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Topic: Tunnel effect

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	What is a tunnel effect? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The tunnel effect occurs notably in the case of alpha particles emitted by certain radioactive nuclei.
		Tunnelling also occurs in the operation of certain semeconductor diodes in which electrons pass through potential barriers even though their kinetic energies are smaller than the barrier heights.
		The tunnel effect is basically tunnelling of electron from valence band of P side semiconductor to conduction band of N side semiconductor in a P/N diode.
	www.edaboard.com /ftopic85070.html (524 words)

	Tunnel magnetoresistance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In physics, the tunnel magnetoresistance effect, commonly abbreviated as TMR, occurs when two ferromagnets are separated by a thin (about 1 nm) insulator.
		Then the resistance of the tunneling current changes with the relative orientation of the two magnetic layers.
		following renewed interest in this field fueled by the discovery of the giant magnetoresistive effect.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Magnetic_tunnel_effect (181 words)

	Tunnel Effect
		One of those cool effects used in oldskool demos is the Tunnel Effect.
		This effect shows a tunnel in which you fly while the tunnel rotates, seemingly in 3D.
		This code creates a tunnel where you fly forward while the tunnel rotates, and the center of the tunnel always remains in the center of the screen.
	www.student.kuleuven.ac.be /~m0216922/CG/tunnel.html (1253 words)

	Religious interpretations of near-death experiences
		The effects of religious diversity may not only influence the interpretations of near-death experiences but also may account for some of the differences in the descriptions of encounters with incorporeal entities, the setting of the experience, and in the activities that are reported during the experience.
		The effect of this spiritual awakening on the experiencer is a more positive attitude towards life, a lack of fear of dying, and a sense of service towards others (Moody, 1977, 1980, 1988; Ring, 1980, 1985).
		The tunnel effect and a sensation of being out-of-body is believed to be caused by the chemical reactions in the body during the death process (Moody, 1988, p.178).
	www.near-death.com /experiences/articles013.html (7978 words)

	Single-electron transistors (September 1998) - Physics World - PhysicsWeb
		The electrical behaviour of the tunnel junction depends on how effectively the barrier transmits electron waves, which decreases exponentially with its thickness, and on the number of electron-wave modes that impinge on the barrier, which is given by the area of the tunnel junction divided by the square of the electron wavelength.
		Secondly, the tunnel effect itself should be weak enough to prevent the charge of the tunnelling electrons from becoming delocalized over the two electrodes of the junction, as happens in chemical bonds.
		Tunnel junctions were created by oxidizing areas of the niobium with the tip of a scanning electron microscope.
	www.physicsweb.org /article/world/11/9/7/1 (3621 words)

	Tunnel diodes - Chapter 3: DIODES AND RECTIFIERS - Volume III - Semiconductors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Tunnel diodes, also known as Esaki diodes in honor of their Japanese inventor Leo Esaki, are able to transition between peak and valley current levels very quickly, "switching" between high and low states of conduction much faster than even Schottky diodes.
		In order to exploit the tunnel effect, these diodes are maintained at a bias voltage somewhere between the peak and valley voltage levels, always in a forward-biased polarity (anode positive, and cathode negative).
		Perhaps the most common application of a tunnel diode is in simple high-frequency oscillator circuits, where they allow a DC voltage source to contribute power to an LC "tank" circuit, the diode conducting when the voltage across it reaches the peak (tunnel) level and effectively insulating at all other voltages.
	www.allaboutcircuits.com /vol_3/chpt_3/11.html (369 words)

	Vicario and Kiritani (1999) Slow-motion tunnel effect: an inquiry into vertical organization of perceptual events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Since it deals with three successive movements (the first and the third modal, the second one amodal) that are integrated in one kinetic structure, it becomes suitable to illustrate the problem of horizontal organization of perceptual events (integration or segregation of successive events).
		A new kind of tunnel effect is described (a long rectangle sliding behind a standing screen, where the speed of translation of the emerging parts of the rectangle is far slower: 1 cm/sec instead of 40 cm/sec).
		This slow-motion tunnel effect deals with movements that are simultaneous (on either side of the standing screen), and then it becomes suitable to illustrate the vertical organization of events (integration or segregation of simultaneous events).
	www.getcited.org /pub/103417178 (250 words)

