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Topic: Tundra

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Alpine tundra

Antarctica ecozone

Nearctic

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Indomalaya

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	Alpine Biome
		Of the North American, Scandinavian and Russian tundras, the Scandinavian tundra is the warmest, with winter temperatures averaging 18°F (-8°C) The tundra is basically like a desert when it comes to precipitation.
		As the tundra melts, the plant mass decomposes and returns carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
		It is a very fragile environment and the plants and animals that have made their home on the tundra biome have made some incredible adaptations to the long, cold winters and the short but abundant summers.
	www.blueplanetbiomes.org /tundra.htm (1148 words)

	Tundra - MSN Encarta
		Tundra, arctic plains encompassing most of the earth's terrain north of the coniferous forest belt, dominated by cotton grass, heath, lichen, moss, sedge, and willow.
		The arctic tundra, in particular, is influenced by permafrost, a layer of permanently frozen subsoil in the ground.
		The tundra wildlife is vulnerable to habitat destruction, to overhunting, and to extinction through loss of any of the animal or plant species that make up the fragile, highly interdependent tundra community of life.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761557297 (643 words)

	Tundra Biome
		Tundra biome is located in the artic circle, which is a circle that surrounds the north pole, but this is not the only place we can find freezing cold temperatures and a few animals.
		WEATHER: The tundra is the coldest and the driest of all the biomes on Earth.
		Tundra plants get their energy from the sun through photosynthesis like all other plants, but have adapted to low temperatures and at low light intensities.
	www.nceas.ucsb.edu /nceas-web/kids/biomes/tundra.htm (987 words)

	Tundra
		The alpine tundra is located at the top of mountains across the world.
		Some geological events that have made the formation of this biome are the movment of glaciers from the north.
		In the alpine tundra there are deer, elk, mountain goats and various species of sheep.
	lsb.syr.edu /projects/cyberzoo/tundra.html (203 words)

	Tundra (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Geography: Tundras are arctic plains that are dominated by sedge, heath, willow, and lichen.
		Tundra has a distribution throughout the northern hemisphere, but in the southern hemisphere it is only found on the Antarctic Peninsula and surrounding islands.
		The arctic tundra, which we will be focusing on, is so intensely cold that a layer of permanently frozen subsoils in the ground.
	nhs.needham.k12.ma.us /cur/Bio96_97/P5/tundra/final.html (470 words)

	Tundra Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the timberline or treeline.
		Arctic tundra occurs in the far Northern hemisphere, north of the taiga belt.
		Due to the harsh climate of the arctic tundra, regions of this kind has seen little exploitation even though they are rich in natural resources such as oil and uranium.
	www.wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/t/tu/tundra.html (261 words)

	EO Experiments: Tundra Biome (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The tundra is the coldest of the biomes.
		Tundra is also found at the tops of very high mountains elsewhere in the world.
		This permafrost is a defining characteristic of the tundra biome.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Laboratory/Biome/biotundra.html (336 words)

	Tundra Habitat
		Tundra is the coldest of the world’s biomes.
		Tundra is a cold, treeless, plain-like area with a frozen subsurface.
		Arctic tundra is located in the northern hemisphere, in the area encircling the North Pole and extending slightly south.
	web.bryant.edu /~langlois/ecology/Habitat.htm (355 words)

	Tundra marine refrigerators FAQ page (Site not responding. Last check: )
		TUNDRA units are built for the marine, truck and RV industries, that demand durability.
		Structural integrity of TUNDRA units, lightweight rigid housing made of galvanized metal welded for durability, units prime coated and painted with oxidizer to prevent all corrosion, stainless steel hinge assemblies and hardware.
		TUNDRA models come standard with a finished fl door panel that is easily interchangeable for different interior applications.
	www.coolmyboat.com /tundra/faq.html (464 words)

	Tundra 5
		The most distinctive characteristic of the tundra soil is its permafrost, a permanently frozen layer of ground often 2000 feet thick.
		The tundra wildlife is vulnerable to habitat destruction, to overhunting, and to extinction through loss of any of the animal or plant species that make up the fragile, highly individual tundra community of life.
		Cushion plants are more common in the tundra where their growth habit helps protect them from the cold.
	ths.sps.lane.edu /biomes/tundra5/tundra5.html (968 words)

