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Topic: Tumour Necrosis Factor

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	Tumor necrosis factor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		TNFα was isolated in 1975 by Carswell et al as a soluble factor released by host cells that caused necrosis of a transplanted tumor, "sarcoma Meth A".
		TNFα is released by white blood cells, endothelium and several other tissues in the course of damage, e.g.
		Inhibition of TNFα with a monoclonal antibody, such as infliximab (Remicade®) or adalimumab (Humira®); or a circulating receptor fusion protein such as etanercept (Enbrel®), are used in modern treatment of various autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease and psoriasis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tumour_necrosis_factor (516 words)

	Tumor necrosis factor
		Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a cytokine produced primarily by monocytes and macrophages.
		The receptors for the Tumor necrosis factor are on several mononuclear cells, in the synovial membrane, as well as the peripheral blood and synovial fluid.
		Abstract : Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) is a critical inflammatory mediator in rheumatoid arthritis, and may therefore be a useful target for specific immunotherapy.
	www.arthritis.co.za /tnf.htm (620 words)

	Australian Prescriber - Managing patients taking tumour necrosis factor inhibitors
		Tumour necrosis factor is a critical pro-inflammatory cytokine in the cascade of inflammatory joint diseases.
		As of June 2005 all TNF inhibitors are indicated for rheumatoid arthritis irrespective of the patient's rheumatoid factor status.
		Tumour necrosis factor blockers do not increase overall tumour risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but may be associated with an increased risk of lymphomas.
	www.australianprescriber.com /magazine/29/3/67/70 (1866 words)

	Tumour necrosis factor receptor levels are linked to the acute-phase response and malnutrition in ...
		Tumour necrosis factor receptor levels are linked to the acute-phase response and malnutrition in human-immunodeficiency-virus-infected patients.
		Elevated serum concentrations of tumour necrosis factor have, however, mainly been found during acute opportunistic infections and were not correlated with the degree of wasting.
		Serum levels of soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors 55 and 75 were measured by an enzyme-linked immunological and biological binding assay in 45 human-immunodeficiency-virus-infected patients and seven healthy control subjects.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1994/aug/M9480726.html (410 words)

	eMJA: Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors
		Although the triggering factors for many autoimmune diseases are not known, one of the key inflammatory mediators in the attending chronic inflammatory process is the cytokine, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).
		TNF inhibitors are generally well tolerated, with prompt onset of action and much earlier relief of symptoms compared with standard DMARD therapy in rheumatoid arthritis, or with standard immunosuppressive therapy in Crohn’s disease.
		The TNF inhibitors represent an important new group of agents shown to significantly improve symptoms and signs, function and quality of life, induce remission and reduce objectively measured damage in patients with chronic inflammatory and rheumatic conditions.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/183_04_150805/nas10250_fm.html (3057 words)

	News - Tumour Necrosis Factor Blockade May Influence Pneumococcal Vaccine Response
		A DGReview of :"The effect of tumor necrosis factor blockade on the response to pneumococcal vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis"
		Patients receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-á agents do not show a decreased mean antibody response to pneumococcal vaccination.
		"The effect of tumor necrosis factor blockade on the response to pneumococcal vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis"
	www.docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256EB100289727?OpenDocument&id=48DDE4A73E09A969852568880078C249&c=Rheumatoid (433 words)

	Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in psoriatic arthritis: pathophysiology and treatment with TNF inhibitors -- Mease 61 (4): ...
		Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in psoriatic arthritis: pathophysiology and treatment with TNF inhibitors -- Mease 61 (4): 298 -- Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
		Increased levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in the sera and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatic diseases.
		Inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor for rheumatoid arthritis.
	ard.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/61/4/298 (4626 words)

	Tumour necrosis factor & bone marrow transplant complications - Lymphoma-net.org news
		Tumour necrosis factor & bone marrow transplant complications - Lymphoma-net.org news
		In patients who have undergone bone marrow transplants, elevated levels of a protein called tumour necrosis factor (TNF) may indicate an increased risk of dangerous complications, allowing doctors to initiate preventative treatment before symptoms occur, say researchers.
		Furthermore, patients with high TNF levels 7 days after surgery had significantly lower survival rates after a year than those with lower levels of this protein, at 62% and 85%, respectively.
	www.lymphoma-net.org /newshtml/54374.cfm (327 words)

	Tumour necrosis factor {alpha} concentration and collateral flow in patients with coronary artery disease and normal ...
		Tumour necrosis factor {alpha} concentration and collateral flow in patients with coronary artery disease and normal systolic left ventricular function -- Seiler et al.
		Macrophage-induced angiogenesis is mediated by tumour necrosis factor-alpha.
		Tumor necrosis factor type alpha, a potent inhibitor of endothelial cell growth in vitro, is angiogenic in vivo.
	heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/89/1/96 (1030 words)

