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Topic: Tumor suppressor gene

	Tumor suppressor gene Summary
		By contrast, tumor suppressor genes normally repress, or "put the brakes on," the activation of the pathways.
		Unlike oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes generally follow the 'two-hit hypothesis,' which implies that both alleles that code for a particular gene must be affected before an effect is manifested.
		Tumor suppressor genes, or more precisely, the proteins for which they code, either have a dampening or repressive effect on the regulation of the cell cycle or promote apoptosis, and sometimes do both.
	www.bookrags.com /Tumor_suppressor_gene (1840 words)

	Molecular Guide - MGH Brain Tumor Center
		The p53 gene, a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 17p, has an integral role in a number of cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, response to DNA damage, apoptosis, angiogenesis and differentiation; as a result, p53 has been dubbed the "guardian of the genome".
		This gene maps to a region of chromosome 19q13.3, telomeric to the marker D19S219 and centromeric to the HRC gene 26,27.
		The gene responsible for VHL has been identified 85 and is mutated in sporadic hemangioblastomas 86, suggesting that the VHL gene acts as a classical tumor suppressor and is involved in both sporadic hemangioblastomas and familial tumors.
	brain.mgh.harvard.edu /MolecularGenetics.htm (8023 words)

	ScienceDaily: Researchers Locate Tumor-suppressor Gene In Fruit Flies That Controls Cell Production, Death
		Tumor Suppressor Genes Predict Bladder Cancer Future (March 18, 2004) -- The presence of two mutated genes in bladder cancer tumors indicates there is a high risk that the cancer will continue grow and spread, said a Baylor College of Medicine (BCM) researcher in a report...
		Tumor suppressor gene -- A tumor suppressor gene is a gene that reduces the probability that a cell in a multicellular organism will turn into a tumor cell.
		BRCA2 -- BRCA2 is a human gene that is involved in the repair of chromosomal damage and belongs to a class of genes known as tumor suppressor genes.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2003/07/030721085612.htm (1746 words)

	ACS :: Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes
		Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, and tell cells when to die (a process known as apoptosis or programmed cell death).
		Genes that repair DNA: A second group of tumor suppressor genes is responsible for repairing DNA damage.
		Cell "suicide" genes: If there is too much damage to a cell’s DNA to be fixed by the DNA repair genes, the p53 tumor suppressor gene is responsible for destroying the cell by a process sometimes described as "cell suicide." Other names for this process are programmed cell death or apoptosis.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/ETO/content/ETO_1_4x_oncogenes_and_tumor_suppressor_genes.asp (3840 words)

	Tumor Suppressors
		The RB gene encompasses 27 exons that span 180 kb of chromosome 13.
		A 370 kbp stretch of DNA from the region of 18q suspected to contain the tumor suppressor gene was cloned.
		Tumor suppressor genes located on chromosome 17p and 18q are critically involved in the development of most gastric cancers.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/tumor-suppressors.html (3572 words)

	Tumor Suppressor Gene Study: News: University of Iowa Health Care
		The long-term goal of the UI study is to understand the mechanisms that control expression of this important gene and to use that information to determine molecular targets that might lead to novel cancer therapies.
		Tumor suppressor genes, as the name suggests, prevent cells from becoming cancerous.
		If tumor suppressor genes are impaired or switched off, cancerous changes can take hold of a cell and cancer can develop.
	www.uihealthcare.com /news/news/2003/12/29sod2.html (414 words)

	Journal of Carcinogenesis \| Full text \| Tumor suppressor gene alterations in patients with malignant mesothelioma due ...
		In this study, we aimed to determine tumor suppressor gene (TSG) loss in genomic DNA which was isolated from pleural fluid and blood samples of patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) due to environmental asbestos exposure.
		In this study, we aimed to determine LOH in a possible tumor suppressor gene (TSG) region in the pleural fluid samples of patients with MPM contracted, most probably, because of exposure to environmental asbestos in the Elazig Region of Turkey.
		Although some important TSG losses in 6q and 9p, which may have an important effect in the development of this malignity, have been reported, the presence of TSG losses at 6q in the early stages of MPM and 9p in advanced stage of MPM are stressed [17].
	www.carcinogenesis.com /content/5/1/23 (3437 words)

	ScienceDaily: Scientists Find Unusual Lung-cancer Tumor-suppressor Gene
		Science Daily — Researchers have identified a new and unusual tumor suppressor gene that may be important in cancers of the lung and head and neck.
		Restoring Silenced Suppressor Gene Kills Lung-cancer Cells (October 19, 2005) -- A new study suggests that restoring a gene often silenced in lung cancer causes the cells to self-destruct.
		New Breast Cancer Gene Discovered (October 9, 2002) -- Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and the University of Washington have discovered a new tumor suppressor gene that is missing or inactive in as many as 60% of breast cancers, and is also...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/01/060119233405.htm (2024 words)

