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Topic: Tunisian Workers Communist Party

	Tunisian Workers' Communist Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Tunisian Workers' Communist Party (French: Parti communiste des ouvriers tunisiens, Arabic: Hizb al-'Ummal al-Shuyu'i) (PCOT) is an illegal Marxist-Leninist political party in Tunisia.
		It was founded on January 3, 1986 and has a youth wing the Union of Communist Youth of Tunisia (UJCT).
		Amnesty International reports that in 1998 five students were charged with belonging to PCOT and given 4 year prison sentences after student demonstrations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tunisian_Workers'_Communist_Party (122 words)

	Workers' Communist Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		France - Communist Party of the Workers of France
		Portugal - Communist Party of the Portuguese Workers - Reorganizative Movement of the Party of the Proletariat
		Ukraine - Communist Party of the Workers and Peasants
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Workers'_Communist_Party (150 words)

	Tunisia Human Rights Practices, 1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		No political party may be based on religion, race, sex, or region, receive funds from a foreign party, or financial aid from foreign governments or citizens.
		Workers between the ages of 14 and 18 are prohibited from working from 10 p.m.
		Workers are free to remove themselves from dangerous situations without jeopardizing their employment, and they may take legal action against employers who retaliate for exercising their right.
	www.usemb.se /human/human95/tunisia.htm (5610 words)

	1993 Human Rights Report: TUNISIA
		Tunisian law specifies that no citizen shall be exiled from the country, and there were no reports of government-imposed exile in 1993.
		Opposition parties that participate in the March 20, 1994, elections are assured of at least token representation in the chamber.
		Tunisian law prohibits retribution against strikers, but some employers punish strikers who are then forced to pursue costly and time-consuming legal remedies to protect their rights.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/democracy/1993_hrp_report/93hrp_report_nea/Tunisia.html (6598 words)

	The presidential and legislative elections - Tunis 2004
		The trade unions endorsement came after the national administrative commission of the General Union of Tunisian Workers met to discuss the issue on Friday.
		The General Union of Tunisian Workers (UGTT) is one of the oldest and most independent trade union federations in Africa.
		The second declared candidate is Mr Mounir Beji, the president of the Social Liberal Party (PSL).
	www.tunisiaonline.com /elections2004/nouvelles/010904.html (449 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Region \| Electoral indifference in Tunisia
		The political emotions of ordinary Tunisians are aroused by the daily outrages in Iraq and Palestine.
		The second camp of opinion is made up of legally established parties that, in recent years, have been growing increasingly critical of the president and ruling party.
		As disparate as their ideological orientations are, these parties all share the conviction, as stated by the Republican Congress leader Al-Munsif Al-Marzouqi, that the political situation in Tunisia inhibits even the minimal standards and guarantees necessary for democratic elections.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2004/712/re2.htm (808 words)

	Middle East Report 205: Authoritarianism and Civil Society in Tunisia, by Christopher Alexander
		Party elites discretely encouraged unrest as a way of discrediting competitors, then tried to negotiate alliances with the student and worker movements in order to secure a popular base for their own ambitions.
		He abolished the office of party director--a position of considerable power in the 1970s--and reduced the autonomy of his ministers.
		The legal opposition parties continue to participate in an electoral system that is stacked against them because it is the only game in town and because it gives them an opportunity to build their own organizations.
	www.merip.org /mer/mer205/alex.htm (4175 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Near East and North Africa
		A 1990 firebomb attack on an RCD party headquarters in the Bab Souika district of Tunis sparked a harsh government crackdown on the Islamist opposition.
		Opposition parties were elected to Tunisia's Chamber of Deputies for the first time in 1994 due to a new electoral code which set aside 19 seats in the legislature for opposition candidates elected by proportional vote.
		Tunisian dinars may not be imported or exported, but foreign currency, including dollars, may be imported; departing travelers may take out the amounts they brought in and any other foreign currency certified to have been legally acquired in Tunisia.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/nea/tunisia9407.html (2416 words)