	Arthritis Research & Therapy \| Full text \| Tumour necrosis factor-alpha stimulates dehydroepiandrosterone ...
		Tumour necrosis factor-alpha stimulates dehydroepiandrosterone metabolism in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes: a role for nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1 in the regulation of expression of cytochrome p450 enzyme 7b
		Tumour necrosis factor-α stimulates dehydroepiandrosterone metabolism in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes: a role for nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1 in the regulation of expression of cytochrome p450 enzyme 7b
		Previous studies implicated a role for TNF receptor I in the regulation of Cyp7b activity [10], but these studies were inconclusive regarding the role played by TNF receptor II in regulation of Cyp7b activity.
	arthritis-research.com /content/7/6/R1271 (4630 words)

	Therapeutic inhibition of tumour necrosis factor {alpha} in patients with heart failure: cooling an inflamed heart -- ...
		Interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor inhibit cardiac myocyte beta-adrenergic responsiveness.
		Dilated cardiomyopathy in transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
		Endogenous tumor necrosis factor protects the adult cardiac myocyte against ischemic-induced apoptosis in a murine model of acute myocardial infarction.
	heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/89/1/14 (2570 words)

	[No title]
		Infliximab, the chimeric antibody to tumour necrosis factor, and etanercept, a fusion protein p75 tumour necrosis factor receptor immunoglobulin, have been shown to be very effective in reducing the chronic symptoms and signs of rheumatoid arthritis in patients who fail to respond to conventional treatment with disease modifying drugs.
		Though tumour necrosis factor blockade was expected to have a major impact on inflammatory symptoms, we did not know whether it would influence bony disease, where evidence suggested that IL-1 was a major mediator.
		Present evidence suggests that blockade of tumour necrosis factor, though effective, does not cure and that permanent treatment is needed.
	www.mercola.com /2002/feb/23/rheumatoid_arthritis.htm (1821 words)

	Tumour necrosis factor and anti-tumour necrosis factor approach to inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central ...
		TNF was overexpressed in the CNS in transgenic mice
		Soluble tumor necrosis factor (NF) receptors are effective therapeutic agents in lethal endotoxemia and function simultaneously as both TNF carriers and TNF antagonists.
		TNF is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine in autoimmune-mediated demyelination.
	ard.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/59/suppl_1/i94 (4981 words)

	Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (US5486595)
		Peptides which consist of 4-25 amino acids and which bind to tumor necrosis factor-alpha, prevent tumor necrosis factor-alpha from binding to its receptors and inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha activity are disclosed.
		Methods of inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-alpha activity and of treating individuals suffering from tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated diseases and disorders are disclosed.
		Piguet et al., "Tumor necrosis factor/Cachectin is an effector of skin and gut lesions of the acute phase of graft-vs.-host disease," J. Exp. Med., 166:1280-1289, 1987.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn10=US05486595 (920 words)

	Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMS)
		Electron microscopic observations have shown that destruction of tumour cells by activated macrophages is a non-phagocytic, lytic process.85 The inter-action between the activated macrophages and the neoplastic cells involved intimate cellular binding, was temperature dependent and required viable, metabolically active effector cells.
		The concurrent action of several macrophage-derived cytotoxic molecules, therefore, is required for lysis of tumour cells, suggesting that the inhibition of one type of cytotoxic molecule may be sufficient for the tumour to escape damage and survive.
		Tumour necrosis factor as immunomodulator and mediator of monocyte cytotoxicity induced by itself, gamma-interferon and interleukin-1.
	www.rcsed.ac.uk /journal/vol45_1/4510002.htm (10738 words)

	Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha) blocking agents cause skin disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-24)
		This study shows that another family of anti-arthritis drugs, Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha) blocking agents, trigger skin conditions in 25% of patients undergoing treatment.
		The most frequent conditions that patients on therapy suffered from were: skin infections - 33 infections were recorded; eczema, which was diagnosed 20 times; and drug eruptions, which occurred mainly at the beginning of the treatment and were important enough for 7 patients to stop therapy.
		In addition, 12 patients were diagnosed with skin tumour and 9 with an ulcer.
	www.news-medical.net /?id=8890 (571 words)

	Absence of tumour necrosis factor facilitates primary and recurrent herpes simplex virus-1 infections -- Minagawa et ...
		Absence of tumour necrosis factor facilitates primary and recurrent herpes simplex virus-1 infections -- Minagawa et al.
		Depletion of TNF from the TG explant co-cultivated with syngeneic
		Pasparakis, M., Alexopoulou, L., Episkopou, V. and Kollias, G. Immune and inflammatory responses in TNF alpha-deficient mice: a critical requirement for TNF alpha in the formation of primary B cell follicles, follicular dendritic cell networks and germinal centers, and in the maturation of the humoral immune response.
	vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/85/2/343 (2707 words)

