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	XI. Splanchnology. 3c. The Male Genital Organs. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The sac of the tunica vaginalis is represented in a distended condition.
		It is a pouch of serous membrane, derived from the saccus vaginalis of the peritoneum, which in the fetus preceded the descent of the testis from the abdomen into the scrotum.
		The Tunica Vasculosa is the vascular layer of the testis, consisting of a plexus of bloodvessels, held together by delicate areolar tissue.
	www.bartleby.com /107/258.html (3421 words)

	eMedicine - Hydrocele : Article Excerpt by: Scott E Rudkin, MD, MBA, RDMS
		Background: A hydrocele is a collection of serous fluid that results from a defect or irritation in the tunica vaginalis of the scrotum.
		In a hydrocele of the cord, the closure of the tunica vaginalis is defective.
		The incidence of hydrocele is rising with the increasing survival rate of premature infants and with increasing use of the peritoneal cavity for ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts, dialysis, and renal transplants.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/byname/hydrocele.htm (328 words)

	Malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis -- Mak et al. 77 (921): 780 -- The British Journal of Radiology
		As the tunica vaginalis is a layer of reflected peritoneum,
		thickening of the tunica vaginalis testis with presence of nodularity
		Ultrasound appearances of a malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis.
	bjr.birjournals.org /cgi/content/full/77/921/780 (1044 words)

	Tunica Vaginalis Testis - Mesothelioma Journal Articles
		Discussion: The first case of malignant mesothelioma involving the tunica vaginalis, a structure embryologically derived from a layer of reflected peritoneum known as the "processus vaginalis," was reported in 1957.
		Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma occurring in the tunica vaginalis of the testis with contralateral atypical mesothelial hyperplasia
		Nonpleural mesotheliomas: mesothelioma of the peritoneum, tunica vaginalis, and pericardium
	www.mesothelioma-line.com /articles/category/types/tunica-vaginalis-testis (1031 words)

	Chapter 34: Male genitalia
		A recess of the tunica vaginalis, termed the sinus of the epididymis, extends between the body of the epididymis and the lateral surface of the testis (fig.
		Although the commonest type of hydrocele is in the tunica around the testis, a remnant of the processus may form an encysted hydrocele of the spermatic cord.
		34-2 The tunica vaginalis testis is the inferior portion of the processus vaginalis of the peritoneum, which, in the fetus, precedes the descent of the testis from the abdomen into the scrotum.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_6/chapter_34.html (1911 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News
		It is a pouch of serous membrane, derived from the saccus vaginalis of the peritoneum, which in the fetus preceded the descent of the testis from the abdomen into the scrotum.
		The inner surface of the tunica vaginalis is smooth, and covered by a layer of simple cuboidal endothelial cells.
		The interval between the visceral and parietal laminÃ¦ constitutes the cavity of the tunica vaginalis.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=tunica_vaginalis (199 words)

	The Testes and their Coverings
		The sac of the tunica vaginalis is represented in a distended condition.
		The Tunica Vasculosa is the vascular layer of the testis, consisting of a plexus of bloodvessels, held together by delicate areolar tissue.
		It clothes the inner surface of the tunica albuginea and the different septa in the interior of the gland, and therefore forms an internal investment to all the spaces of which the gland is composed.
	www.tripdatabase.com /spider.html?itemid=159616 (3458 words)

	Tunica vaginalis autografting for Peyronie's disease: an experimental study.
		Tunica vaginalis autografting for Peyronie's disease: an experimental study.
		Das S; Maggio AJ Groups of dogs were studied at varied intervals after autografting of tunica vaginalis from the testes to cover excised patches of tunica albuginea of the penis.
		We propose that tunica vaginalis would be ideally suitable for autografting to the penis after excision of Peyronie's plaques.
	www.medscape.com /medline/abstract/500313 (143 words)

