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	Musical tuning - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is impossible to tune the twelve-note chromatic scale so that all intervals are "perfect"; many different methods with their own various compromises have thus been put forward.
		Such a system may use two different ratios for what is the same interval in equal temperament depending on context; for instance, a major second may be either in the ratio 9:8 or 10:9.
		For instance, William Sethares shows that the tunings of Balinese gamelans are related to the inharmonic spectra or timbre of their metallophones and the harmonic spectra of stringed instruments such as the rebab, just as just intonation and twelve tone equal temperament are related to the spectra or timbre of harmonic instruments alone.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Musical_tuning (1293 words)

	Tuning Systems Music Web Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		An Introduction to Historical Tunings - On the development of tuning systems in Medieval Europe (Kirnberger, Young, and mean-tone systems).
		Tuning by Ratios - This paper explores the use of simple ratios to tune musical intervals and chords.
		I Tuning Systems The opposite of a correct statement is a false statement.
	www.searchmusicnetwork.com /Theory_Tuning_Systems.html (1917 words)

	Self-Tuning Systems Software (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Tuning such systems is even more complicated, given that the usage of the various subsystems varies wildly based on the application mix, and since any single action (e.g., opening a document) may require services from many subsystems.
		Each systems component would perform measurement of its inputs and activities; however, the decisions as to what exactly to measure (out of a larger, fixed set of possibilities) would be made by the analysis agent.
		Finally, if the system were able to replace major subcomponents at run-time (an ability we are separately researching), then the system could reconfigure itself automatically on the fly, perhaps even downloading new component implementations from vendor-provided servers.
	www.barrera.org /selftune/selftune.htm (1843 words)

	Understanding Temperaments
		This text is complemented by a Java applet that demonstrates tunings and temperaments (I'm also thinking of a virtual instrument one could actually practice tuning on), and by some short musical examples in various tunings and temperaments (MIDI and some.au files).
		It is obtained by tuning a series of 11 pure fifths, typically from Eb to G#, the remaining fifth (diminished sixth really) receiving all of the ditonic comma and therefore being 24 cents flat.
		This tuning is mostly of theoretical interest since any attempt to impose it upon fixed-intonation instruments necessarily leads to serious flaws which make it impractical.
	pages.globetrotter.net /roule/temper.htm (4098 words)

	Tuning Systems
		In the Pythagorean system, all tuning is based on the interval of the pure fifth.
		In this system, the whole tone (or whole step) is considered to be exactly half of the pure third (this is the "mean", or average, tone, that gives the system its name), and a semitone (or half step) is exactly half of a whole tone.
		In Western music, the tuning systems that have been invented and widely used that directly address this problem are the various well temperaments and equal temperament.
	cnx.rice.edu /content/m11639/latest (3885 words)

	Pythagorean Tuning and Medieval Polyphony - Table of Contents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This FAQ article is intended to explain the system of tuning in perfect fifths commonly known as "Pythagorean intonation," its interaction with the stylistic traits of medieval polyphony, and its relationship to other systems of tuning.
		Providing a simple and elegant way of generating a musical scale, this tuning system may have a special appeal for styles of harmony where fifths and fourths are the most favored intervals, as is true in the ensemble music of Chinese and related traditions, for example, as well as in medieval European polyphony.
		Rather, techniques of tuning and notation interact creatively with musical style in each period, and should all be taken into consideration in understanding and recreating the music of a given age.
	www.medieval.org /emfaq/harmony/pyth.html (766 words)

	Directory - Arts: Music: Theory: Tuning Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Tuning by Ratios · cached · This paper explores the use of simple ratios to tune musical intervals and chords.
		Equal Temperament Tuning · cached · An introduction to equal temperament for guitarists who have problems tuning their guitars.
		An Introduction to Historical Tunings · cached · On the development of tuning systems in Medieval Europe (Kirnberger, Young, and mean-tone systems).
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=202202 (489 words)

	The Family of Equal-interval Tunings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In several tuning systems, however, many intervals of a certain type are the same size.
		In Pythagorean tuning (used in medieval music), 11 of the 12 possible fifths are just (with the result that 11 of the 12 major thirds are sharp).
		In equal-tempered tuning, all 12 fifths are tuned a little flat (and the major thirds are somewhat less sharp than in Pythagorean tuning, though still sharp).
	www.well.com /user/smalin/equal5th.htm (477 words)

	Modes and Scales in Indian Music
		Another disadvantage of this system was that after modulation, the scale would have to be slightly retuned because the intervals on each position were not exactly the same.
		This 32 that system seems to be the clearest approach to north Indian scales.
		Bhatkhande was brave enough to abandon the raga-ragini approach and introduce a scientific system of that (i.e., mela).
	chandrakantha.com /articles/scales.html (909 words)

