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	TUMULUS - LoveToKnow Article on TUMULUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the latter case, if the tumulus of stones covers a megalithic cist or a sepulchral chamber with a passage leading into it from the outside, it is often called a dolmen.
		These have not been often found to be sepulchral, but they are associated with sepulchral mounds of the ordinary form, some of which are as much as 300 ft. in diameter and 90 ft. in height.
		Perhaps the largest tumulus on record is the tomb of Alyattes, king of Lydia, situated near Sardis, constructed in his own lifetime, before 560 B.C. It is a huge mound, 1180 ft. in diameter and 200 ft. high.
	92.1911encyclopedia.org /T/TU/TUMULUS.htm (475 words)

	tumulus - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about tumulus
		Tumulus or burial mound of King Antiochus I, Nemrut Dagi, near Adiyaman, southeastern Turkey.
		The Celtic dolmen and cromlech, the Etruscan tumulus, the Hebrew galgal, are words.
		In the centre was a hillock or tumulus, surmounted by a scorched hawthorn.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /tumulus (164 words)

	USGS Photo Glossary: Tulumus
		Tumulus about 30 m in diameter on the Hilina Pali road on the south flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i.
		A tumulus is created when the upward pressure of slow-moving molten lava within a flow swells or pushes the overlying crust upward.
		Such fractures generally extend along the length of a tumulus, and are frequently accompanied by smaller irregular cracks down the sides.
	volcanoes.usgs.gov /Products/Pglossary/tumulus.html (134 words)

	Tumulus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Burial of Oleg of Novgorod in a tumulus in 912.
		A tumulus (plural tumuli or tumuluses) is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves.
		The tumulus is sorrounded by ceremonial terraces in the east, west and north.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/tumulus (2715 words)

	Tumulus culture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Tumulus culture which followed the Unetice culture, and from which they descended, dominated central Europe during mca 1600 BC tp 1200 BC.
		As the name implies, the Tumulus culture is distinguished by the practice of burying the dead beneath burial mounds.
		This was to end, however, toward the close of the 2nd millennium BC, when there is evidence of wide-spread disruption which affected the "higher civilizations" to the south-east and curbed trade.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tumulus_culture (136 words)

	Bettina Arnold - Heuneburg Archaeological Project: 2002 Excavation
		Tumulus 18 was approximately 20m in diameter and was preserved to a height of 1.55-1.6 meters.
		Tumulus 18 Grave 3 is one of the latest assemblages recovered from Tumulus 18, and one of several that seem to link the mound stylistically to the Black Forest region to the northwest.
		Tumulus 17 has produced evidence for the curation of central funeral pyre remnants, including cremated bone as well as burned and broken pottery, suggesting that depositing material from the founding burial on the mound to mark construction episodes was an important part of the mortuary history of late Hallstatt mounds in this area.
	www.uwm.edu /~barnold/arch/report02.html (8248 words)

	Assemblages of plants and invertebrate animals of tumulus (organic mound) springs of the Swan Coastal Plain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the case of the tumulus springs, there is continuous growth and breakdown of vegetation that causes the formation of peat around the permanent water supply.
		In particular, the tumulus springs on heavy soils were often perceived as a nuisance to farming practices as they were excessively wet and boggy.
		The tumulus springs of one occurrence have been subject to intermittent grazing, but this has ceased and grazing is unlikely to be a significant continuing threat to the three known occurrences.
	www.deh.gov.au /biodiversity/threatened/communities/tumulus-mounds.html (1585 words)

	The Great Tumulus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The placement and orientation of the dead body was determined on the basis of several bones from the skeleton, twenty-two fibulae and some bronze pieces, presumably from a belt, all of which were discovered in front of the east wall.
		The numerous square pieces of wood, which were discovered stuck to the floor towards the centre of the room close to the south wall, should have belonged to a piece of furniture with mosaic-like treatment.
		The tumulus has been dated to the end of 8th century BC on the basis of findings inside the burial chamber and especially of the typology of the fibulae.
	www.metu.edu.tr /home/wwwmuze/phrygian1.html (795 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The heartland of the Tumulus culture was Bavaria, Württemberg, and the area previously occupied by the Unetice culture, but distribution extended into north Germany and west as far as Alsace.
		With the introduction of urnfield burial, the tumulus culture and the Middle Bronze Age came to an end.
		It is defined mainly by the dominant burial rite of inhumation beneath a burial mound, as well as a number of characteristic bronze types, found both in the burials and in hoards.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=tumulus (710 words)

	Research and Excavations At The Phrygian Necropolis in Ankara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As is commonly acknowledged, tumulus type burials, with a timber burial chamber into which the body of socially significant individuals were neatly placed with valuable burial gifts and later covered first with stone rubble and then with soil to form a small hill, are typical of the Phrygian culture.
		Excavations in a third tumulus, which was the largest of the group, were however abandoned due to the collapse of a tunnel trenched to find the burial chamber.
		This tumulus was not indicated in the sketch map by Thompson.
	www.metu.edu.tr /home/wwwmuze/phrygian.html (976 words)