	Role of tunica vaginalis interposition layer in hypospadias surgery Handoo Yog Raj - Indian J Plast Surg
		Study of effectiveness of tunica vaginalis flap covering different hypospadias procedures in 126 cases over 6 years is presented with inference of significant decrease of urethra-cutaneous fistula rate.
		Tunica vaginalis flap as interposition cover of neo-urethral tube helps in reduction of fistulae rate in all hypospadias procedures with minimal complication rate.
		Tunica Vaginalis Blanket wrap, reconstructive and plastic surgery of the external genitalia adult and paediatric.
	www.ijps.org /article.asp?issn=0970-0358;year=2006;volume=39;issue=2;spage=152;epage=156;aulast=Handoo (1925 words)

	Benign Papillary Mesothelioma of the Tunica Vaginalis Testis
		Benign Papillary Mesothelioma of the Tunica Vaginalis Testis
		Loganathan, N.E. New, R.K. Calleja: Benign Papillary Mesothelioma of the Tunica Vaginalis Testis.
		We report on a case of benign papillary mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis in a 33-year-old man presenting with a left sided hydrocoele.
	www.ispub.com /ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/iju/vol2n1/papillary.xml (433 words)

	Hydrocele
		the processus vaginalis and tunica vaginalis are obliterated and contain no fluid.
		the processus vaginalis is obliterated so no fluid can move between the abdomen and the scrotum, but the tunica vaginalis contains fluid.
		the processus vaginalis is still open, allowing fluid to move between the abdomen and the tunica vaginalis in the scrotum.
	www.pedisurg.com /PtEduc/Hydrocele.htm (358 words)

	ALKA RADYOLOJİK TANI MERKEZİ (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Normally, the testis is surrounded by a fibrous capsule, the tunica albuginea, and by a closed invaginated sac, the tunica vaginalis.
		However, a lesion arising from the LPTV could be differentiated from the tunica albuginea and lamina visceralis of the tunica vagi nalis provided that there is sufficient fluid accu mulation separating the layers of the tunica vaginalis.
		thelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis with charac
	www.alka.com.tr /kolgesizbilimsel1.htm (1003 words)

	Testicular Trauma
		The tunica albuginea is the layer that is violated during a testicular rupture.
		The presence of a disrupted tunica albuginea is pathognomonic for testicular rupture.
		Sharply incise the tunica albuginea to assess the viability of the testis.
	online-ambulance.com /articles/doc/3/grp/Men/pg/1/art/TesticularTr.htm (2524 words)

	Dr. Koop - Hydrocele- Health Encyclopedia and Reference
		A hydrocele is an accumulation of fluid in any sac-like cavity or duct - specifically in the tunica vaginalis testis or along the spermatic cord.
		The condition is caused by inflammation of the epididymis or testis or by lymphatic or venous obstruction of the cord.
		A hydrocele is a collection of serous fluid between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis which normally surrounds the testis.
	www.drkoop.com /encyclopedia/93/406.html (709 words)

	Implantation Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The second testis is similarly removed from its tunica vaginalis through the same passageway and similar prosthetic device is placed in the cavity created.
		The tunica may be drawn outwardly, through the passageway, and removal of the testis by incising the tunica and severing the spermatic cord may be performed outside the animal.
		The prosthetic device (24) employed in accordance with the invention is generally kidney shaped, having a convex border (26), and a concave border (28), punctuated by a central cleft (30), between a pair of lobes (31).
	www.neuticles.com /webpages/op_t_int.html (174 words)

	Testicular Trauma
		The tunica albuginea is the layer that is violated during a testicular rupture.
		The presence of a disrupted tunica albuginea is pathognomonic for testicular rupture.
		Sharply incise the tunica albuginea to assess the viability of the testis.
	www.online-ambulance.com /articles/doc/3/grp/Men/art/TesticularTr.htm (2524 words)

	I
		It is a pouch of serous membrane, derived from the saccus vaginalis of the peritoneum, which in the fetus preceded the descent of the testis from the abdomen into the scrotum.
		The Tunica Vasculosa is the vascular layer of the testis, consisting of a plexus of bloodvessels, held together by delicate areolar tissue.
		It clothes the inner surface of the tunica albuginea and the different septa in the interior of the gland, and therefore forms an internal investment to all the spaces of which the gland is composed.
	conjugalscience.tripod.com /anatomyofmale.htm (9846 words)