	Prediction of the Tunnel Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		By choosing the time of the epoch as the time when the perceived target is at the center of the tunnel, the head of this dynamic curve moves from one side of the tunnel to the other side with the variation of the temporal-scale.
		Another way to stop the diffusion across the tunnel would be to use strong illusory contours caused by a deep valley perpendicular to the trajectory across the tunnel.
		This is a kind of tunnel effect of the fence due to the movement of the observer.
	www.ensc.sfu.ca /people/grad/brassard/personal/THESIS/node107.html (580 words)

	Full-Scale S-76 Rotor Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Results from the two S-76 wind tunnel tests suggest that the wind tunnel wall corrections should not be used for rotors operating in a nominal thrust range with rotor diameters up to 55% of the wind tunnel test section width, for advance ratio „ 0.150, in either the 40x80 or 80x120.
		Aerodynamic interaction effects between the fuselage and the walls of the tunnel are investigated by comparing wall, ceiling, and floor pressures for various tunnel velocities and fuselage angles-of-attack.
		Aerodynamic interaction effects between the rotor and the walls of the tunnel are also investigated by comparing wall, ceiling, and floor pressures for various rotor shaft angles, rotor thrust conditions, and tunnel velocities.
	halfdome.arc.nasa.gov /research/s76.html (953 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Emphasis was placed in improving the accuracy of the ground effect data by using a "dynamic" technique in which the model's vertical motion was varied automatically during wind-on testing.
		The method for acquiring and processing time data from a dynamic ground effect wind tunnel test is outlined with details of the overall data acquisition system and software used for the data analysis.
		The removal of inertial loads due to sting motion and the support dynamics in the balance force and moment data measurements of the aerodynamic forces on the model is described.
	techreports.larc.nasa.gov /ltrs/refer/1999/cr/NASA-99-cr209544.refer (185 words)

	Creative Cow - Show
		By using the “reshape” effect, we can move the center of the tunnel around to add some twists and turns, and to inject a bit of drama we can fake some camera shake by using the “Transform” effect.
		As well as the twists and turns using the “reshape” effect, the tunnel also rotates by animating the value of the offset filter, and the “Radial Blur” effect has a modified expression to take into account the Transform effect’s position change – this allows the radial blur to be applied after the Transform effect.
		The second variation of the effect uses a different texture to simulate wires, just to demonstrate that not all tunnels are science-fiction wormholes.
	www.creativecow.net /show.php?page=/articles/zwar_chris/tunnel/index.html (4302 words)

	The SquizLog: Wind Tunnels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		A similar wind tunnel effect was frequently in operation there too.
		This tunnel effect is exploited by sloop-rigged yachts.
		tunnel effect is useful and sought-after on a yacht - not so useful and sought-after when you nip out for a coffee.
	squizlog.keithpitty.org /archives/000236.html (337 words)

	Military Medicine: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Effect on Army dental personnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The first surgical procedure for carpal tunnel syndrome was performed by Sir James Learmont; surgery became a frequent treatment for this condition by the late 1940s and early 1950s.
		The term "carpal tunnel syndrome" first appeared in the literature during the 1950s.2 However, it was not until 1957 that the term was commonly used to describe all cases of a compression neuropathy of the median nerve at the wrist.3 Today, CTS is a well-recognized condition that is attributed to both medical and occupational causes.
		Of the commonly accepted theories that explain spontaneous CTS, Moore has suggested that compression of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel is the most widely accepted explanation.4 He offered "slow compression by exertional strain" as an etiologic variation of CTS and a rationale that has gained broad acceptance in the biomechanical and ergonomic communities.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3912/is_200005/ai_n8884962 (1330 words)

	Non X-ray brain reader (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The solution would be to use the tunnel effect to overcome that difficulty.
		The tunnel effect is a quantum process where a wave travel throughout an obstacle if this one is no more than some wavelengths thick.
		In the tunnel process, the maximum amplitude of the wave is pushed off center in L2 and so the photon maximum likehood presence probability is displaced.
	www.cryonet.org /cgi-bin/dsp.cgi?msg=13728 (510 words)