	A beginner's guide to temperament
		Almost all the fourths and fifths are dead in tune, and the entire comma is 'dumped' on one interval (according to Arnaut de Zwolle between F and B flat), which is therefore unusable.
		In this temperament the major thirds are perfectly in tune and the fourths and fifths slightly compromised - except for one hideously catastrophic fifth, usually between G sharp and E flat, the famous 'wolf'.
		Of these systems, Werckmeister III is notable for its purity in the best keys and its suitability for organs with large quint mixtures (many of the fourths and fifths are in tune); but it is irregular and bumpy in the way it deals with modulation and key colour.
	www.users.dircon.co.uk /~oneskull/3.6.04.htm (1780 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Tuning Systems Musical (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Tuning Systems, Musical, theoretical or practical systems for determining the correct tuning for the intervals of a scale.
		Equal Temperament, in music, a type of temperament (tuning of a scale) in which every semitone within an octave is exactly equal.
		coordinate proofs, drawing lines on a coordinate system, finding coordinates on a coordinate plane, finding coordinates on a number line, finding...
	encarta.msn.com /Tuning_Systems_Musical.html (172 words)

	21st Century Orchestral Instruments
		In 1997 Alternative Tuning Projects undertook a pilot feasibility study funded by the Arts Council of England to establish a Centre in the UK for new acoustic musical instruments - particularly new or adapted versions of orchestral instruments for alternative tuning systems.
		Alternative tuning systems are now an important area of compositional interest, and one which will certainly increase in future.
		The value, therefore, of agreeing a provisional standard alternative tuning system (or systems) would be very considerable, both from the point of view of instrument manufacture as well as of composition and performance.
	www.c21-orch-instrs.demon.co.uk (2216 words)

	tuning systems
		tuning systems, methods for assigning pitches to the twelve Western pitch names that constitute the octave.
		The need for a tuning system hinges on the conflict of pitch relationships in the natural overtone series and the exigencies of musical compositional systems, specifically those utilizing the familiar diatonic scale.
		The mean-tone system generated the scale with fifths just flat enough to eliminate this difference, producing a scale containing acoustically perfect thirds.
	www.factmonster.com /id/A0849691 (263 words)

	Tuning Pro Systems Carburetor - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Coolant-system leaksâ”Coolant systems leaks commonly occur at the cylinder...
		BG Fuel Systems - The leader in fuel delivery systems for street or competition use, carbureted or electronic fuel...
		systems, like intake systems, can be affected by track conditions and environmental conditions and our tuneable collector and primary tuning...
	tuning.facdt.com /index.php?k=tuning-pro-systems-carburetor (1028 words)

	Physical Acoustics of Tuning Systems
		Most musical notes are produced by a mechanical or electronic system which vibrates or oscillates.
		If the vibrations repeat regularly the period of the oscillation is the length of time required for one such vibration and the frequency of the oscillation is the number of times the vibration is repeated per second.
		Another harmonic having a direct bearing on the construction of musical tuning systems is the 5th harmonic which is about two and a quarter octaves above the fundamental.
	www.midicode.com /tunings/acoustics.shtml (1486 words)

	The Buzz Feiten Tuning System - Home
		Summit is a world-renowned luthiery school and has now incorporated the Buzz Feiten Tuning System as the standard for guitar and fretted instrument intonation in their curriculum.
		The resulting 'tempered' tuning is superbly musical, and most important, in tune with the ear at all intervals.
		Inspired by the piano's tempered tuning, the Buzz Feiten Tuning System is a revolutionary intonation model for guitar that intonates each string not only to itself, but also to every other string.
	www.buzzfeiten.com (1558 words)

	An Atlas of Consonance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It should be obvious that all the significant partials of these two musical tones all align, and the two strings sound in tune.
		The system can be expanded to represent four tones, that is three notes over a drone, by adding a third axis to the graph.
		The ease of calculation and generation of chords and scales, and the extendibility of the system to any number of tones makes this method particularly suited for sophisticated computer-aided modeling, analysis, and composition.
	www.sohl.com /sohl/mt/maptone.html (3579 words)

	Tuning & temperament bibliography
		Aning, B. "Tuning the kora: A case study of the norms of a Gambian musician", Journal of African studies vol.
		Tuning, temperament and pedagogy for the vihuela in Juan Bermudo's 'Declaración de instrumentos musicales' (1555).
		Bell tuning in ancient China: a six-tone scale in a 12-tone system based on fifths and thirds", WWW, June 2003.
	www.xs4all.nl /%7ehuygensf/doc/bib.html (10762 words)

	Keyboard temperament analyzer/calculator - Bradley Lehman
		It is a logarithmic system similar to that of "cents," but designed to be easier to understand and use than cents notation, when working with divisions of the commas.
		With this system, the other important comma (syntonic comma) works out to be almost exactly 660 TU, and the difference between the two commas (the "schisma") is therefore 60.
		The ear can tolerate fifths that are out of tune by up to approximately 300 TU, and major thirds that are up to about 700 TU wide or perhaps 200 TU narrow (these amounts are all subjective, of course).
	www-personal.umich.edu /~bpl/temper.html (2467 words)