	Tundra: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sami is a general name for a group of finno-ugric languages spoken in parts of norway, sweden, finland and russia, in northern europe....
		A fellfield or fell field comprises the environment of a slope, usually alpine or tundra, where the dynamics of frost (freeze and thaw cycles) and of...
		The antipodes subantarctic islands tundra is a tundra ecoregion that includes five islands or island groups in the southern ocean: the bounty islands,...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/tu/tundra.htm (2948 words)

	World Biomes - Tundra
		Tundra, the "ice desert", "frozen prairie", the cold plains of the Far North get their name from the Finnish word "tunturia", which means treeless land.
		Still, the tundra is host to a surprising number of plants and animals, and represents a fascinating testament to nature's adaptability, and cruel beauty.
		The alpine tundra biome exists on rocky mountaintops and is very similar to the arctic tundra except for a conspicuous lack of trees.
	www.worldbiomes.com /biomes_tundra.htm (425 words)

	The tundra biome
		Tundra is the coldest of all the biomes.
		Arctic tundra is located in the northern hemisphere, encircling the north pole and extending south to the coniferous forests of the taiga.
		There are no deep root systems in the vegetation of the arctic tundra, however, there are still a wide variety of plants that are able to resist the cold climate.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /exhibits/biomes/tundra.php (593 words)

	Nature Works - Tundra (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The tundra is one of the harshest biomes and it is definitely the coldest!
		Animals found in the tundra include the musk ox, the Arctic hare, the polar bear, the Arctic fox, the caribou and the snowy owl.
		Many animals that live in the tundra, like the caribou and the semipalmated plover, migrate to warmer climates during the winter.
	www.nhptv.org /natureworks/nwep8a.htm (389 words)

	Tundra Biome
		Animals in the tundra have adapted to survive the long cold winters.
		This means that animal populations in the tundra fluctuate with the seasons.
		The plants are similar to those in the arctic tundra and include tussock grasses, dwarf trees and small-leafed shrubs.
	www.kidcyber.com.au /topics/biometundra.htm (416 words)

	The Environmental Literacy Council - Tundra
		Tundra is a harsh treeless plain characterized by cold temperatures, high winds, and low precipitation.
		Tundra does not exist in the southern hemisphere because no land masses are located in the corresponding southern latitudes.
		The land area for alpine tundra is typically small and provides habitat for a few small animals such as rodents and insects.
	www.enviroliteracy.org /article.php/177.html (745 words)

	Tundra
		Designed to be towed by most half-ton trucks, Tundra is the new standard in “Super-Lite” recreational vehicle technology.
		Tundra’s interiors are as impressive as its revolutionary design.
		Tundra features unique floorplans with large living areas, kitchens, baths and bedrooms.
	www.tundra-rv.com /Tundra.htm (228 words)

	Tundra
		The tundra is the largest continuous tract of wilderness and wildlife habitat remaining in the northern hemisphere.
		This is because as the earth rotates, the sun's rays never shine strongly on either of the pole regions.
		Tundra Land of Lemmings is a slideshow and project created by 8th/9th grade students.
	www.uen.org /utahlink/activities/view_activity.cgi?activity_id=3049 (728 words)

	Tundra
		Aperiodic emigration from the tundra is exhibited by the snowy owl during those years that the lemming populations have crashed.
		Distribution: The tundra biome is restricted to the high latitudes of the northern hemisphere in a belt around the Arctic Ocean.
		High Arctic Tundra: essentially confined to the islands of the Arctic Ocean and characterized by scattered lichens and mosses on care rock surfaces and perennial forbs growing in protected crannies among sharp, ice-fractured rock debris.
	www.runet.edu /~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/biomes/tundra/tundra.html (829 words)