	Scientists Find Unusual Lung-Cancer Tumor-Suppressor Gene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		COLUMBUS, OH -- January 18, 2006 -- Researchers have identified a new and unusual tumor suppressor gene that may be important in cancers of the lung and head and neck.
		The gene, known as TCF21, is silenced in tumor cells through a chemical change known as DNA methylation, a process that is potentially reversible.
		The gene is also often silenced or lost in a variety of other cancers, including breast and ovarian cancer, melanoma and lymphoma.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/256df6.htm (792 words)

	Myriad Genetics Awarded US Patent For P19 Tumor Suppressor Gene
		The p19 gene is an important regulator of the p53 cancer pathway with potential application in gene therapy, protein therapy and drug discovery for treatment of many different cancers.
		The p53 gene is mutated in over half of all types of cancer and is the most common tumor suppressor yet discovered.
		The p19 gene plays an important regulatory role in the process by preventing the degradation of the p53 gene's protein, thus preserving the body's ability to suppress cell growth and prevent tumor formation.
	www.myriad.com /news/release/212163 (523 words)

	New tumor-suppressor gene discovered
		The mats gene is thought to be present in all plants and animals, and Lai's lab identified defective mats genes in a human skin-cancer tumor and in a mouse breast-cancer tumor.
		This is the first time that any gene in the large superfamily to which the mats gene belongs has been shown to play a critical role in growth inhibition.
		The researchers also inserted a human mats gene into the line of mats-mutant flies and found that the human gene is able to perform the same function as the fly gene.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=21051 (949 words)

	ISOLATION OF A SECOND WILMS TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE
		Some of the first tumor suppressor genes were identified through studies of pediatric malignancies including the RB and WTI genes.
		In the case of Wilms' tumors, further investigations have led to the discovery of other potential tumor suppressor genes on chromosomes 11, 16 as well as an unmapped familial form.
		The availability of the WT2 gene will broaden the understanding of tumor suppressor gene functions, provide important clues about the process of normal mammalian tissue development including genomic imprinting and impact upon treatment and detection of human cancer.
	www.med.unc.edu /wrkunits/1dean/research/weissman149.html (554 words)

	WWOX: A Fragile Gene on Chromosome 16 Acts as a Tumor Suppressor Gene - DERT
		Further studies on this gene in breast tumor cell lines were conducted to investigate this possibility.
		The investigators also found differences in the sequence of the WWOX gene in various carcinoma cell lines, multiple myeloma cell lines, and breast tumors suggesting that these changes in thesequence inactivate the tumor suppressor activity of the gene.
		WWOX, the FRA16D gene, behaves as a suppressor of tumor growth.
	www.niehs.nih.gov /dert/profiles/hilites/2001/wwox.htm (269 words)

	Scientist Identify Tumor Suppressor Gene Implicated In Breast Cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Adding to this arsenal, sophisticated future treatments are expected to use gene therapy to restore functional tumor suppressor genes and will depend on the discovery of promising therapeutic targets such as the WT1 gene.
		In the complex microworld of the cell, the culprit gene or molecule underlying a disease may be influenced by surrounding molecular events.
		For example, while the absence of a functional WT1 gene is frequently seen in breast tumors, WT1 is curiously present in a highly malignant subset of advanced breast tumors.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/314EE.htm (756 words)

	New Tumor Suppressor Gene Linked to Cancer Predisposition
		This âsecond tierâ of genes, on the other hand, may heighten the risk of cancer for a much larger group of patients, says Dr. Carlo Croce, director of the Human Cancer Genetics Program at The Ohio State University and senior author of the study.
		Most of the genes in that family are oncogenes, meaning that when activated, they cause cells to grow out of control.
		ARLTS1, on the other hand, is a tumor suppressor gene â“ a gene that normally helps the body identify and destroy suspicious-looking cells before they undergo malignant transformation and spread.
	medicalcenter.osu.edu /mediaroom/press/article.cfm?ID=2022 (874 words)

	VHL Tumor Suppressor Gene Found!
		The entire gene is 6 to 6.5 kilobases in length; the identified sequence is 1.8 kilobases in length.
		They were able to confirm that the VHL gene behaves as a typical tumor suppressor gene, as defined in Knudson's theory of human carcinogenesis
		Researchers are hoping to have the gene's full sequence within the year, and a 100% accurate diagnostic test for VHL should soon follow.
	www.vhl.org /newsletter/vhl1993/93bagene.htm (1190 words)

