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Topic: Tundra Swan

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	VDGIF > Wildlife > Tundra Swan Trax
		Tundra swans (previously called whistling swan) are native to North America and are the most common swan in Virginia during the winter.
		Tundra swans are the smallest of the three swan species weighing between 10-18 pounds, although large males can weigh over 20 pounds.
		Tundra swans undertake a long-distance migration from breeding grounds in the arctic to wintering areas along the Atlantic Coast.
	www.dgif.state.va.us /wildlife/swan/descriptions.html (642 words)

	MSN Encarta - Swan (bird)
		Swans are larger than geese and are recognizable by their long, arched necks.
		The fl swan, a red-billed bird that resembles the mute swan in shape, inhabits Australia, and the fl-necked swan is confined to southern South America.
		The mute swan is classified as Cygnus olor, the trumpeter swan as Cygnus buccinator, the whooper swan as Cygnus cygnus, the tundra swan as Cygnus columbianus, the fl swan as Cygnus atratus, the fl-necked swan as Cygnus melanocorypha, and the coscoroba swan as Coscoroba coscoroba.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761574136/Swan_(bird).html (435 words)

	All About Birds
		The whistling swan, the American race of the Tundra Swan, currently is considered the same species as the Eurasian race, the Bewick's swan.
		Swan nests on the tundra are vulnerable to a host of predators, such as foxes, weasels, jaegers, and gulls.
		These swans are not breeding, and may be young birds that have not yet bred, adult pairs whose breeding attempts failed, or adults that bred in the past but for some reason do not in that year.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Tundra_Swan.html (308 words)

	Hinterland Who's Who - Tundra Swan
		The Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus, formerly known as the Whistling Swan, is a large bird with white plumage and fl legs, feet, and beak.
		Tundra Swans feed mainly on the tubers and roots of aquatic plants that grow at shallow depths in fresh, brackish, or salt water.
		The principal factor limiting Tundra Swan populations is the adverse weather the swans often face on all parts of their range, but particularly on the breeding grounds.
	www.hww.ca /hww2.asp?id=78 (1761 words)

	VDGIF > Wildlife > Tundra Swan Trax
		Tundra swans, like most waterfowl, are managed cooperatively by federal and state agencies.
		To provide for the effective conservation of tundra swans a specific plan, the "Management Plan for Tundra Swans" (Ad Hoc Tundra Swan Committee 1998) was developed with the cooperation of federal, state and international partners.
		Subsistence hunting for tundra swans occurs in Canada and Alaska, and limited hunting in the U.S. is permitted when populations are within established population goals.
	www.dgif.state.va.us /wildlife/swan/management.html (138 words)

	Roosevelt Park Zoo \| Tundra Swan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Tundra swans nest on the arctic tundra or marshes.
		Tundra swans have a length of approximately 52 inches (132 centimeters).
		• The tundra swan's Eurasian relative is the Bewick's Swan.
	www.rpzoo.com /animals/tundraswan.html (119 words)

	Tundra Swans
		Tundra swans have been called "whistling swans" because of their high-pitched, often quavering, voice that can be heard up from over 5 miles away.
		Tundra swans are extremely territorial and go back each year to the same place where they first mated.
		A tundra swan nest is six to twelve feet in diameter and one to two feet in depth.
	www.alaskazoo.org /willowcrest/tundra_swans.htm (523 words)

	Tundra Swan
		The adult Trumpeter Swan is very similar to the adult Tundra Swan but it is slightly larger, has a straight culmen, the bill has no yellow spot, the eye is enclosed by fl, and the white feathering on the head extends in a v shape into the dark bill.
		The Trumpeter Swan is a native of the interior portions of North America, historically nesting and wintering from the upper Mississippi Valley west and north to central Alaska.
		The swans on the Arctic coastal plain of Alaska are part of the Eastern Wintering Population of the Tundra Swan, which winters around the Chesapeake Bay south to the Carolinas.
	www.kwic.com /~pagodavista/schoolhouse/species/birds/tundswan.htm (1064 words)

	Swan identification
		All the Tundra Swan photos were taken at the Savannah Mucklands along state route 31 in February 1999 (some of the very first photos we took with the digital camera through the spotting scope!).
		This Tundra Swan has a rather flat profile and bill, as well as a barely discernable yellow spot, but the eye is clearly distinct.
		Tundra Swans are migratory and most pass through the state, with a small number wintering here.
	birds.cornell.edu /crows/SwanID.htm (984 words)

	Tundra Swan
		Tundra Swans vary geographically, including the Eurasian race known as Bewick's Swan and the North American population formerly considered a separate species and known as Whistling Swan.
		The feathering on the face of the Trumpeter Swan extends into the bare skin at the base of the bill in a point, while on the Tundra Swan this border is a smoother curve.
		The Tundra Swan's eye is almost isolated from the bare facial skin above the bill by white feathers, while in Trumpeter Swans a broader band of bare skin connects the eye to the bill.
	www.shawcreekbirdsupply.com /tundra_swan_info.htm (579 words)