	About Mesothelioma: Malignant Pleural & Peritoneal Mesothelioma Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatments, Information, Lung ...
		Surrounding the lung, the mesothelium is called the pleura and the form of mesothelioma is called pleural mesothelioma; in the abdomen, it is the peritoneum and the cancer is called peritoneal mesothelioma; the lining around the heart is the pericardium and there mesothelioma is identified as pericardial mesothelioma.
		There is also mesothelial tissue in the reproductive organs: in males, this tissue is called the tunica vaginalis testis and in women the tunica serosa uteri.
		While pericardial mesothelioma and mesotheliomas of the tunica vaginalis are also possible forms of the disease, they are very rare tumors and occur less often.
	www.mesotheliomahelp.net /about-mesothelioma.html (901 words)

	Case Based Pediatrics Chapter
		The processus vaginalis in females extends through the inguinal canal into the labia majoris and is referred to as the canal of Nuck (2).
		In males, a hydrocele is formed when there is patency of the processus vaginalis between the scrotum and the peritoneal cavity resulting in an accumulation of fluid between the layers of the tunica vaginalis surrounding the testis.
		The scrotal fluid collection that remains within the tunica vaginalis is referred to as a scrotal hydrocele, or a non-communicating hydrocele.
	www.hawaii.edu /medicine/pediatrics/pedtext/s10c02.html (3223 words)

	Case Based Pediatrics Chapter
		The rotation of the cord is "extravaginal" because the rotation of the cord is proximal to the attachment of the tunica vaginalis that encloses the testes.
		A congenital high attachment of the tunica vaginalis on the spermatic cord allows the testes to rotate on the cord, within the tunica vaginalis.
		Bell clapper deformity: incomplete investment of the tunica vaginalis onto the testicle and epididymis, with the testicle being predisposed to rotate, and torse, more easily than if the tunica vaginalis were present.
	www.hawaii.edu /medicine/pediatrics/pedtext/s13c10.html (1799 words)

	Medcyclopaedia - Open processus vaginalis, spermatic cord
		The processus vaginalis is an outpouching of the peritoneal cavity that descends with the testicle into the scrotal sac, ultimately becoming the tunica vaginalis.
		The tunica vaginalis envelops all but the posterior aspect of the epididymis and testicle.
		Failure of closure of processus vaginalis allows communication between the peritoneal cavity and tunica vaginalis, resulting in fluid accumulation in the tunica vaginalis.
	www.medcyclopaedia.com /library/topics/volume_iv_2/o/open_processus_vaginalis_spermatic_cord.aspx (527 words)

	The Testes
		Within the scrotum the testis is covered on its anterior, medial and lateral surfaces by the tunica vaginalis.
		The tunica vaginalis is the remnant of a developmental connection with the peritoneal cavity.
		At birth the tunica vaginalis forms a closed chamber invaginated posteriorly by the testis.
	www.med.mun.ca /anatomyts/repro/testes.htm (562 words)

	Urology : What is a hydrocele? - New Hanover Wilmington, NC
		A hydrocele occurs from an accumulation of fluid in the tunica vaginalis (a thin pouch that holds the testes within the scrotum).
		In the fetus, the tunica vaginalis is formed in the abdomen and then migrates into the scrotum with the testes.
		A communicating hydrocele occurs from the incomplete closure of the tunica vaginalis, so that a small amount of abdominal fluid may flow in and out of the thin pouch.
	www.nhhn.org /15690.cfm (556 words)

	DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
		After the tunica albuginea is exposed, a 5-0 or 6-0 vicryl suture on a small tapered needle is applied.
		All bleeding vessels are coagulated prior to incising the tunica albuginea to prevent saturation of the biopsy specimen with blood.
		Tunica vaginalis is also closed with a 5-0 vicryl suture.
	www.uhmc.sunysb.edu /urology/male_infertility/DIAGNOSTIC_PROCEDURES.html (2379 words)

