, according to Putnam’s calculations, the Book of Mormon plates (which were probably tumbaga) were between 8 and 12 carat gold and thus would have weighed between 53 and 86 pounds.
		To the eye, however, the tumbaga plates would have had the appearance of pure gold.
	www.mormonfortress.com /gweight.html (0 words)

	Injil Cebuano - Jeremiah 52
		52:17 Ug ang mga haligi nga tumbaga nga diha sa sulod sa balay ni Jehova, ug ang mga ugbokanan, ug ang dagat-dagat nga tumbaga nga diha sa sulod sa balay ni Jehova, gidugmok sa mga Caldeahanon, ug gidala ang mga tumbaga niini ngadto sa Babilonia.
		52:18 Ang mga kawa usab, ug ang mga pala, ug ang mga kumpit nga igpapalong, ug ang mga dolang, ug ang mga cuchara, ug ang tanang mga tumbaga nga sudlanan nga ilang pagagamiton sa pag-alagad, ilang gipanagdala.
		52:22 Ug ang ulo-ulo nga tumbaga diha sa ibabaw niini; ug ang kahabogon sa usa ka ulo-ulo lima ka maniko, uban ang mga rihas ug mga granada sa ibabaw sa ulo-ulo nga nagalibut niini, ang tanan lonlon tumbaga: ug ang ikaduha ka haligi usab ang tanan sama niini, ug ang mga granada.
	www.godrules.net /library/Austronesian/cebuano/cebuanojer52.htm (997 words)

	Municipality of Bagulin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In a far-flung Barangay of Tio-angan, Bagulin, La Union, from a prominent family of politicians, Buansi Tumbaga and Dula Albine Tumbaga was born on October 12, 1939 the second child who was christened SALCEDO ALBINA TUMBAGA, now the municipal mayor of Bagulin, La Union.
		Mayor Tumbaga finished his elementary education at Kapangan, Benguet and his secondary and tertiary education at Congress College in Agoo, La Union.
		He was married to the late classroom teacher Nora Dumaguing Tumbaga who also served as the local chief executive of this interior town from 1998-2001.
	elgu2.ncc.gov.ph /bagulin/index.php?cat1=2&cat2=1 (199 words)

	buyers-avoid-capital-gains-by-trading.asp
		According to Julie Tumbaga, vice president and regional manager of OREXCO 1031 Exchange — a leading exchange facilitator and consultant — this tax code allows a property owner to defer payment of capital gains tax arising from the sale of property, if the proceeds are reinvested in a property of like kind.
		Tumbaga says that investors shouldn’t be intimidated about exchanging properties.
		The biggest misunderstanding about the process is related to how much needs to be reinvested — you need to reinvest the entire sales price — the total of what you originally paid for the property you’re trading, plus the gain.
	www.pruhawaii.com /buyers-avoid-capital-gains-by-trading.asp (536 words)

	Rare Pre-Columbian Gilded Tumbaga Frog Pendant Necklace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It's one of the largest and most elaborate Tumbaga frog effigies we've ever seen, measuring a full 2" long and surfaced with dazzling, extremely high-carat gold.
		Found with normal and natural patina circa 1950, the piece was then reconditioned: polished and possibly also gold-dipped to restore its original pre-Columbian appearance.
		Tumbaga, if the term is unfamiliar, refers to a coppery gold alloy used circa in Central America.
	www.goantiques.com /detail,rare-pre-columbian,1026989.html (291 words)

	.:: BRUTAL NOISE ::. Brutal Bands ::. LaTUMBAGA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		La TUMBAGA, Term used by native pre-columbine cultures to define an ancient handcraft technique, involving Gold and Cupper, which Spaniards invaders confused with real gold, and natives took it as a protector of their important treasures.
		After some adjusts on the line-up, La TUMBAGA, is now working on their first album release, which is going to out on record stores on April 2006.
		La TUMBAGA, is a power-trio and its music involves elements of hardcore and Latin music, where its style is rooted.
	www.brutalnoise.com /latumbaga (278 words)