	Middle East Books
		Chaabane expresses the government viewpoint that all parties or movements purporting to be based solely upon Islam are meaningless in a country in which virtually 100 percent of the population is Muslim.
		Tunisian law also makes a clear distinction between holding beliefs, no matter how hateful, which it considers freedom of thought and no crime, and "incitement to fanaticism and advocacy of hatred," which is a crime.
		Tunisian law provides that "a prison term of two months to three years and a fine of one thousand to two thousand dinars is the penalty for anyone directly advocating...hatred between races, religions, or inhabitants [or] propagating ideas based on racial discrimination [or] religious extremism."
	www.middleeastbooks.com /html/books/chaabane.html (1558 words)

	Tunisia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The ruling RCD Party is firmly intertwined with government institutions throughout the country, making it extremely difficult for opposition parties to compete on a level playing field; however, there was limited progress toward greater pluralism.
		The Government and the party are integrated closely; the President of the Republic is also the president of the party, and the party's secretary general holds the rank of minister.
		Workers are free to remove themselves from dangerous situations without jeopardizing their employment, and they may take legal action against employers who retaliate against them for exercising this right.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/1999/index.cfm?docid=428 (13292 words)

	AI REPORT 1997: Tunisia (the Republic of)
		A Tunisian staff member of the International Secretariat of Amnesty International was arrested in August, when he went to Tunisia on holiday.
		Tunisians living abroad were arrested and interrogated about their activities abroad when they returned to Tunisia.
		In August, Amnesty International wrote to the President to protest at the detention of a Tunisian staff member of its International Secretariat, emphasizing that members of Amnesty International are not involved in research or campaigning on their own countries.
	www.amnesty.org /ailib/aireport/ar97/MDE30.htm (1535 words)

	1996 Human Rights Report: Tunisia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In April the Tunisian Association of Democratic Women sponsored a national conference celebrating the international observance of Women's Day (April 8.) It was the first time in 2 years that the group was able to hold a meeting in a public place.
		The Government and the party are closely integrated: The President of the republic is also the President of the party, and the party's Secretary General holds the rank of Minister of State.
		Workers between the ages of 14 and 18 must have 12 hours of rest a day, which include the hours between 10 pm and 6 am.
	www.usemb.se /human/1996/neareast/tunisia.html (6652 words)

	The Egyptian Organization for Human Rights
		Tunisians of different political trends, including former ministers, acknowledged that the WSIS could offer invaluable opportunities to inform the international community of the unrelenting attacks on freedom of expression and to campaign for the protection of this basic right before and after the Tunis Summit of the WSIS.
		The Tunisian authorities sought repeatedly to obtain the postponement of the mission under different pretexts before arranging meetings for members of the delegation with government officials and offering to arrange others with state agencies and state-sponsored organisations.
		The establishment of the Tunisian Human Rights League in 1977, the first of its kind in Africa and the Arab world, and the blossoming of an independent press in the last decade of Bourguiba's lengthy and autocratic rule prompted hope among democracy advocates in Tunisia and the rest of the Arab world.
	www.eohr.org /report/2005/re1.htm (2098 words)

	International Marxist-Leninist Conference in Dominican Republic
		But the general tendency which is evidenced in the workers' and peoples' movement is the gaining of independence with regard to the revisionists and reformists, taking their struggles into their own hands, radicalizing their slogans, their forms of struggle and organization.
		Both the direct struggle of the workers and the masses in their various expressions, as well as the use of the institutional spaces in each country and in the world, are valid to achieve the conquests of the rights which we have put forward and to plan the revolutionary combat for power.
		Communist Party of Colombia (M-L) Communist Party of Labour of the Dominican Republic
	www.revolutionarydemocracy.org /rdv3n1/mlconf.htm (3783 words)

	Authoritarianism and Civil Society in Tunisia
		Party elites discretely encouraged unrest as a way of discrediting competitors, then tried to negotiate alliances with the student and worker movements in order to secure a popular base for their own ambitions.
		Second, the worker and student unions' reliance on public funds allowed Bourguiba to intervene in and manipulate their internal politics.
		The legal opposition parties continue to participate in an electoral system that is stacked against them because it is the only game in town and because it gives them an opportunity to build their own organizations.
	www.mafhoum.com /press3/113P51.htm (3815 words)

