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	Tunnelling shields - Patent 3955373
		The invention relates to tunnelling shields of the type having a plurality of axially extending rams fixed therein for thrusting against a tunnel lining erected behind or within the rear portion of the shield.
		Referring to the drawings, the shield is generally cylindrical having a forward portion 10, a central portion 11, and a rear portion 12 in which the tunnel lining 13 is erected section by section as excavation proceeds.
		The tunnelling lining 13 is erected in the rear portion of the shield and the shield is driven forward successively by actuation of the rams to thrust the ring 19 against the lining.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /3955373.html (1054 words)

	Tunnelling shields - Patent 3969906
		Tunnelling shields for erecting spirally wound tunnel linings are known in which one or more turns of the spiral are erected in the rearward end of the shield and the shield is advanced by rams pushing on the end of the erected lining.
		Furthermore on withdrawing the shield from around the lining a void is left which must be filled with grout or the wall of the tunnel could collapse against the lining and exert a nonuniform pressure on the lining which could cause the lining to collapse at that location.
		Rotation of the tail with respect to the shield is effected by a hydraulic ram 18 mounted on the inner surface of the portion 17 of the tail to act circumferentially against a previously erected segment.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /3969906.html (1580 words)

	The Pipe Jacking Association
		Construction tolerances are comparable with other tunnelling methods, and the pipe jacking method generally requires less overbreak than segmental tunnels and provides ground support and reduces potential ground movement.
		The number of jacks used may vary because of the pipe size, the strength of the jacking pipes, the length to be installed and the anticipated frictional resistance.
		To maintain accuracy of alignment during pipe jacking, it is necessary to use a steerable shield, which must be frequently checked for line and level from a fixed reference.
	www.pipejacking.org /about.html (654 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		A tunnelling shield is a protective structure used in the excavation of tunnels through soil that is too soft or fluid to remain stable during the time it takes to line the tunnel with a support structure of concrete, cast iron or steel.
		The shield was built by Maudslay, Sons & Field, of Lambeth, London, who also built the steam pumps for de-watering the tunnel.
		Behind the shield, inside the finished part of the tunnel, several support mechanisms which are part of the TBM can be found: dirt removal, slurry pipelines if applicable, control rooms, rails for transport of the precast segments, etc.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=tunnelling_shield (612 words)

	tunneljournalists.com - Editorial Resources for the World's Tunnelling Industry
		He has been responsible for a number of major projects in the UK and overseas and was appointed as Chairman of Tunnel Construction and Piling '99 and Underground Engineering 2001 Conferences and exhibitions in London.
		His career began in mining in Cornwall and the Zambian Copperbelt where he was involved in the design and construction of large underground stopes, haulages, shafts and chambers.
		Dave Hindle has extensive experience in the investigation, design and implementation of large diameter hard rock and soft ground tunnelling and shaftsinking utilising drill and blast excavation, road headers, shields and TBM and the use of NATM for highways, railways, metros, canals, water/sewerage schemes and mines.
	www.tunneljournalists.com /dhindle.htm (347 words)

	Service_Tunnelling 04 - Tunnelling Methodology
		Golder Associates has extensive experience in assisting owners and contractors select the most appropriate tunnelling method for their project.
		Tunnels can only be advanced with the permission of the ground.
		Golder Associates' 40 years of experience in ground engineering provides us with the level of understanding to guide our clients in selecting the method that is most compatible with their tunnel and the ground through which it will be advanced.
	www.golder.com /default.asp?PID=238&LID=1 (153 words)

	Innovation and the Rise of the Tunnelling Industry - Cambridge University Press
		This book studies the historical development of the tunnelling industry, with emphasis on the technical innovations on which advances in that industry have depended.
		In addition, the emergence of a highly innovative tunnelling industry in Japan is discussed; a parallel being drawn between this development and that in nineteenth century Britain.
		From these considerations, the conditions that have allowed technical innovation to flourish in the tunnelling industry are identified, leading to a more general discussion of the nature of technical innovation in this industry and beyond.
	www.cambridge.org /uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521673358 (148 words)

