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Tunnel Encyclopedia @ GreatArtworks.com (Great Artworks)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) A tunnel may be for pedestrians or cyclists, for general road traffic, for motor vehicles only, for rail traffic, or for a canal. The Seikan Tunnel in Japan is the longest rail tunnel in the world at 53.9 km (33.4 miles), of which 23.3 km (14.5 miles) is under the sea. The Channel Tunnel between France and England under the English Channel is the second-longest, with a total length of 50 km (31 miles), of which 39 km (24 miles) is under the sea. www.greatartworks.com /encyclopedia/Tunnel   (1319 words)

Tunnels - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Tunnels Large-section tunnels are often driven in two stages; a pilot heading is excavated in advance which is afterwards enlarged to the full section of the main tunnel. The various shots in the tunnel face, constituting the complete round, explode either instantaneously or with a time lag of 2, 3, or 4 seconds according to their position in the rock face. Bentonite slurry under pressure is being used to drive sewer tunnels in Hamburg, West Germany, and Warrington, Cheshire; this new development ensures the stability of the ground about to be excavated, and provides lubrication to help with pushing the tunnelling mole forwards. encyclopedia.farlex.com /Tunnels   (1029 words)

NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Tunnel Tunnels are dug in various types of materials, from soft clays to hard rocks, and the method of excavation heavily depends on the ground conditions. A tunnelling shield is a protective structure used in the excavation of tunnels through soil that is too soft or fluid to remain stable during the time it takes to line the tunnel with a support structure of concrete or steel. The Lincoln Tunnel between New Jersey and New York is one of the busiest vehicular tunnels in the world, at 120.000 vehicles/day. www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Tunnel   (4950 words)

NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Tunnels in New Zealand There are two short twin road tunnels on SH 1, on the coast a few kilometres south of Kaikoura. According to Maori legend, the rock promontory which this tunnel pierces is the remains of the Tainui Waka. There are short (less than 50 m) tunnels on SH 3 between New Plymouth and Te Kuiti - one at the summit of Mt Messenger and a single-lane one in the Awakino gorge. www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Tunnels_in_New_Zealand   (2761 words)

Iceland, Alcoa and Nature - ReliableAnswers.com Iceland is an unusual country, with thousands of acres of glaciers, dark sands and lava, covering nearly 12 percent of the entire landmass. Iceland is a major exporter of fish and various other seafood, plant run-off and toxic polutants will negatively impact the food supplies around the world. Fully 22.5% of Iceland's population are children under the age of 15, a significant portion of the population. reliableanswers.com /med/iceland.asp   (1653 words)

Eco-Political Madness in Iceland as Alcoa licensed to Destroy Environmentalists in Iceland and abroad have looked on in disbelief as the project has proceeded, sidestepping one obstacle after another, driven by a government seemingly determined to push it through, whatever the cost to nature or the economy. Iceland's neighbours are not impressed: lamenting its "democracy deficit", the Swedish Gothenburg Post recently described Iceland as "a pariah among Nordic nations" for its disastrous environmental policy, which it called "war against the land". Icelanders, he says, are political fashion victims, heavily under the spell of the US and oblivious to criticism from activists at home. www.minesandcommunities.org /Action/press224.htm   (3692 words)

Saving Iceland |   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Icelandic environmentalists are prepared for a battle that is certain to go on for many years. The reason for the presence in Iceland in the summer of 2005 of a large group of protesters from the international community should be obvious in the light of globalisation. An official inquiry into the conduct of the Icelandic authorities and police during the protests in the summer and autumn of 2005 is underway. www.savingiceland.org   (4559 words)

Damned Nation: Costing over $1 billion, the Karahnjukar hydroelectric dam in Iceland is a hugely controversial project. ... Much of Iceland's interior is heavily desertified—a legacy of centuries of overgrazing, thin volcanic soils, low temperatures and strong winds—and there appeared to be little vegetation to speak of across much of the proposed reservoir area. The tunnel floor was covered with running water and a layer of brown mud, and the air was thick with diesel smoke from the bulldozers and trucks working inside—despite a huge ventilation pipe running the length of the ceiling. This is bad news for the greylag geese, which use the estuary as a moulting ground, as well as for harbour seals—the population of which is already in steep decline and may crash further once the main dam is built. www.mindfully.org /Water/2004/Karahnjukar-Hydroelectric-Dam1jan04.htm   (2596 words)

North Iceland cycle tour 2002 Iceland's small ecomomy is very sensitive to various changes and the effects show earlier and clearer than in larger economies. Bought some Icelandic Skýr med rjómablandi (a kind of youghurt with cream and milk) and Seytt rúgbraud (boiled rye bread, very dark, boiled in this case is meaning heated at 100 - 120 degrees celsius for 12-20 hours, the original method involved a hot spring). I have experienced 31 degrees C (88 degrees F) and sandstorm on north Iceland (July 1975), two four week holidays almost not using the rainwear (1980 and 1984), and stayed 30 hours in the tent in the highlands north of Vatnajökull due to heavy snowfall (July 1977). www.trentobike.org /Countries/Iceland/Tour_Reports/North   (6085 words)

tunnelintelligence.com - Prequalifiers   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Vegagerdin, the Icelandic road administration, published in October 2005 a call for expressions of interest for the Héðinsfjarðargöng project, which consists of the construction of two 8.6 m-wide road tunnels in Northern Iceland between Siglufjörður and Ólafsfjörður. Both tunnels are almost entirely situated within the same geological formations, a lava pile built up of olivine basalt layers with thin interbeds. The design of the tunnels as well as the contract documents are based on and refer to the conventional drill-and-blast method. www.tunnelintelligence.com /prequalifiers.htm   (509 words)

