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Topic: Tumbuka language

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	Tumbuka language resources
		Tumbuka (tum) - 7 9 12 12 13 13 15 15 15 15 15 15 Turkish (tr) 1876 2099 2293 2382 2552 2922 3128 3636 4345 5253 6332 9199...
		Tumbuka Turkish Turkmen Tuvaluan Tuvinian Twi Ugaritic Uighur Ukrainian Umbundu Undetermined Urdu Uzbek Vai Venda Vietnamese Volapuk Votic Wakashan languages Walamo Waray Washo Welsh Wolof Xhosa Yakut...
		Tumbuka Turkish Turkish, Ottoman Turkmen Twi Ugaritic Uighur Ukrainian Umbundu Undetermined Urdu Uzbek Vai Venda Vietnamese Votic Wakashan languages Walamo Waray Washo Welsh Wolof Xhosa Yao Yap Yiddish Yoruba Zapotec Zenaga Zulu...
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Tumbuka.html (1258 words)

	Language and Learning in Zambia
		Their own local languages, and even in the school s the medium of instruction was in their own local language at least up to the 4th grade.
		By 1950, the language policy in African schools was that the mother tongue was to be used as medium of instruction during the first two years of primary education and a dominant vernacular to be used up to standard Five and thereafter English was to replace the local languages.
		Currently local languages are only being used as referral languages for linguistic studies: UNZA is strongly being urged to create a Bureau (a department) of Zambian languages Research similar to the one at the University of Dar-Es-Salaam (the Institute of Swahili Research).
	www2.ncsu.edu /ncsu/aern/manpisi.html (3694 words)

	Tumbuka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Tumbuka belongs to the Tumbuka group of Bantu (Guthrie N20) and is spoken in northern and central Malawi and the Lundazi District of Zambia.
		In Zambia, Vail reports, "while Tumbuka is recognized as a major language of the country, it is not one of its official languages.
		This means that while it may be spoken and have literature published in it, it is not used on the Zambia Broadcasting System." In Malawi, Tumbuka had its former (colonial) official status removed by government action, thereby prohibiting anything to be printed in it aside from the Bible and religious tracts.
	www.isp.msu.edu /AfrLang/language.php?id=76 (206 words)

	Literacy Online - Proceedings of the 1996 World Conference on Literacy
		The language handicap of the children is frustrated by the requirement of a half hour of English daily in grades 1--4, and an hour daily for grades 5--6.
		Some children are forced to learn in a "foreign language" in their first school years and change to another one (English) later on (Bray 1984:240), as was the case for the Tumbuka children at the school in Malawi mentioned earlier.
		The success of instruction in a non-native language depends on the degree to which the learners have an opportunity to be involved with that language in the real world---both in its spoken and written forms.
	www.literacyonline.org /products/ili/webdocs/ilproc/ilprocvb.htm (6431 words)

	People and Culture of Malawi - Africa
		Tumbuka are found mainly in the north of the country.
		English is the official language and is very widely spoken, particularly in main towns, but sometimes also in remote rural areas.
		Of the other languages spoken in Malawi, Tumbuka is spoken by about 500,000 people in the north, and Yao is spoken by about 600,000 people in the south.
	www.africaguide.com /country/malawi/culture.htm (495 words)

	Tumbuka phrasebook - Wikitravel
		The Tumbuka language is a Bantu language which is spoken in parts of Northern Malawi, Eastern Zambia, and South-Western Tanzania.
		The language of the Tumbuka is called chiTumbuka - the 'chi' in front of Tumbuka meaning 'the language of', similar to 'ki' in kiSwahili or 'se' in seTswana.
		There are substantial differences between the form of Tumbuka spoken in urban areas (which borrows some words from Chichewa/Nyanja) and the "village" or "deep" Tumbuka spoken in villages.
	wikitravel.org /en/Tumbuka_phrasebook (557 words)

	Untitled Document
		In Zambia with a population of 9.1 million, Chinyanja is the first language of 16% of the population and is used and/or understood by at least 42% of the population, according to a survey conducted in 1978 (cf.
		A language is assumed to be a "developed" system, with grammatical rules, a rich lexicon, used in education and in various transactions in the modern civilized, industrialized and technological world.
		For a start, other African languages, most especially Chitumbuka, the main language spoken in the northern part of Malawi and in Zambia, ceased to be used in the media or studied in schools.
	www.humnet.ucla.edu /humnet/aflang/chichewa/background.html (3756 words)

	Our dying languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		As a result, Ngoni was not an everyday language, it was not passed on to future generations and became a second or third language.
		Perhaps, the worst setback to all languages in independent Malawi was the Malawi Congress Party’s 1968 convention which resolved that Chichewa be a national language.
		Some of these languages are spoken by a few hundreds of people and may not be a medium of instruction.
	www.nationmalawi.com /print.asp?articleID=14312 (1147 words)