	[No title]
		The significance of effect is derived by relating the importance of the site to the severity of impact and back where the approach to the assessment is described in volume one at chapter 5 on page 61 is a matrix at table 5.4, which shows how we derive the significance of effect.
		One is the visual effect, the second is the noise effect and the third is context.
		Again, the advantage of moving the tunnel portal 200 metres to the west is to transmute what is described in the table here as a "neutral effect" into one that is moderately beneficial in that very important monument.
	www.planning-inspectorate.gov.uk /stonehenge/documents/am9mar.doc (14510 words)

	Speed Up Effects: Tunnel Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Placing a wind turbine in such a tunnel is one clever way of obtaining higher wind speeds than in the surrounding areas.
		To obtain a good tunnel effect the tunnel should be "softly" embedded in the landscape.
		In case the hills are very rough and uneven, there may be lots of turbulence in the area, i.e.
	www.windpower.org /en/tour/wres/speedup.htm (229 words)

	SCOI Presents Carpal Tunnel Release
		To employ the endoscopic technique in carpal tunnel release, a small 1/2 inch horizontal incision is made at the wrist and the arthroscope is introduced underneath the transverse carpal ligament.
		In effect, by cutting through the transverse carpal ligament, the compression on the median nerve is alleviated and the nerve is thus allowed to go on the heal.
		Endoscopic carpal tunnel surgery is performed on an outpatient basis utilizing a local anesthetic to numb the arm.
	scoi.com /ctr.htm (397 words)

	Re: about faster than ligth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		If an interference process deflates a bump and inflates another without moving them, thenwe have the so called tunnel effect between one bump and the other.
		"Ordinary" tunnel effect is only between a side and the other of a single L2 bump, that is why it works only on short distances.
		With the new double L2 bump, there is the possibility to have a long range tunnel effect.
	www.cryonet.org /cgi-bin/dsp.cgi?msg=13978 (428 words)

	Golf Aids - Tunnel Super Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Tunnel Super Net frame can be secured to the ground in three different ways.
		The shape and tunnel effect of this driving net, encourages the practicing golfer to swing naturally, giving the feeling of driving into the distance and not just into the net.
		This baffle is fabricated in our own workshops for attachment to the inside rear of the tunnel for heavy usage and to absorb the hitting power of the lower handicap golfer.
	www.golfaids.co.uk /cgi-bin/pn_tunnelsupernet.pl (245 words)

	Tunnel Effect and Phenomenal Permanence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		When an object gradually disappears behind an obstacle, sometimes the object doesn't really seem to disappear, it does not immediately cease to be present, you have a general sense of where it is while it is hidden, this phenomena is called the tunnel effect (Wertheimer 1912), (Sampaio 1943), (Michotte 1946, 1950).
		If you look at the generic of a movie where bright letters on a dark background are moving up the screen, then you can see the letters moving completely outside of the display area at the top of the screen before disappearing.
		Michotte showed that the phenomena of permanence occurs into a large class of kinematic and static perceptual phenomena such as Ruben's background/segregation, the static amodal completion, the screen effect (perceive continuity in spite of partial occlusion), the tunnel effect, the stroboscopic effect (Section 2.15).
	www.ensc.sfu.ca /people/grad/brassard/personal/THESIS/node55.html (845 words)

	BBC NEWS \| England \| Cornwall \| Tunnel bulging 'effect of light'
		Residents in a town have criticised the Highways Agency over tunnel repairs because they say bulges supposed to have been fixed are still visible.
		Last year, aluminium panels were installed to hide unsightly walls in the Saltash Tunnel, one of the main road links into Cornwall from Devon.
		The agency said the latest bulges were a visual effect caused by light reflecting off surfaces.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/england/cornwall/3661019.stm (357 words)

	Demo effects - Graphic effects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		All these effects are programmed using C++ and Intel assembly in the pure spirit of demomaking.
		Coding graphic effects on various platforms like computers or next-gen consoles (Xbox, PS2 or Game Cube), normaly means using DirectX 8.1/9 or OpenGL to profit of the hardware acceleration, and have the ability to easily and quickly code all effects without directly using mathematic formulas.
		This effect is one of the oldest graphic effects used by demo makers.
	www.buginthemachine.com /eProggra.php (695 words)