	Exodus Chapter 27 - Cebuano Bible
		Ug himoon mo ang mga sungay niini sa ibabaw sa upat ka nasikohan: ang mga sungay bahin nga nayon uban niini; ug pagahal-upan mo kini ug tumbaga.
		Ug magbuhat ka ug mga yayongan alang sa halaran, mga yayongan sa kahoy nga acacia, ug hal-upan mo kini ug tumbaga.
		Ug ang mga haligi niini kaluhaan, ug ang mga tungtunganan niini kaluhaan, nga binuhat sa tumbaga: ang mga sab-onganan sa mga haligi ug ang ilang mga tarogo pagahimoon sa salapi.
	www.apibs.org /bs/cebuano/B02C027.htm (651 words)

	plates
		writer Reed Putnam long ago suggested that the plates Moroni delivered to him may have been made of a strong alloy known to the natives of Mexico as tumbaga, which looks like gold, is soft enough to take the engravings, yet is hard enough to preserve them for a very long time.
		Because it is an alloy of gold and copper, tumbaga is lighter than gold.
		Unlike books printed on paper, in which the sheets lie perfectly flat against each other, the plates were first hammered and then engraved with characters.
	www.prospector-utah.com /plates.htm (877 words)

	Daniel Frank Sedwick: Shipwreck Gold & Silver Ingots
		The wreck is still unidentified, its exact location undisclosed (to protect future salvage), but the items it has yielded, being among the first gold and silver to come from the New World, are too rare and historically important to be overlooked for their nebulous salvage origin.
		The wildly varying purities of these bars are reminiscent of the "tumbaga" gold bars of the 1520s that were sold in the 1990s.
		What few markings are present seem to confirm that these ingots vary wildly in purity, with some ingots even showing (by color) a lot of gold content, as was the case of the famous "tumbaga" silver bars of the 1520s that I offered in the 1990s.
	www.sedwickcoins.com /shipwreck_ingots.htm (740 words)

	Times & Seasons » The Tumbaga Pla-ates La-ay Hi-i-dden
		Okay, so the idea that the Golden Plates weren’t really made of gold, but rather out of a lighter alloy called tumbaga has now been kicking around for almost 40 years.
		So tumbaga and gold don’t seem to be exclusive categories.
		In typical FARMS B.S. They conviently forget to mention that tumbaga isn’t known to be in use until well after 421 AD.
	www.timesandseasons.org /index.php?p=2211 (0 words)

	Daniel Frank Sedwick: History
		While it is a shame that these artifacts no longer exist, at least their one-time presence is confirmed by what have become known as "tumbaga" bars: a group of over 200 silver and gold ingots discovered in the remains of a ca.-1528 shipwreck off Grand Bahama Island.
		These 133 silver bars represented a corner on the market, as the rest of the bars found (including all the gold bars) were either sold at auction or doled out to company officials and contractors well before we made our large purchase.
		Each bar is described in detail in the book Tumbaga Silver for Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire, by Douglas Armstrong, a professional conservator hired by the salvage company to clean and preserve all the silver "tumbaga" bars.
	www.sedwickcoins.com /history.htm (858 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin Hawaii News
		In papers filed with District Court, Patricia Aki said she received a call Saturday from Tanya Mamala-Tumbaga, her son's former girlfriend and the mother of her two grandchildren.
		According to Aki, Kahealani Indreginal's mother, Lehua Tumbaga, came on the line and allegedly began screaming at Aki about media reports that Christopher Aki's defense would implicate Tumbaga's brother, Dennis Cacatian, as the killer.
		Aki said she is concerned about her grandchildren, and continually prays for peace and comfort for the Indreginal and Tumbaga families.
	www.starbulletin.com /2004/03/24/news/story2.html (0 words)

	Fredohebshalom.com Fred Shalom Fred Ohebshalom Cauca culture
		In later epochs, economy based on the cultivation of.
		Cauca goldwork is principally known for two kinds of figures.
		The other series of pieces are nose rings shaped like twisted nails.
	www.fredohebshalom.com /cauca.htm (0 words)

	✓ Tumbaga - Alopezie-Ambulanz.de - AlopezieAmbulanz
		Tumbaga (auch Tumbago) ist eine Legierung mit den Hauptbestandteilen Gold und Kupfer.
		Tumbaga hat einen niedrigeren Schmelzpunkt und eine grÃ¶Ãere HÃ¤rte als Gold.
		Die Legierung war besonders in Altkolumbien und in Mittelamerika verbreitet.
	alopezie-ambulanz.de /index.php/Tumbaga (1964 words)

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