	Blue Plaque 4 - The Moats and Tumulus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This plaque on Main Street commemorates the existence of nearby moats and a tumulus, which are shown on ordnance survey maps of the area.
		It was thought by many people that they were in fact fish ponds, and this is quite possible as many religious establishments and manors kept fish in such ponds, being a ready and convenient source of food.
		In the same field nearby stands a tumulus some seven feet high, and twenty five feet in diameter and it is recorded in 'The Story of Stoke Golding'' by Mrs J. Webster, that in 1931 Mr A.
	www.stokegolding.co.uk /blue_plaque/blue_plaque_4.htm (342 words)

	tumulus on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		TUMULUS [tumulus], plural tumuli, in archaeology, a heap of earth or stones placed over a grave.
		Tumulus 7 31 0197 Undisturbed treasures found in tumulus in Hyogo Pref.
		Vue de dessus du tumulus néolithique de Prissé-la-Charrière Ce tumulus, monument construit en pierre sèche ou en terre, "e.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/t1/tumulus.asp (330 words)

	Tumulus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The appearance of burial mounds, or tumulus, in the Yayoi Period occurred because these ancient peoples believed that the spirit of a village head kept the village safe.
		Placing clay images around or on a tumulus was also practiced in ancient times in China, lending additional confirmation to the increased contact between these two cultures.
		The image to the left is a model of the "Daisenryou tumulus" which is the largest burial mound in Japan.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/japan/kohun/tumulus.html (310 words)

	Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Culture - Aksaray Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The tumulus is located in Kızılkaya village 25 km south - east of Aksaray and one side of the tumulus overlooks the Melendiz River, and the other side looks upon the arable fields.
		The data obtained from the archaeological diggings shows that the tumulus was erected in BC 3000 and the most successful period of the tumulus was seen in the Assyrian Trade Colonies Period, that is in BC 1800.
		The tumulus was completely deserted at the beginning of the 3rd century A.D. 3 nomad families, who came from Hoy City of Azerbaijan / Iran in 1517, settled at the foot of the tumulus and founded today's Yeşilova.
	www.kultur.gov.tr /portal/arkeoloji_en.asp?belgeno=2941 (1044 words)

	Karakus Royal Tumulus, Kahta, Adiyaman, Turkey-Adiyamanliorg
		Century B.C. Around the Tumulus there are four pillars, each of which 9 m high and relies on top of them.
		The tumulus is surrounded by four 9-10 meter high columns that are surmounted by large animal figures.
		Each column encircling the Karakul Tumulus, with the exception of pedestals, capitals and statues, consists of six marble drums.
	www.adiyamanli.org /karakus_hill.htm (213 words)

	16-29 August 2003 summary of the eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i
		Tumulus is actively forming and feeding lava onto surface from cracks in crust.
		Tumulus is both growing higher and disgorging excess lava onto surface.
		Breakout from tumulus above, showing flakes of crust on underlying surface (along edge of lower toe) in process of being stuck to lava and uplifted as toe inflates.
	hvo.wr.usgs.gov /kilauea/update/archive/2003/Aug/16-29.html (1392 words)

	Bettina Arnold - Heuneburg Archaeological Project: 1999 Report
		Tumulus 17, which is over 20m in diameter and stands approximately 200m southwest of the Hohmichele, was chosen as the focus of investigations for a variety of reasons.
		Prior to excavation, Tumulus 17 was largely intact, preserved to a height of nearly 2m, but it showed the scars of various recent disturbances.
		The truncation of Tumulus 17 may be the result of Witscher's probing, which produced the remains of a decorated ceramic vessel that is no longer in existence (Kurz and Schiek n.d.).
	www.uwm.edu /~barnold/arch/report99.html (3694 words)

	Assemblages of Organic Mound (Tumulus) Springs of the Swan Coastal Plain Interim Recovery Plan 2000-2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the case of the tumulus springs, there is continuous growth of vegetation that causes the formation of peat around the permanent water supply.
		The tumulus springs on Occurrence 3 may have historically been subject to grazing, but no stock are currently kept in the fenced area adjacent to the springs.
		The tumulus springs of Occurrence 3 are relatively weed free, but weeds are encroaching from the perimeter of the area, perhaps from where fire and other disturbances have historically been more frequent.
	www.deh.gov.au /biodiversity/threatened/publications/recovery/organic-mound-springs (8793 words)

	Mt.Nemrut National Park, Mt. Nemrud, Mount Nemrut, Adiyaman, Turkey-Adiyamanli.org
		The tumulus on the summit of Mt Nemrud measures 50 meters high and covers an area 150 meters in diameter.
		It is formed from stones the size of a fist and is bounded on the east, west, and north by terraced courts carved out of the native rock.
		The sides of the pedestals overlooking the court and the tumulus are inscribed with the country's laws and commandments as
	www.adiyamanli.org /mt_nemrut.htm (1258 words)