	Swans: Wildlife Notebook Series - Alaska Department of Fish and Game
		Feathers of immature swans are an ash gray color, and some gray feathers remain evident on the heads and necks of swans that are 1 and 2 years old.
		Tundra swans require about three weeks less time than trumpeters for the cygnets to achieve flight, allowing them to nest in tundra areas having shorter summers than the more temperate regions used by trumpeters.
		Swans are very sensitive to disturbance and may have an unsuccessful breeding season if high levels of human activity occur near their chosen nesting site.
	www.adfg.state.ak.us /pubs/notebook/bird/swans.php (1406 words)

	Birds of Nova Scotia - Tundra Swan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Remarks The Tundra Swan, formerly known as the "Whistling Swan" in North America, nests in arctic and subarctic regions of the Old and New Worlds.
		Like some of our other large wild birds, swans pair for life, and it is customary for the young to remain with their parents during the first year.
		Tundra Swans migrating to and from the east coast do not normally appear north of Massachusetts.
	museum.gov.ns.ca /mnh/nature/nsbirds/bns0046.htm (367 words)

	VDGIF > Wildlife > Tundra Swan Trax
		Specifically, scientists are trying to determine where tundra swans breed and what routes they fly to get there; where these swans go in the winter; what kinds of habitats tundra swans use in Virginia; and what their survival rates are in Virginia and the Atlantic Flyway.
		In addition, states in tundra swan migration and breeding areas, such as the Great Lakes Region and Alaska, are assisting in the project by looking and listening for marked swans.
		Several swans that we marked in Virginia this winter were located by cooperators from the Canadian Wildlife Service on the north side of Lake Erie during March and April.
	www.dgif.state.va.us /wildlife/swan (320 words)

	IBRRC: Amazing journey of the Tundra Swan
		To document the survival of an oiled bird and determine the migratory movements of a hatching-year swan that didn't travel with its family, a satellite transmitter is attached to TR.
		Tundra swans leave the wintering grounds at their lowest body weights, so acquiring fat reserves at spring staging areas such as the Red River valley is crucial to their survival not only during the weeks of migration and also during the first few weeks after their arrival at the Arctic tundra.
		Sexually immature swans may be a little slower." Mature swans try to reach the tundra as early as weather permits, to ensure a successful breeding season during its short summer; this cygnet won't mate for several years yet.
	www.ibrrc.org /tundra_swan.html (1971 words)

	Tundra Swan
		Taking of tundra swan eggs and the hunting of flightless molting birds by Native Americans are significant mortality factors in some areas.
		Winter surveys of tundra swans during the 1950's in the United States revealed an average population of 78,000.
		Although the number of tundra swans found on the winter surveys has varied considerably from year to year, there has been a slow increase in the continental population over the last 25 years.
	www.kwic.com /~pagodavista/schoolhouse/species/birds/hunt.htm (1241 words)

	Trumpeter Swan
		the Trumpeter Swan, the Mute Swan and the Tundra Swan.
		Tundra Swans are hunted in North Carolina, Virginia, North Dakota, Montana, Nevada, and Utah.
		Swan skins were sold in the fur trade to Europe where they were used to make ladies' powder puffs and feathers were used to adorn fashionable hats.
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /org/land/er/factsheets/birds/swan.htm (4665 words)

	tundra swan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Size of Tundra Swan Bewick's swan and the whistling swan are sometimes treated as 2 separate species, but are so alike that they are now generally regarded...
		The Tundra Swan breeds in the Canadian North in the tundra areas of...
		The Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus, formerly known as the Whistling Swan,...
	www.gettoyotaturcksinfo.com /1/tundra-swan.html (328 words)

	Tundra Swan Permits Available - News - FWP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The application deadline for tundra swan hunting permits for the 2004 season is Sept 3.
		Tentative tundra swan season dates in the Pacific Flyway are Oct. 16-Dec. 1, and in the Central Flyway are Oct. 2-Jan. 6, 2005.
		All hunters are required to have a Montana migratory bird license -- $5 for residents and $50 for nonresidents—and a conservation license for $6.25 for residents and $9.25 for nonresidents.
	www.fwp.state.mt.us /news/article_3054.aspx (275 words)

	Nearctica - Natural History - Birds of Eastern North America - Anatidae - Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus)
		In contrast the base of the bill of the immature Mute Swan is fl, contrasting with the orange remainder of the bill.
		Behavior: The long necks of the Tundra swan are used to feed on relative deep aquatic vegetation.
		The eggs are laid in a large mound of grass and moss placed on an island in a marsh or lake, or alongside of the side of a lake.
	www.nearctica.com /birds/ducks/Ccolumb.htm (350 words)