	[No title]
		Language capability will be recorded on the DD Form 1966 series (Record of Military Processing Armed Forces of the United States) on page 1 and in the "remarks" section.
		General Language testing is given to Army members who have received foreign language training at Government expense, who claim knowledge of a foreign language as a result of civilian education, residence in a foreign country, or family usage, or whose records indicate previous language study.
		These personnel, trained in a foreign language in preparation for a specific assignment, continue to be identified as linguist assets after their initial use and are routinely considered for subsequent linguist assignments.
	www.fas.org /irp/doddir/army/ar611-6.htm (11791 words)

	Tumbuka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		History: The Tumbuka people are made up of a number of groups who have entered northern Malawi over the past 500 to 800 years.
		As other groups arrived in the 17th and 18th centuries from the north and northwest, they settled among the Tumbuka people taking on their language and culture.
		The official language of Malawi is Chichewa and English but Chitumbuka has seen a reemphasis with the multiparty elections of 1994.
	cesa.imb.org /peoplegroups/tumbuka.htm (698 words)

	Tsonga language resources
		Tsonga Tswana Tumbuka Turkish Turkmen Tuvaluan Tuvinian Twi Ugaritic Uighur Ukrainian Umbundu Undetermined Urdu Uzbek Vai Venda Vietnamese Volapuk Votic Wakashan languages Walamo Waray Washo Welsh...
		Tsonga Language Tswana Language Turkish Language Turkmen Language Twi Language Ukrainian Language Urdu Language Uzbek Language Venda Language Vietnamese Language Xhosa Language Xitsonga Language Yiddish Language...
		Tsonga Tswana Tumbuka Tupi languages Turkish Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Turkmen Tuvalu Tuvinian Twi Udmurt Ugaritic Uighur Ukrainian Umbundu Undetermined Upper Sorbian Urdu Uzbek Vai Valencian Venda Vietnamese VolapÃ¼k...
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Tsonga.html (1318 words)

	People Profile of the Nsenga People of Mozambique
		Other Nsenga (or Senga) groups in Zambia speak a Senga dialect of the common Chewa (Nyanja) language spoken by their neighbouring ethnic groups or a dialect of the Tumbuka language.
		Some Nsenga groups in Zambia speak forms of language which, even thought they still call it Nsenga, the speech is actually now a dialect of Tumbuka (Zambia and Tanzania).
		The language of the Nsenga is a Bantu language called by the same name.
	endor.hsutx.edu /~obiwan/cesa2006/nsenga.html (853 words)

	Tumbuka at AllExperts
		The Tumbuka are a bantu ethnic group living in Northern Malawi, Eastern Zambia and Southern Tanzania.
		The language of the Tumbuka is called chiTumbuka - the 'chi' in front of Tumbuka meaning 'the language of the' just like 'ki' in kiSwahili or 'se' in seTswana.
		Tumbuka is a Bantu language, similar to Swahili in structure and vocabulary.
	en.allexperts.com /e/t/tu/tumbuka.htm (194 words)

	mugandadance
		The name of the dance is derived from the Tumbuka language term ganda which means "to march like soldiers." The name of the dance is also depicts the loud boom sound from the large marching band style drum that is used during the dance.
		The mganda dance is also a channel for community and individual artistic self expression that depict elements of joy, confrontation, political and social caricature and mimicry of the past and present expressed in the song lyrics and especially dance routines.
		Perhaps one of the most significant functions is that the mganda dance among the Tumbuka encourages healthy competition among communities and bodily cleanliness.
	www.bridgewater.edu /~mtembo/mugandadance.html (1722 words)

	Africanews - 19D (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		For the Tumbuka people, the sense of identity was lost through the ban of the Tumbuka language.
		The Tumbuka language was banned but Christian churches in the northern region continued to use it.
		During news, one is surprised to hear the news in all the five languages.
	web.peacelink.it /afrinews/19_issue/p4.html (1094 words)

	Ngonde (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Modern studies of the Bantu expansion in Africa show that the Ngonde are the end of a group of people that first traveled south of Lake Malawi, circled back north through what is now Mozambique and Tanzania, and then ended up at the top of the lake.
		Linguistically, the Ngonde language (Kyangonde) is believed to be a 'two-parent' language, meaning that it formed from two others in the Bantu family.
		Recently, during a lunar eclipse, many Ngonde came out of their homes banging pots and pans to chase away the spirits that were stealing the moon's light.
	cesa.imb.org /peoplegroups/ngonde.htm (1977 words)

	Tumbuka - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Tumbuka are a bantu ethnic group living in Northern Malawi, Eastern Zambia and Southern Tanzania.
		Tumbuka is a Bantu language, similar to Swahili in structure and vocabulary.
		Some common names in Tumbuka are Mhango, Nyirenda, Nyasulu, Mhone and Kamanga, Ngwira, Mkandawire and Msiska.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tumbuka (187 words)

	Shona language resources
		The Bantu language with the largest number of speakers is Swahili (G 40), while those with the most native speakers are Shona and Zulu.
		Shona (or ChiShona) is a native language of Zimbabwe; the term is also used to identify those Kintu speaking peoples in Southern Africa who speak one of the Shona languages.
		Shona is a written standard language with an orthography and grammar that was codified during the early 20th century and fixed in the 1950s.
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Shona.html (1440 words)