	Tunnelling shield Information
		A tunnelling shield is a protective structure used in the excavation of tunnels through soil that is too soft or fluid to remain stable during the time it takes to line the tunnel with a support structure of concrete or steel.
		The shield was built by Maudslay, Sons and Field, of Lambeth, London, who also built the steam pumps for de-watering the tunnel.
		In early shield tunneling, the shield functioned as a way to protect manual labourers who performed the digging, and moved the shield forward, progressively replacing it with pre-built sections of tunnel wall.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Tunnelling_shield (594 words)

	Tunnel - LoveToKnow 1911
		Tunnelling on a large scale was also carried on at the rock temples of Nubia and of India, and the architectural features of the entrances to some of these temples might be studied with advantage by the designers of modern tunnel fronts.
		His shield foreshadowed the modern shield, which is substituted for the ordinary timber work of the tunnel, holds up the earth of excavation, affords space within its shelter for building the permanent walls, overlaps these walls in telescope fashion, and is moved forward by pushing against their front ends.
		This tunnel is one of fiftytwo single-line tunnels, with a gradient of I in 40, on the main line between Florence and Bologna, built by Thomas Brassey.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Tunnel (7989 words)

	Tunnelling shield at AllExperts
		A tunnelling shield is a protective structure used in the excavation of tunnels through soil that is too soft or fluid to remain stable during the time it takes to line the tunnel with a support structure of concrete or steel.
		The first successful tunnelling shield was developed by Sir Marc Isambard Brunel to excavate the Thames Tunnel beginning in 1825 (though the tunnel would not be opened until 1843).
		In early shield tunneling, the shield functioned as a way to protect manual labourers who performed the digging, and moved the shield forward, progressively replacing it with pre-built sections of tunnel wall.
	en.allexperts.com /e/t/tu/tunnelling_shield.htm (660 words)

	2 - The elbe Road Tunnels in Hamburg - Three generations of tunnelling
		The tunnel features two large lift shafts of 22 m internal diameter, built by the caisson foundation method, plus two practically horizontal and parallel arranged tubes of 5.92 external diameter, with 8.0 m distance between axes and a length of 449 m each, that were shield-driven under compressed air.
		Shield driving in this type of soil had to be performed with compressed air throughout the length of the excavation, and the air pressure was maintained in the complete tunnel tubes as well.
		Eight tunnels elements, each one of 132 m long, 42 m wide and 8.4 m high, required for the 1,057m long trench were prefabricated in a building dock situated close to the tunnel axis on the south bank.
	www.ita-aites.org /cms/395.html (1632 words)

	Tunnelling shield
		A tunnelling shield is a protective structure used in the excavation of tunnels through soil that is too soft or fluid to remain stable during the time it takes to line the tunnel with a support structure of concrete or steel.
		In effect, the shield serves as a temporary support structure for the tunnel while it is being excavated.
		The first succesful tunnelling shield was developed by Sir Marc Isambard Brunel to excavate the Thames foot tunnel beginning in 1825 (though the tunnel would not be opened until 1843).
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/t/tu/tunnelling_shield.html (536 words)

	Tunnelling shields
		The invention relates to tunnelling shields of the type having a plurality of axially extending rams fixed therein for thrusting against a tunnel lining erected behind or within the rear portion of the shield.
		Referring to the drawings, the shield is generally cylindrical having a forward portion 10, a central portion 11, and a rear portion 12 in which the tunnel lining 13 is erected section by section as excavation proceeds.
		The tunnelling lining 13 is erected in the rear portion of the shield and the shield is driven forward successively by actuation of the rams to thrust the ring 19 against the lining.
	www.skk-banjaluckapivara.com /invent/boat_shade/tunnelling_shields.html (952 words)

	Railways Under London
		This accuracy may be emphasised by the fact that the shields, for adjoining sections of the tunnel are erected in the earth in some instances nearly a mile apart and driven forward to meet one another.
		If the tunnel is being constructed beneath a river, the pressure is altered with the ebb and flow of the tide, which cause variations in the force of the water threatening the workings.
		When the engineer desires to check the level of the shield he has hangers bolted to the roof of the tunnel on which a movable pin is set to be on a precise level parallel with the gradient.
	mikes.railhistory.railfan.net /r077.html (6683 words)