	North Carolina Atlantic Flyway Tundra Swan Research
		Tundra swans should not be confused with the larger trumpeter and mute swans.
		Trumpeter swans are found almost exclusively in the mid-west and western states.
		Although all of our current data suggests that the tundra swan population in recent years is stable, it is incumbent upon North Carolina to take the lead in the proper management of this resource.
	www.ncwildlife.org /pg07_WildlifeSpeciesCon/pg7b6.htm (629 words)

	Tundra Swan Habitat Preference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Abstract: I studied tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) habitat preference in North Dakota during autumn migration, 1968-89.
		Figure 1 -- Foraging and nonforaging tundra swans per wetland in habitats characterized by an index of sago pondweed presence, extent of open water, and size of wetland, in North Dakota, 1988-89.
		Figure 2 -- Proportion of young tundra swans in 5 flock-size categories on a migratory stopover in North Dakota, 1988-89.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/birds/tswan/tswan.htm (363 words)

	Tundra swans 12/29/04
		Wykes said a large group of swans migrate to this area to enjoy a winter that is milder than that of their nesting grounds.
		Furthermore, the tundra swans' backs are more rounded, and they have solid fl bills with a solitary yellow spot at the base.
		Finally, there is the fact that tundra swans spend all day honking at each other, while a mute swan lives up to its name by remaining silent.
	www.thenewsherald.com /stories/122904/loc_20041229005.shtml (635 words)

	North Carolina Atlantic Flyway Tundra Swan Research
		Tundra swans are a favorite among many birders as the large white birds can be easily spotted in large flocks and can be approached relatively closely.
		While large numbers of swans may be observed at numerous locations within the primary wintering range in North Carolina, there a several areas which provide optimal viewing opportunities.
		A special permit/tag is required to hunt tundra swans, and currently a random draw of 5,000 permits is conducted each year in early October.
	216.27.49.98 /pg07_WildlifeSpeciesCon/pg7b6_4.htm (359 words)

	The Trumpeter Swan Society
		Positive identification is essential, as Trumpeters often mix with flocks of the relatively common Tundra Swan throughout their migration and winter range.
		Mute Swans are generally silent but not "mute." However, their grunts, snorts, and quiet whistles cannot be confused with the distinctive calls of Trumpeter and Tundra Swans.
		Tundra Swans hold their necks straight the entire time of the takeoff run and initial flight.
	www.trumpeterswansociety.org /id.htm (816 words)

	Satellite Tracking of Tundra Swans
		Further, despite the perceived importance of migratory stopover areas to Tundra Swans, little is known about the population status or habitat use of this species at key staging areas, or how Tundra Swans allocate their time between terrestrial and aquatic habitats during spring and fall.
		Twelve adult Tundra Swans were captured and equipped with satellite transmitters and 62 birds (42 adults, 20 juveniles) were captured and equipped with fl and white neck collars with alpha-alpha-numeric codes.
		Tundra Swans spent 51% of the annual cycle on staging areas (spring staging 29%, fall staging 23%, wintering areas 20%, breeding areas 28%), and tracked birds used 4 distinct staging regions during migration; Atlantic coast, Great Lakes, northern prairies, and boreal forest.
	www.bsc-eoc.org /lpbo/swans/swans.html (2417 words)

	MeR: Swansinging (Martin Baker)
		Swans are probably not the first birds you think of in relationship to Tolkien.
		The Mute Swan is social, preferring inland lakes, rivers and pools with areas of open water and shallow margins.
		The Whistling or Tundra Swan is the North American variant of the European Bewick's Swan.
	alt-tolkien.com /r13swans.html (5851 words)

	Mute Swans
		Mute swans reside primarily in estuarine river habitats with smaller numbers on inland lakes and ponds.
		A major concern is the effect of interspecific competition between mute and tundra swans.
		Mute swans have been observed exhibiting aggression toward tundra swans, driving them from protected coves and feeding areas, important habitats for native tundra swans.
	www.dnr.state.md.us /wildlife/muteswans.html (660 words)

	Trumpeter Swan Identification Checklist
		This is useful for swans in flight and when the swan is standing on one foot with the up foot extended to the rear.
		Nevertheless, juvenile swans in early fall may be separated on the basis of this character with some confidence because most immature [W] have pink meeting the face.
		Martha Jordan indicates that there is a qualitative difference in the distribution of fl on the bill, with [T] appearing to have a bill that is "fl with a pink area in the middle'" whereas [W] has a "pink bill with fl at the ends".
	fog.ccsf.cc.ca.us /~jmorlan/trswid.htm (1620 words)

	Swan Flyway: The Tundra Swan
		Swan Flyway: The Tundra Swan, is from the Smithsonian Institution's Smithsonian Wild Heritage Collection of storybooks which are designed to teach children about the environment and our wildlife heritage.
		The Tundra Swan is also known as the Whistling Swan and is one of only two swan species native to North America.
		This story follows the swans through the four seasons and is beautifully illustrated.
	www.kidenergy.com /kidenergy/14-0111.html (113 words)

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