	HHMI News: Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Triggers Colon Cancer
		Researchers have found the first connection between the loss of a tumor suppressor gene and activation of a cancer-promoting oncogene, a scenario thought to be prevalent in the initiation of many cancers but which has never been proven.
		The scientists found that mutated APC genes, regarded as one of the body's master brakes on cell growth, switch on c- MYC, a gene long associated with cancers of various sorts in both animals and humans.
		Mutations in the APC gene were found in the hundreds of polyps that populate the colons of patients with an inherited disease, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).
	www.hhmi.org /news/vogelstein.html (715 words)

	Haploinsufficiency of the Pten tumor suppressor gene promotes prostate cancer progression -- Kwabi-Addo et al. 98 (20): ...
		TRAMP mouse with retention of the WT Pten gene in its tumor for
		Tumors were then analyzed at the Pten locus by Southern blotting and at the adjacent D19Mit119 polymorphic locus by PCR, and four groups were established.
		gene on mouse chromosome 19 not adjacent to the Pten locus that
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/20/11563 (5886 words)

	Scientists Find Unusual Lung-Cancer Tumor-Suppressor Gene
		COLUMBUS, Ohio â“ Researchers have identified a new and unusual tumor suppressor gene that may be important in cancers of the lung and head and neck.
		In addition, says first author Laura T. Smith, a postdoctoral fellow in Plassâ laboratory, âbecause this gene is silenced by DNA methylation, it might be possible to reactivate it using drugs that reverse the methylation process.
		The researchers examined the region in about 50 tumor samples from patients with head and neck squamous-cell carcinomas and with non-small-cell lung cancer, which is responsible for about 85 percent of lung cancer cases.
	www.medicalcenter.osu.edu /mediaroom/press/article.cfm?ID=2444 (867 words)

	TP53 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Through the effect of the protein that it produces, TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene, which means that it regulates the cycle of cell division by keeping cells from growing and dividing too fast or in an uncontrolled way.
		The TP53 gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 17 at position 13.1, from base pair 7,512,463 to base pair 7,531,641.
		For example, TP53 gene mutations have been identified in several types of brain tumor, a type of bone cancer called osteosarcoma, a cancer of muscle tissue called rhabdomyosarcoma, and adrenocortical carcinoma (a cancer of the outer layer of the adrenal glands, which are small glands located on top of each kidney).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/P53_gene (774 words)

	Tumor suppressor gene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The functions of tumor suppressor proteins fall into several categories [1] including:
		Repression of genes that are essential for the continuing of the cell cycle.
		Some proteins involved in cell adhesion prevent tumor cells from dispersing, block loss of contact inhibition, and inhibit metastasis [2]
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tumor_suppressor_gene (499 words)

	Tumor-Suppressor Gene Serves as Novel Therapeutic Target
		One common cause of cancer is the silencing of tumor-suppressor genes.
		This gene was silenced in these tumors by a process called promoter methylation, a hallmark of many known tumor-suppressor genes.
		PTPRO gene is also silenced in human liver and lung tumors, and that the gene exhibits many other characteristics of a bona fide tumor suppressor.
	www.jamesline.com /research/programs/index.cfm?ID=1610 (468 words)

	Scientists find unusual lung-cancer tumor-suppressor gene
		Researchers have identified a new and unusual tumor suppressor gene that may be important in cancers of the lung and head and neck.
		For this study, Plass and his colleagues systematically scanned the same chromosome region using a technology known as restriction landmark genome scanning, which identifies methylated genes.
		"A picture is emerging that certain genes tend to be silenced mainly by DNA methylation, while others tend to be silenced by genetic mutations," Plass says.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-01/osu-sfu011806.php (716 words)

	Wilms' Tumor Suppressor Gene WT1: From Structure to Renal Pathophysiologic Features -- MROWKA and SCHEDL 11 (Supplement ...
		Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma) is a childhood tumor of the kidney
		Immunohistochemical analysis of Wilms' tumor suppressor gene 1 (WT1) (A and B) and paired-box-containing gene 2 (PAX2) (C and D) (red) and synaptopodin (A to D) (green) during kidney development (embryonic day 17.5).
		Drummond IA, Madden SL, Rohwer Nutter P, Bell GI, Sukhatme VP, Rauscher FJ: Repression of the insulin-like growth factor II gene by the Wilms tumor suppressor WT1.
	jasn.asnjournals.org /cgi/content/full/11/suppl_2/S106 (5864 words)

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