	Ataman Hotel - The Tumulus of Çeç
		In addition to these places, "Tumulus of Çeç" which is in the west of Avanos is very famous in these areas.
		A tumulus which is excavated by Mehmet Eskioğlu and the tumulus of Beştepe, by Hamdi Kodan is dated to the Hellenistic period in Kayseri.
		When you look at this tumulus of Çeç, it is understood that it was built for an important man or thing and also that the death anniversary was very important in those times.
	www.atamanhotel.com /cec.html (478 words)

	Center for Hellenic Studies - Homerizon Abstract: Burgess
		But the tumulus of Achilles is not just a mythological motif; it has also been regarded as a real piece of topography in the landscape of the Troad.
		An excavation of the presumed tumulus of Achilles was undertaken at the end of the eighteenth century, and nothing was found that argued for a prehistoric date.
		There were multiple localizations of tumulus of Achilles in antiquity and post-antiquity, with various mytho-poetic, cultic, political, and archaeological motivations for identification of a mound in the Troad as the burial spot of Achilles.
	www.chs.harvard.edu /activities_events.sec/conferences.ssp/homerizon_abstract_burgess.pg (1297 words)

	The tumulus of Mikri Doxipara-Zoni Åvrou (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It was built in stages at the beginning of the 2nd century AD to cover the cremation burials of four members of a family who died in succession.
		Beside the pits, which contained the remains of the cremation and the grave goods, were buried the five wagons which had brought them to this location along with their draft teams and a further five horses.
		In various parts of the tumulus, broken vessels, ashes and animal bones were found, the remains of rituals which took place in honour of the dead during the course of construction of the tumulus.
	www.culture.gr /2/21/211/21119n/e211sn06.html (669 words)

	WELCOME TO Progressive Rock & Progressive Metal - E-ZINE
		The difference between Tumulus and the most so-called "Pagan Metal" bands, that use in their lyrics before all themes about the pagan gods, heroic battles and fight against Christianity is big.
		Tumulus sings about the Slavonic pagan magic: rites, ritual chants, bewitchment, the perception of the woods, rivers and soil as living creatures, also of the so-called "vertical" world (the one inhabited with ghosts) and the inner life of a man, having the pagan within himself.
		Tumulus is the real idea concerning a qualitative Progressive Melodic Metal that comes from Russia, they blend a considered variety of musical elements, drawing influences from many musical sources, including Folk and Symphonic Metal, creating an astonishing, enjoyable and moving progressive music.
	www.progressiverockbr.com /previews2005.htm (12225 words)

	METU Industrial Engineering Department
		Phrygians built the largest mound (tumulus) in Gordion known as the Tumulus of Midas; it is 53 meters high and 300 meters wide.
		Apart from their capital Gordion were you can visit the Tumulus of King Midas and nearby small museum, Pessinus was also a major Phrygian settlement.
		The Arslantas rock monument near Afyon and the ruins of Midas near Eskisehir are among the most important Phrygian monuments in Anatolia, and are where the Phrygians worshipped their major deity Cybele and her lover Attis.
	www.geocities.com /anadolu_muzesi/urartu/phrigya.html (1177 words)

	Megalithism in Morbihan - Locmariaquer - Er-Grah tumulus
		Excavations revealed that Er-Grah tumulus was the final achievement of a complex architectural process.
		A series of pits and fireplaces, more recent than the two oldest structures in the fossil soil, seem to be related to a number of Middle Neolithic items ("footed cups", local "de Castellic" style ribbed pots, variscite beads).
		On the contrary, Er-Grah is strictly symmetrical around an axis leading from the basis of the menhir to the burial chamber, which shows that the giant monolith was still highly significant and probably still standing when the tumulus was built (during the last two centuries of the 5th millennium BC).
	www.culture.gouv.fr /culture/arcnat/megalithes/en/mega/megalocgra_en.htm (462 words)

	Tumulus : Winter Wood - Review at Harvest Moon Music
		Tumulus, like many of the bands reviewed here at Harvest Moon Music, is a band that you've most likely never heard of.
		And just like most of the bands reviewed here, Tumulus is a band worthy of your attention.
		Opting for a change in musical direction, the founders of Tumulus turned to the Slavic musical and pagan traditions of their homeland to create a sound they call "art progressive folk metal".
	www.harvestmoonmusic.com /reviews/tumulus_03.html (466 words)

	Gordion Ecopark
		The Midas Tumulus and the recently expanded museum across the street are in the village of Yassıhöyük.
		The surface of the erosion channels and the steepest of the upper slopes is unstable.
		One of the most exciting aspects of the preservation work on the outside of the Midas Tumulus is that it has significance even beyond the successful stabilization of one of the major archaeological monuments of Turkey.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~nmiller0/ecopark.html (1570 words)

	Breakaway Games Presents Emperor: Rise of the Middle Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The wooden molding is removed and the Tumulus is complete - forever marking the burial of the prominent noble.
		Nu Wa is the lone hero associated with the Tumulus.
		This is a larger (12x12) and taller version of the standard Tumulus, and as such requires even more burial provisions (e.g., 1000 silk, as compared to 400 silk required by its "little brother"), as well as a healthy quantity of weapons and carved jade.
	emperor.breakawaygames.com /design_monuments.html (1697 words)

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