	Bibles in Tumbuka and Ngonde for people in the remote north (0506c)
		Tumbuka is the main language spoken in the northern region of Malawi.
		In both of these language areas the literacy rate is fairly high.
		The Bible Society has organised a project to supply 8,000 of these local language Bibles every year, at first through the churches and bookshops in Mzuzu, and later through a depot which the Society hopes to set up for the region.
	www.o-21.org /projects/project.asp?id=306 (234 words)

	Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		One of the fruits of the post-Banda political dispensation has been the freedom to form language and cultural associations - and the Chitumbuka Language and Culture Association (CLACA) is one example.
		One of CLACA's self-given responsibilities is that of a language guardian.
		In keeping with this role, CLACA has made a number of pronouncements aimed at determining, for example, what the "real" Chitumbuka is; who the "genuine" speakers of Chitumbuka are; and what culturally corrosive issues should be excluded from Chitumbuka-medium textbooks; and so on.
	www.njas.helsinki.fi /abstracts/vol13num3/abstract_13_3_3.html (170 words)

	The Nsenga People of Mozambique -- A Cultural Profile
		Other Nsenga (or Senga) groups in Zambia speak a Senga dialect of the common Chewa (Nyanja) language spoken by their neighbouring ethnic groups or a dialect of the Tumbuka language.
		The language of the Nsenga is a Bantu language called by the same name.
		Part of the Bible was published in the Nsenga language for the first time in 1919.
	orvillejenkins.com /profiles/nsenga.html (779 words)

	Languages of Zambia - A Go2Africa Zambia travel guide
		Bemba is the most commonly spoken African language in Zambia, and is used for education and administration.
		Other languages spoken by large numbers of people in Zambia are Tonga, Nyanja, Lozi, Tumbuka, Nsenga and Mambwe.
		Travellers who make the effort to say a few words in a local language are always appreciated by Zambians.
	www.go2africa.com /zambia/people/language.asp (202 words)

	Issues: Perspectives (November 1999): In Memoriam: H. Leroy Vail
		As African Studies at Wisconsin developed to add a department of African languages and literatures, Leroy moved into Bantu linguistics, took up research on the Tumbuka language in northern Malawi from a post as lecturer in history at the University of Malawi (1967–71), and wrote his dissertation, "Aspects of the Tumbuka Verb" (1972).
		And so Leroy's research on Tumbuka verbs produced early articles on the noun classes of Tumbuka and Ndall and "suggestions toward a reinterpreted Tumbuka history," firmly set in a biting critique of imperial business in central Africa, which he soon extended into the lower Zambezi Valley in Mozambique.
		Working with Leroy, colleagues and students remember well, was not always so comfortable but, with his direct challenges consistently softened by wry wit and a twinkle in the eye, always worth the acknowledgment that, listening to you, he had thought of things you hadn't.
	www.historians.org /perspectives/issues/1999/9911/9911mem13.cfm?pv=n (1205 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:TUW
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		It has been superseded by the corresponding entry in the 15th edition (2005).
		Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, N, Tumbuka (N.20).
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=TUW (157 words)

	CBOLD Bibliography: full citations
		Edminston, A. Grammar and dictionary of the Bushonga or Bukuba language
		Language change and the material correlates of language and ethnic shift.
		Eisemon, T. O., Prouty, R., Schwille, J. What language should be used for teaching?: Language policy and school reform in Burundi.
	www.linguistics.berkeley.edu /~jblowe/CBOLD/Bibs/BibAu.16.html (1097 words)

	Michigan State University Press \| Tumbuka/Tonga - English & English - Tumbuka/Tonga Dictionary \| Wm. Y. Turner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This is probably the only dictionary of the two languages of Northern Malawi, spoken by some two million Malawians, ever to be published.
		The publication is of primary importance, given the precarious status of these languages, which were once threatened with extinction - the result, in part, of a government policy to nationalise one language.
		The culture of the people is inextricably linked with language, and the freer political dispensation over the last ten years has given the opportunity for the different language groups in Malawi to work to revive and preserve their threatened languages and culture.
	msupress.msu.edu /bookTemplate.php?bookID=2526 (151 words)

	Tumbuka Bibles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Tumbuka (aka ChiTumbuka) is a language of Malawi (Africa).
		You can purchase the Tumbuka New Testament on audio cassette from Faith Comes By Hearing.
		For information on the availability of the Tumbuka Bible in print, please contact the Bible Society in Malawi.
	www.ethnicharvest.org /bibles/tumbuka.htm (113 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Botne, Robert (1993) Differenciating the auxiliaries -ti and -va in Tumbuka (N.21).
		Elmslie, W. (1---) Grammar of the Tumbuka language.
		Vail, H. (1972) Aspects of the Tumbuka Verb.
	www.albany.edu /~lb527/Tumbuka.html (144 words)

	Bay Foreign Language Books Ltd
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		By selecting a Language and/or Topic from the Language and/or Topic boxes, all books, matching your selection will be listed.
		Alternatively, when a word contained within a title is entered into this box, all books whose title contain that keyword will be listed.
	www.baylanguagebooks.co.uk /search.asp (94 words)

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