	Tunnel shield (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Known in the prior art are shields for driving tunnels whose knife portions are equipped with horizontal and vertical partition knives for cutting rock and maintaining the face in a stable condition.
		An object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel shield that would ensure a possibility of self-adjusting the position of the platform when dumping the broken rock depending on the volume of the latter under various conditions of tunnelling in loose and insecure rock.
		Therefore, when the shield is in operation, the mode of tunnelling is constantly controlled without the participation of the operator when the physico-mechanical properties of the rock vary, by means of maintaining optimal volumes of rock piles on the horizontal partition knives 5 and the platforms 7, i.e.
	www.sacnewsmonthly.com /invent/dyestuffs/tunnel_shield.html (2213 words)

	nodig-construction.com ::: Trenchless new installation
		The tunnelling systems are adapted to each project's geological and hydrological conditions: soft or mixed ground, hard rock, dry or water-bearing ground.
		The 'small high-tech tunnel boring machines' construct water and supply tunnels and install gas as well as oil pipelines with diameters of up to 4.20 m.
		In Kuala Lumpur, a multi-functional tunnel is going to be constructed (Ø 13.21m) which is supposed to relieve inner-city traffic and which can be transformed into a stormwater tunnel in times of monsoon rain.
	www.nodig-construction.com /index.cfm?menuID=56&cmid=33&object_ID=9 (857 words)

	Tunnelling shield
		The first successful tunnelling shield was developed by Sir Marc Isambard Brunel to excavate the Thames Tunnel beginning in 1825 (though the tunnel would not be opened until 1843).
		In early shield tunneling, the shield functioned as a way to protect manual labourers who performed the digging, and moved the shield forward, progressively replacing it with pre-built sections of tunnel wall.
		The early deep tunnels for the London Underground were built in this way.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/t/tu/tunnelling_shield.html (572 words)

	London Underground - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Advances in electric traction later allowed tunnels to be placed deeper underground than the original cut-and-cover method, especially as deep-level tunnel design (including the use of tunnelling shields) improved.
		These tunnels can have a diameter as small as 3.56 m (11 ft 8.25 in) and the loading gauge is thus considerably smaller than on the sub-surface lines, though standard gauge track is used.
		Civil works for the two tunnels, the vent shaft, one escape shaft and the structure of T5 station have been completed and track work is now being installed.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/l/o/n/London_Underground_1afc.html (5728 words)

	Rotherhithe Tunnel at AllExperts
		The Rotherhithe Tunnel is a road tunnel crossing beneath the River Thames in East London.
		The entrance arches standing at the entrances of the tunnel are in fact the cutting edges of the original tunnelling shields used by Fitzmaurice.
		The tunnel was originally designed to serve foot and horse-drawn traffic passing between the docks on either side of the river.
	en.allexperts.com /e/r/ro/rotherhithe_tunnel.htm (523 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Advances in electric traction allowed later tunnels to be deeper underground than the original cut-and-cover method allowed, and deep-level tunnel design improved, including the use of tunnelling shields.
		These tunnels can have a diameter as small as 3.56 m (11 ft 8.25 in) and the loading gauge is thus considerably smaller than on the sub-surface lines.
		Waste heat disperses better in the sub-surface tunnels and the new S Stock trains due to be delivered from 2009 will have air-conditioning.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Tube_station (5593 words)

	Definition of Rotherhithe Tunnel
		The tunnel connects Limehouse in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets north of the river to Rotherhithe in the London Borough of Southwark south of the river.
		The tunnel was opened in 1908 by George Prince of Wales, and Richard Robinson Chairman of the London County Council.
		It should not be confused with the earlier and much more historic Thames Tunnel, designed and built under the supervision of Marc Isambard Brunel and his son Isambard Kingdom Brunel, and now carrying the East London Line of the London Underground.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Rotherhithe_Tunnel (341 words)