	Epstein-Barr virus encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and TNF receptor associated factors (TRAF): colocalisation ...
		Epstein-Barr virus encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and TNF receptor associated factors (TRAF): colocalisation of LMP1 and TRAF1 in primary EBV infection and in EBV associated Hodgkin lymphoma -- Siegler et al.
		Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 is overexpressed in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin disease and Epstein-Barr virus transformed lymphoid cells.
		Expression of the tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factors 1 and 2 in Hodgkin disease.
	mp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/56/3/156 (3191 words)

	Association of tumour necrosis factor alpha variants with the CF pulmonary phenotype -- Yarden et al. 60 (4): 320 -- ...
		Association of tumour necrosis factor alpha variants with the CF pulmonary phenotype -- Yarden et al.
		Genes for the tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta are linked to the human major histocompatibility complex.
		Polymorphisms of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene, coronary heart disease and obesity.
	www.arabmedmag.com /issue-30-06-2005/pneumology/main03.htm (3064 words)

	Circulating tumour necrosis factor alpha & soluble TNF receptors in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome Indian ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-24)
		Circulating tumour necrosis factor alpha and soluble TNF receptors in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome
		This present study was undertaken to find out the role of TNF-[alpha] and soluble TNF receptors in the pathogenesis of GBS; and to study the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (ivIg) therapy on the serum TNF-[alpha] and soluble TNF receptors in patients with GBS.
		However, TNF-[alpha] alone cannot be implicated in the pathogenesis of GBS and other immune factors such as myelin associated glycoproteins as well as antibodies against ganglioside have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of GBS7,8.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3867/is_200305/ai_n9242895 (957 words)

	Alveolar macrophages are the main source for tumour necrosis factor-{alpha} in patients with sarcoidosis -- Fehrenbach ...
		Alveolar macrophages are the main source for tumour necrosis factor-{alpha} in patients with sarcoidosis -- Fehrenbach et al.
		by the release of soluble TNF receptors 18.
		Release of tumor necrosis factor by alveolar macrophages of patients with sarcoidosis.
	erj.ersjournals.com /cgi/content/full/21/3/421 (2803 words)

	Analysis of the human tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha ) gene promoter polymorphisms in children with bone cancer ...
		(tumour necrosis factor-alpha) is a cytokine produced by macrophages and monocytes with a wide range of activities,
		Detection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha protein and messenger RNA in human glial brain tumors.
		Höhler T, Kruger A, Gerken G, Schneider PM, Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH, Rittner C. Tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter polymorphism at position -238 is associated with chronic active hepatitis C infection.
	jmg.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/37/10/789 (1819 words)

	Anti-tumour necrosis factor drugs & cancer risk - Lymphoma-net.org news
		Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who take anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) drugs, which are used to reduce inflammation, may have an increased risk of developing cancer and serious infections, researchers report.
		To investigate, the researchers compared the risk of cancer and serious infections among 3493 patients with RA who had been treated with anti-TNF drugs for 12 weeks or more and 1512 RA patients who received a dummy medication (placebo).
		The team also found that patients treated with any dose of anti-TNF drugs were twice as likely to suffer a serious infection as those who received placebo.
	www.lymphoma-net.org /newshtml/57224.cfm (312 words)

	Pulmonary granulomas after tumour necrosis factor alpha antagonist therapy -- Vavricka et al. 58 (3): 278 -- Thorax
		Infliximab (chimeric anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving concomitant methotrexate: a randomised phase III trial.
		Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha neutralizing agent.
		Fatal granuloma necrosis without exacerbated mycobacterial growth in tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 gene-deficient mice intravenously infected with Mycobacterium avium.
	thorax.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/58/3/278 (822 words)

	Tumour necrosis factor-{alpha} polymorphism and the HLA-Cw*0602 allele in psoriatic arthritis -- Al-Heresh et al. 41 ...
		Tumour necrosis factor-{alpha} polymorphism and the HLA-Cw*0602 allele in psoriatic arthritis -- Al-Heresh et al.
		TNF and lymphotoxin-alpha polymorphisms associated with common variable immunodeficiency: role in the pathogenesis of granulomatous disease.
		Ligand passing: the 75-kDa tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor recruits TNF for signaling by the 55-kDa TNF receptor.
	rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/41/5/525 (2943 words)

	Risk of chemotherapy-induced pulmonary fibrosis is associated with polymorphic tumour necrosis factor-a2 gene -- Libura ...
		An allelic polymorphism within the human tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter region is strongly associated with HLA A1, B8 and DR3 alleles.
		Association of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and class II major histocompatibility complex alleles with the secretion of TNF-alpha and TNF-beta by human mononuclear cells: a possible link to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
		Polymorphism in tumor necrosis factor genes associated with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.
	erj.ersjournals.com /cgi/content/full/19/5/912 (3040 words)

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