	Letter to Colin Powell urging U.S action in favor of Tunisian political prisoner (Human Rights Watch Press release, )
		Human Rights Watch is writing to urge a strong intervention by the United States in favor of the release of Tunisian political prisoner Hamma Hammami, as well as all other persons imprisoned in Tunisia for their political opinions and nonviolent political activities.
		Hammami is serving a three-year, two-month sentence for activities related to the political party of which he is spokesman, the Tunisian Communist Workers Party (PCOT).
		Such declarations, in the absence of any public expressions of concern about human rights, are likely seen by Tunisian authorities as U.S. acquiescence in their use of the struggle against terrorism and extremism as a cover for silencing all critics of the government, be they Islamist, leftist, liberal, human rights activists, or disaffected public servants.
	www.hrw.org /press/2002/07/powell0731-ltr.htm (643 words)

	Amnesty International 1998 Annual Report on Tunisia (the Republic of)
		At least nine senior members of the Union générale des travailleurs tunisiens, Tunisian General Workers' Union, were arrested in April, and accused of involvement in the issuing of several petitions criticizing the increasing restrictions on civil liberties, trade union rights and human rights.
		Tunisians living outside the country were arrested and interrogated about their activities abroad when they returned to Tunisia.
		Lazhar Belgacem, a Tunisian worker resident in Austria and father of two, was arrested in July when he visited his family and was accused of unauthorized political activities abroad.
	www.amnesty.org /ailib/aireport/ar98/mde30.htm (1448 words)

	Ms. Magazine \| Women on the Verge of 2000
		Her Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle was the winner of the June parliamentary elections, but by October, the parliament and other government officials had decided not to tap her for the top spot.
		This Tunisian lawyer continues to be harassed and to have her children stalked by the police for daring to defend the human rights of students, communists, Arab nationalists, and other Tunisians.
		Her husband, Hamma Hammami, one of the leaders of the unauthorized Tunisian Communist Workers party, is in hiding.
	www.msmagazine.com /dec99/womenverge1.asp (2362 words)

	Conference Statement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Conference saluted the accomplishment of the Founding Congress of the Workers Communist Party of Denmark, which was being held simultaneously with the Conference.
		Communist Party of Colombia (M-L) Workers Communist Party of Denmark (APK)
		Organisation for the Communist Party of the Proletariat of Italy
	www.tdkp.org /US/US-8/statement_8.htm (890 words)

	The presidential and legislative elections - Tunis 2004
		Considering the number or presidential hopefuls and the participation of no less than seven political parties in the legislative campaign, the hundreds of candidates are expected to present to voters a wide spectrum of ideas.
		Since the 1999 elections, that pre-set minimum has allowed five of the opposition parties (the MDS, the PUP, the UDU, Ettajiid and the PSL parties) to hold seats in the Chamber of Deputies, while the Democratic Constitutional Rally (RCD) has held the majority of seats.
		That number could double after next elections based on the pledge made by President Ben Ali to put at least 20% of women candidates on the legislative slates of the RCD party, which he chairs and which is expected to carry the majority of seats in parliament.
	www.tunisiaonline.com /elections2004/revuedepresse/middleeast200904.html (600 words)

	Tunisia: independent but not free, by Kamel Labidi
		Talbi is one of the few Tunisian intellectuals old enough to have lived under French rule, and he also experienced the excitement about independence on 20 March 1956 and the enthusiastic start to building a modern state, long hailed as exemplary.
		In the 1960s, when the Socialist Destourian party (PSD) had unrestricted control over all public bodies, Tunis University was a forum for real debate, addressing issues such as development and democracy, and criticising Bourguiba’s policies, including his support for the US intervention in Vietnam.
		In 1981 the partial restoration of political pluralism raised hopes, as did an end to the ban on the Tunisian Communist party (PCT).
	mondediplo.com /2006/03/04tunisia (2732 words)