	[No title]
		Press `e' to engage the shields now; the `s' key now toggles between shields which are currently in inventory, as it should always have done...
		The display for currently selected shields is a bit cryptic, but it will help to know that shields are classified by their power, with a suffix indicating type: M for magnetic, F for force, and S for standard shields.
		Currently the tunnelling is working reasonably well (landfall is postponed until the weapon actually detonates) but there is some strange rebound going on when the weapon first impacts with land...
	www.xscorch.org /releases/ChangeLog-0.1.16 (5262 words)

	tunneltrade - The one-stop source for the tunneling industry
		By the end of 2007, the tunnels should be completed; in 2010, the first trains should drive.
		Due to the assembly of the shields and their trailers with the complete technology required, the "Bonner Straße" will probably be completely blocked twice for several days (for the first time at the weekend March 10 - 12).
		For the actual boring, the so-called shield tunnelling, 162 employees will be operating in three shifts day and night; each machine with eight men.
	www.tunneltrade.com /eng_3_newse_1031_index.htm (592 words)

	Seals for tunnelling shields
		A tail seal for a tunnelling shield, particularly for use in the bentonite process, in which a seal is formed of short brush-like material mounted on a flexible support and resiliently urged by a body of closed cell expanded material, such as neoprene.
		In using such a machine, with a high pressure at the working face, it is necessary to have a seal at the tail of the tunnelling shield to prevent leakage round the outside of the shield and into the rear thereof.
		For the particular application for which this seal is designed, the tunnel lining is not exactly co-axial with the tunnelling machine, so that the sealing is not required on a circle, but is in fact slightly flattened at the top.
	www.patentopedia.us /motor-vehicle_seat_headrest/seals_tunnelling_shields.html (1855 words)

	Mining Technology - Schaeff Terex ITC - Tunnel Heading / Loading Machines, Tunnel Excavators, Roadheaders, Transverse ...
		The ITC type machines are used in most conventional tunnelling tasks: Excavating and heading in soft to medium-hard ground conditions as well as loading of blasted rock, using modular type of attachments to suit the ground conditions and cross-section size.
		They are powered by diesel for transport to the tunnel face then using the zero-emission electric motor for working.
		The compact 28t tunnelling excavator model TE 210 with its 360° swing range is especially suited for small and medium sized cross sections and can be ordered with either a powerful diesel or a electric drive.
	www.mining-technology.com /contractors/tunnelling/karl/index.html (668 words)

	Lovat Inc. - HOME
		LOVAT specializes in shielded rock, mixed face, soft ground, earth pressure balanced (EPB) and slurry TBMs, and open-faced tunnel shields ranging from 0.75 metres 15 metres in diameter.
		LOVAT Tunnel Boring Machines are highly versatile and built to the most rigorous safety and quality standards.
		Additionally, LOVAT is the only tunnelling equipment manufacturer who fully designs, manufactures, assembles and tests the entire TBM under one roof.
	www.lovat.com (128 words)

	Herrenknecht AG - Process Technology Shields with Partial Face Extraction (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Herrenknecht shields with partial face extraction achieve considerable tunnelling performance in widely varying geological conditions.
		The special flexibility of the Herrenknecht shields with partial face extraction becomes apparent in the ability to rapidly change the extraction technique.
		Both of the classical types of support (lining segment support and pipe jacking) can be carried out during tunnelling with the Herrenknecht partial face extraction shield.
	www.herrenknecht.de /en/3_tunnelvortrieb/html/325_excavator.html (313 words)

	Herrenknecht AG - aktuelle Meldung (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This Herrenknecht tunnelling shield, with a total length of 125m and a total weight of 2300t, has been specially designed and developed for this project over the past 13 months.
		The second tunnel, with a distance between centrelines of 23m, will be driven with the Herrenknecht S-318 Mixshield which is scheduled to begin tunnelling beneath this huge river on 8 December 2006.
		The first Herrenknecht tunnelling shield is expected to arrive at the target shaft on the river island of Changxing at the end of 2008.
	www.herrenknecht.com /en/4_news/html/4_presse_nachricht.php3?presse_id=67 (851 words)

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