	Earth Floor: Biomes
		One unique characteristic of the Arctic tundra is permafrost--ground that is permanently frozen.
		Curiously, during the summer Arctic tundra is characterized by lots of surface water.
		Another characteristic of the Arctic tundra is the limited amount of sunlight it receives due to the position of the Sun in the sky.
	www.cotf.edu /ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/tundra.html (263 words)

	Tundra Animal Printouts - EnchantedLearning.com
		The tundra is a cold, treeless area; it is the coldest biome.
		The tundra is characterized by very low temperatures, very little precipitation (rain or snow), a short growing season, few nutrients, and low biological diversity.
		Arctic tundras are frozen, windy, desert-like plains in the Arctic that are dotted with bogs and ponds.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /biomes/tundra/tundra.shtml (582 words)

	Arctic Change - Land: Tundra
		Tundra is a region that is covered with low shrubs and vines because the summer temperatures are not warm enough to support forests.
		Over the last 25 years, the tundra has changed, with some regions having an increase in the amount and type of shrubs, and other regions being converted to wetland.
		Tundra area can also be roughly estimated as the region with monthly summer temperatures less than 10 degrees Centigrade.Changes in tundra area derived from two different temperature data sets (CRU and NCEP) are also shown below.
	www.arctic.noaa.gov /detect/land-tundra.shtml (254 words)

	Tundra 3
		The growing season in the tundra is very short due to the frozen permafrost that only begins to thaw in mid-summer.
		Plants in the tundra biome have many adaptations such as being small and able to grow close to the ground to protect from the cold and harsh temperatures.
		Since the weather in the tundras is cold and dry, the animals of the biome have special adaptations so that they can live in their areas and provide for their needs.
	ths.sps.lane.edu /biomes/tundra3/tundra3.html (991 words)

	Tundra Division (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Vegetation on the tundra consists of grasses, sedges, lichens, and willow shrubs.
		Soil particles in the tundra derive almost entirely from mechanical breakup of rock, with little or no chemical alteration.
		Geomorphic processes are distinctive in the tundra, resulting in a variety of curious landforms.
	www.fs.fed.us /colorimagemap/images/m120.html (341 words)

	Toyota Tundra Forum
		The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) released its 2008 Top Safety Pick Award winners, and the number of vehicles listed at the top of the heap has grown from 13 models in 2006 to 34 models this year — a sign that automakers are stepping up their game.
		Among the winners this year were the Audi A3, Honda Accord, Subaru Impreza, Honda Odyssey, BMW X3 and X5, Hyundai Veracruz, Saturn Vue, Toyota Highlander and, with the inclusion of pickup trucks for the first time, the Toyota Tundra.
		At its core, the Tundra light duty pickup's stock engine was replaced with a medium duty diesel powerplant plucked from a 35,000-pound...
	www.tundratalk.net (463 words)

	GeoTopics @ GeoNet
		Tundra is found in the extreme North of Canada and Asia.
		The tundra covers about one fifth of the land surface found on Earth.
		Tundra is the coldest and driest of all the biomes.
	www.bennett.karoo.net /topics/tundra.html (362 words)

	K4 Modules: Biomes
		The tundra is the coldest biome on Earth.
		They are the arctic tundra and the alpine tundra.
		In the arctic tundra, there is not much loose soil or water in the ground.
	www.cotf.edu /ete/modules/k4/teacher/biomes/Boverview6.html (335 words)

	Tundra (Site not responding. Last check: )
		"One of the two biomes that circle the pole is the tundra community." (Biology: The Dynamics of Life) The treeless tundra community has long summer days and short sessions of winter sunlight.
		The summer days on the tundra may last long, but the summer it self is short.
		During the short summer, the tundra is home to the many biting insects aswell as a wide range of mosquitos.
	www.chenowith.k12.or.us /whs/mwc/tundra.html (280 words)

	The Tundra Biome (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Short grasses, flowers, and grass-like sedges, along with covers of mosses and lichens are the dominate forms of vegetation in the tundra.
		Stone polygons, soil circles, stone or soil stripes and terraces are common to both arctic and alpine tundra.
		The Musk Oxen is a well-known inhabitant of the arctic tundra.
	www.uwsp.edu /geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/biogeography/biomes_tundra.html (439 words)

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