	Friends of Tunisia September 99 Newsletter
		(opposition parties are guaranteed 20% of the seats in the legislature.
		Although the European press criticized the election because only government-approved opposition parties were allowed to run candidates, Tunisian authorities insist that the election is an important first step in an evolution to complete democracy.
		Tunisian textile expert Dagmar Painter gave a fascinating talk in October to Washington-area members of Friends of Tunisia on symbolism in Tunisian textiles.
	friendsofmorocco.org /FOTNews/Dec99FOTnews.htm (1490 words)

	THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE IN TUNISIA:
		No evidence was introduced during the trial to indicate that any of the defendants had committed, conspired to commit, or incited others to commit acts of violence.
		The party spokesperson, Hamma Hammami, who was sentenced in absentia in this trial, is married to attorney Nasraoui.
		As a result of the prosecution of suspected political opponents that is the focus of this report, six young Tunisians remained in prison from the time of their arrests in February 1998 until November 1999, when they were conditionally released as part of a wide scale presidential amnesty.
	www.hrw.org /reports/2000/tunisia/1tun.htm (867 words)

	IFLA/FAIFE Report on IFEX-TMG Mission to Tunis
		IFLA should call on the Tunisian government to amend the country's press code to ensure that the system of receipts is no longer used to restrict the circulation of information materials within the country.
		In short, and as expected, while the Tunisian government states that intellectual freedom is alive and well inside the country, government opponents point to restrictions on freedom of association, freedom of expression and freedom of access to information that make it impossible to call Tunisian a democratic country in the truest sense of the expression.
		Despite submitting a letter to the Interior Ministry in compliance with Tunisian law (which she has done four times since 1998) she was refused a receipt or letter-stamp from the department.
	www.ifla.org /faife/faife/tunis-report2005.htm (7740 words)

	HUMAN RIGHTS DEVELOPMENTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		One recently formed opposition party, the Congress for the Republic, continued to be denied legal recognition, while another, the Democratic Forum for Work and Freedom, was legalized on October 25, eight years after first applying for recognition.
		As of mid-October, Tunisian authorities had yet to reply favorably to a long-standing request for a visit by the special rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers.
		The Tunisian government impeded some projects of nongovernmental organizations that had been funded by the European Commission, on the grounds that it had been inadequately informed of them, according to a commission official.
	www.hrwf.net /html/tunisia_ps_20030116.html (3422 words)

	IPI (International Press Institute) :: Tunisia
		Tunisian authorities seized an issue of the monthly opposition magazine Al Tariq al Jadid ("New Path") on 19 March.
		Al Tariq al Jadid is the official mouthpiece of the Attajdid party, one of five legal opposition groups, who promptly denounced the move as a violation of press freedom.
		Party officials said the journal had been impounded at the printing house with no explanation.
	www.freemedia.at /cms/ipi/freedom_detail.html?country=/KW0001/KW0004/KW0106/&year=2002 (1216 words)

	Tunisia Web Tour and Expose
		If I think the Tunisians should enjoy their freedom, if I believe that their rights should be respected, I must not, above all as a lawyer, make a distinction between the people on the grounds of their ideology or their political views.
		It is true that the Tunisian government always tries to spread propaganda on this subject by saying that the situation of Tunisian women is clearly better than the situation of women in other Arab countries, that even Europeans are starting to envy Tunisian women because of the rights they enjoy.
		Personally, I believe that the responsibility on this level principally lies with the Tunisians themselves; it is the Tunisians who have to fight to establish respect for human rights and respect for freedom.
	www.ic.arizona.edu /ic/wendres/tunisia/testimonye.htm (2169 words)

	Tunisian justice system undermined - The Wire - March2002 - Amnesty International
		The Tunisian government has taken other steps to undermine the independence of the judiciary.
		Three Tunisians were sentenced to heavy prison sentences by the Tunis military tribunal on 31 January 2002 on charges of belonging to a "terrorist organization operating from abroad".
		Four leaders of an unauthorized political party - the Tunisian Workers’ Communist Party, (PCOT) - emerged in February after years of being in hiding.
	web.amnesty.org /web/wire.nsf/March2002/Tunisia (538 words)

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