	City of Brentwood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		A tunnel effect can be very attractive and helps to unify a street.
		The corridor effect does not usually cast as much shade on the street as the canopy effect does.
		The corridor effect is generally created with a narrow tree form and single tree species.
	www.ci.brentwood.ca.us /department/parks/urban_trees/street_tree_shape_and_form.cfm (226 words)

	Effect of tunnel configuration and testing technique on cascade performance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Effect of tunnel configuration and testing technique on cascade performance
		An investigation has been conducted to determine the influence of aspect ratio, boundary-layer control by means of slots and porous surfaces, Reynolds number, and tunnel end-wall condition upon the performance of airfoils in cascades.
		A representative compressor-blade section (the NACA 65-(12)(10) of aspect ratios of 1, 2, and 4 has been tested at low speeds in cascades with solid and with porous side walls.
	naca.larc.nasa.gov /reports/1951/naca-report-1016 (180 words)

	Ascend Tunnel Management Protocol
		If the tunnel is successfully established, the Home Agent forwards or routes tunneled data to the home network.
		The Retry-Timeout and Retry-Limit parameters in the ATMP profile work together to limit how many tunnel RegisterRequest messages (to open a tunnel) and DeregisterRequest messages (to close a tunnel) are sent and the number of seconds between each message.
		Tunnels that existed before the timer was set are not affected by it.
	www.jjm.cbx.ru /Ascend/MaxTNT/netcfg/tntatmp.htm (6746 words)

	Simulation of the Piezo-Tunnel Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		We present a new model of the piezo-tunnel effect in a heavily doped silicon p-n junction.
		For any direction of stress and current flow, our model allows the calcuation of the current density as a function of the stress level, the bias voltage, the temperature and the doping concentrations at both sides of the junction.
		The simulated tunneling current I, gauge factor K and temperature coefficients of carrent alpha and of gauge factor Beta are in fair agreeement with the experimental data measured on our integrated piezo-tunneling strain sensors.
	www.comppub.com /procs/MSM99/12/W22.04 (197 words)

	A SKEPTIC'S NEAR-DEATH EXPERIENCE -- NOT SO MYSTICAL
		Lansberry, a confirmed skeptic in such matters, has always maintained that the customary interpretations of NDEs are so much "tomfoolery." When she entered that famous NDE tunnel herself, she saw it close down around her as her heart stopped.
		Then, as the doctor brought her back, the tunnel opened up again and she saw a light at the tunnel's end, but it turned out to be only the light of the operating room.
		She attributes the experience to the failure of neurotransmitters in the outer portion of her brain failing to fire, in effect creating a collapsing tunnel in her mind.
	www.science-frontiers.com /sf095/sf095m99.htm (243 words)

	YakYak :: View topic - Tunnel Effects - s'ok - found what i needed now
		Pretty much as in the topic, I'm looking to implement an "infinite tunnel" type effect (for want of a better example off the top of my head - like in Bejewelled 2 when it warps between screens) and to be absolutely brutally honest - haven't got the foggiest on where to start with it.
		You're not actually moving anywhere, neither is the tunnel.
		Since running through this little tutorial I checked out a b3d one from Blitzbasic.com which was done using two spheres and sounds like it was achieved in a similar manner to the one you describe.
	www.yakyak.org /viewtopic.php?p=557772 (598 words)

	CCSD thèses-EN-ligne: Transport tunnel polarisé en spin dans dans le système épitaxié Fe/MgO/Fe : Interactions ...
		Monocrystalline Fe(100)/MgO(100)/Fe(100) magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ), elaborated by Molecular Beam Epitaxy constitute ideal systems for validation of specific concepts related to the spin polarized transport in crystalline multilayers.
		The analysis of the band structure shows that the Fe(100) behaves as a half-metal with respect to the D1 electronic symmetry; this new concept of spin polarization/filtering in terms of symmetry being at the origin of huge magnetoresistive effects theoretically predicted in these systems.
		Moreover, they illustrate the influence of the electronic structure on tunnel transport, whose complex mechanisms go well beyond the free-electron framework.
	tel.ccsd.cnrs.fr /documents/archives0/00/00/75/98/index.html (360 words)

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