	:: International Braz J Urol ::
		Studies on the anatomic aspects of the tunica vaginalis and the association with epididymal anatomy and its anomalies in patients with testicular torsion are scarce (5,12).
		The objective of this work is to analyze the morphology of epididymis and tunica vaginalis, as well as their anatomic anomalies in patients with testicular torsion.
		We concluded that intravaginal torsion (bell clapper tunica vaginalis) is the most frequent type of torsion, and torsion due to long mesorchium is associated with cryptorchism.
	www.brazjurol.com.br /september_october_2004/Favorito_ing_420_424.htm (1665 words)

	vgn-ext-hidden_PubMed (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nonpleural mesotheliomas: mesothelioma of the peritoneum, tunica vaginalis, and pericardium.
		Mesotheliomas are tumors that arise from the mesothelial cells of the pleura, peritoneum, pericardium, or tunica vaginalis.
		Mesotheliomas that involve the pericardium or originate from the tunica vaginalis are rare tumors.
	www.plwc.org /portal/site/ASCO/menuitem.a3fb42726842a82627c4c291ee37a01d/?vgnextoid=d70b3608f9958010VgnVCM100000f2730ad1RCRD&index=n&pmid=16325124 (205 words)

	Tunica vaginalis sperm reservoir in a monkey model of vas deferens obstruction -- Monga et al. 15 (4): 309 -- Journal ...
		Tunica vaginalis sperm reservoir in a monkey model of vas deferens obstruction -- Monga et al.
		Tunica vaginalis sperm reservoir in a monkey model of vas deferens obstruction
		the parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis was repaired, and sterile
	www.andrologyjournal.org /cgi/content/abstract/15/4/309 (249 words)

	Testicular Torsion
		the newborn the torsion is outside the tunica vaginalis and the torsion is of the spermatic cord.
		In older children, the torsion is within the tunica vaginalis The attachment of the tunica vaginalis allows an abnormal horizontal lie which increase the chance of a torsion because of the increased mobilitiy of the teste.
		Because the abnormal attachment of the tunica vaginalis is often bilateral, a bilateral orchipexy is done.
	pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu /torsion.html (514 words)

	ICD-9-CM from code 600
		Fibrosis of seminal vesicle, spermatic cord, testis, scrotum tunica vaginalis, or vas deferens
		Hypertrophy of seminal vesicle, spermatic cord, testis, scrotum tunica vaginalis, or vas deferens
		Ulcer of seminal vesicle, spermatic cord, testis, scrotum tunica vaginalis, or vas deferens
	www.dmi.columbia.edu /hripcsak/icd9/1tabular600.html (236 words)

	2006 Genitourinary Pathology Specialty Conference Handout - Case 3
		Since malignant mesothelioma of tunica vaginalis was still a consideration, the patient underwent a completion radical orchidectomy and left hemi-scrotectomy.
		In many areas, especially those where residual tunica vaginalis was present, residual tubular and papillary structures similar to those seen in the hydrocelectomy specimen were noted.
		Embryologically the tunica vaginalis originates as an outpouching of peritoneum and is lined by typical mesothelium.
	www.uscap.org /site~/95th/specgenih3.htm (4083 words)

	Endotext.com - Endocrinology Of Male Reproduction, Endocrinology of the Male Reproductive System
		The testis lies within the scrotum and is covered on all surfaces except its posterior border by a serous membrane called the tunica vaginalis.
		The relationships of the tunica vaginalis to the testis and epididymis is illustrated from the lateral view and two cross sections at the level of the head and mid-body of the epididymis.
		The arterial supply to the testis arises at the level of the second lumbar vertebra from the aorta on the right and the renal artery on the left and these vessels descend retroperitoneally to descend through the inguinal canal forming part of the spermatic cord.
	www.endotext.org /male/male1/male1.htm (2954 words)

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