	Server Oriented System Tuning Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The disk i/o elevators is another kernel tuneable that can be tweaked for improved disk i/o in some cases.
		A system doing a lot of network or disk I/o will have high values here, as interupts are generated everytime something is read or written to the disk or network.
		This and fd-count are both from the system tuning page for Volano chat, a multithread java based chat server.
	people.redhat.com /alikins/system_tuning.html (4942 words)

	Zomd :: Arts :: Music :: Theory :: Tuning Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Introduction to tuning systems, based on the cents system.
		On the development of tuning systems in Medieval Europe (Kirnberger, Young, and mean-tone systems).
		Paper on the history of the tuning system, as well as information about tuning a harpsichord in this system.
	www.zomd.org /category_202202.html (324 words)

	The Development of Musical Tuning Systems
		I trace the development of western tuning systems from their origins in ancient Greece and Babylon up to the development of equal temperament.
		I have not ventured into modern tuning systems using the seventh and higher harmonics nor into division of the tonal spectrum other than into octaves of 12 semitones (though my software supports such features).
		There are many other excellent web sites on the subject of microtonal tuning systems and I have included links to just some of these on my links page.
	www.midicode.com /tunings/index.shtml (765 words)

	Discussion Search for "tuning+systems" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Certain equal tuning systems are more practical than others as a bridge from 12; … Post #9.
		This course examines tuning systems and temperaments appropriate for historical … Post—Tonal Aural Skills (2).
		Self tuning systems, which are the ultimate in performance tuning, … Don't mind me. Just burbling on.
	discussion.lycos.com /results.asp?query=%22tuning%2Bsystems%22&adf= (311 words)

	Tantrum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In each of the triads built upon C, F, and B-flat, the major third is perfectly in tune, but the minor third is very flat.
		When the mouse is clicked on a tuning element, that element and all other instances of that pitch class are highlighted.
		In the example above, the mouse has been clicked on the minor 3rd of the B triad, which is the pitch class D. As a result, this tuning element, as well as the root of the D triad, the fifth of the G triad and the major 3rd of the B-flat triad, have become highlighted.
	www.well.com /user/smalin/tantrum.html (528 words)

	Oracle third party vendor system tuning systems
		The unsuspecting customer is then left with the formidable task of tuning SQL that they did not write and are not responsible for tuning.
		In some cases, dissatisfied customers are forced to hire consultants to come in and tune the vendor's application and then insist that the vendor pay the charges for their shortcomings.
		There are many services that provide Oracle documentation and tuning for third-party Oracle vendors, so there is no excuse for suffering from poor performance and/or paying for expensive consulting services.
	www.dba-oracle.com /art_builder_vend.htm (769 words)

	Tuning Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		While most people are happy with the standard tuning, there is a whole wealth of musical resources hiding between the keys on the piano and that is what microtonality is all about.
		Jon Catler is a microtonal guitarist and inventor of tuning systems for guitars. He is also a dealer of G&L guitars fretted in his systems (formerly fretted by Peterson Stringed Instruments). See his 62 Tone Just Guitar
		Joe Monzo's tuning dictionary entry on equal temperaments - Including theorists who have used them, and graphs of their approximations of 11 odd-limit ratios.
	www.organicdesign.org /peterson/tuning/index.html (317 words)

	Consonance Theory Explained
		A musical tone makes is a sound containing a dominant frequency of vibration. For this discussion you might want to imagine a sine wave.
		The ear will hear any small whole number frequency ratio as consonant. Tuning systems based on these simple intervals are called Just Intonation systems. Here's a list of small whole number ratios commonly considered consonant:
		An octave is created when one tone vibrates at twice the frequency of another one.
	www.organicdesign.org /peterson/tuning/consonance.html (298 words)

	Savas Tuning Systems Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		avas Tuning Systems, Inc. was founded in 1984 as an automotive tuning products company.
		The company began by manufacturing the components necessary to rebuild automotive carburetors and distributors to higher standards than available elsewhere.
		The company expanded its customer support services into automotive tuning and repairs.
	www.savastuningsystems.com (156 words)

	nonoctave.com: Musical Tuning & Microtuner Software
		Our goal is to enable composers to effectively and expressively harness the incredible dimension of pitch and tuning in their work.
		A suite of applications to help visualize, analyze, understand, comprehend, appreciate and compose in tuning systems, both comfortable traditional tunings and astonishing new tunings as yet unheard.
		Change the tuning of all (or a range) of the patches in a bank in one operation.
	www.nonoctave.com /tuning (787 words)

	Xteq Systems
		Xteq Systems is a team of ordinary people dedicated to create, develop, improve, test and promote software, add-ons, tips and fixes, with the main goal of Do more faster.
		Xteq Systems offers a lot of nice freeware programs for you to enjoy.
		Xteq Systems is an alliance member of XQDC.
	www.xteq.com (142 words)

	Tuning Page
		An underlying and recurring problem in music is establishing compatibility between tuning systems used in ensemble performances.
		This is expensive and usually results in the instrument becoming useless in its original tuning and difficult to play in the new tuning.
		Tune instruments to approach various popular tuning systems equally well.
	www.rev.net /~aloe/music/tuning.html (574 words)

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