Iceland Iceland is a large island (about 500 km from east to west, 103.000 km2) with a small population (approaching 200.000.) Large parts of Iceland are more or less uninhabitable, and certainly uninhabited - dissected upland mountain areas, ice caps, recent lava flows, glacial sands and stony deserts. Iceland spar (calcite) for optical instruments was 'mined' ay Helgustadir in Reydarfljördur, eastern Iceland, although the underground working appears to have been little beyond minor undermining at the bottom of a large open pit. Several further ambitious road tunnel schemes are currently under development like the one under the fjord Hvalfjördur, to shorten the main trunk road to the north. www.xs4all.nl /~jorbons/souterrains/art/icelungr.html   (512 words)

NTNU - Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) As basis for the diploma, comprehensive field and tunnel mapping were carried out during the summer months and at the initial stage of the diploma work. Potential use of the tunnel muck as well as additional use of the tunnel for public shelter, water pipes etc. are also discussed. For the underground powerhouse and the 12 km of tunnels at the Khimti Hydropower Project, several adits and access tunnels are excavated. folk.ntnu.no /bnilsen/Diplomer94_04.html   (4420 words)

WWF - NGOs call on banks not to fund large dam and smelter project in Iceland Icelandic highlands threatened by the dam and aluminum smelter project. Iceland’s National Power Company and the Alcoa Corporation are expected to sign the project’s power contract on 15 March. Three Icelandic citizens and INCA sued the Minister for Environment for overturning the negative decision on the project’s Environmental Impact Assessment. www.panda.org /news_facts/newsroom/news/index.cfm?uNewsID=6481   (1380 words)

Iceland - Economy Iceland's Scandinavian-type economy is basically capitalistic, yet with an extensive welfare system (including generous housing subsidies), low unemployment, and remarkably even distribution of income. The government remains opposed to EU membership, primarily because of Icelanders' concern about losing control over their fishing resources. Iceland's economy has been diversifying into manufacturing and service industries in the last decade, and new developments in software production, biotechnology, and financial services are taking place. www.exxun.com /Iceland/e_ec.html   (549 words)

List of tunnels by location - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Westgate Tunnel (Melbourne, a proposed tunnel to reduce congestion on the Westgate Bridge) Ahmed Hamdy Tunnel, under the Suez Canal north of Ismailia. The total length of the tunnels is over 750 km. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_tunnels   (514 words)

TRn: Toll tunnels in Faroes Islands   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) The 4.9km (3mi) long Vagartunnilin or Vagar Tunnel now allows travelers to move efficiently by car between the island grouping's international airport on the island of Eysturoy and Streymoy the most populated island which houses the capital city Torshavn. The first tunnel on the Faroes was a 2.5km tube between Oyrarbakki and Skalabotnur opening in 1976. When the Leirvík Fjord tunnel opens all the northern islands, importantly Klaksvík the second city will be connected to the central region. www.tollroadsnews.com /cgi-bin/a.cgi/LikixiE4EdiRW6r2jfFwDw   (1270 words)

Kárahnjúkar - Project Overview More than half a century has passed since the idea of harnessing the power of some of east Iceland’s great glacial rivers was first raised, and it is now almost three decades since proposals were first made for the introduction of power-intensive industry to the region. From the Hálslón reservoir, the water runs through a tunnel under the Fljótsdalsheiði moor to a junction with another tunnel running from the Ufsarlón pond, and from there is carried north-east through a combined headrace tunnel to an intake at the Valþjófsstaðafjall escarpment. The total length of the headrace tunnels is 53 km, and they vary in average depth from 100-200 metres. www.karahnjukar.is /EN/article.asp?catID=371&ArtId=822   (1000 words)

[No title] WWF has vowed to continue to press for a national park in eastern Iceland instead of the combined smelter and hydro project, which will be the largest ever infrastructure development in Iceland. WWF criticised the Icelandic government for ignoring strong support for a national park in the Eastern Highlands. The national park that the alliance is proposing in the Eastern Highlands would be bordered by the Vatnajökull glacier in the south, the Vonaskard canyon in the west, the Lonsoderaefi highland plains to the east, and the National Lands boundary to the north. www.minesandcommunities.org /Company/alcoa1.htm   (577 words)

Tunnels in Iceland: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) There are currently six tunnels tunnel quick summary: Tunnels in Iceland are usually built under mountains Mountain quick summary: The main tunnel will be built out of two smaller tunnels, EHandler: no quick summary. www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/tu/tunnels_in_iceland.htm   (309 words)

NZGeoAnswers, volcanoes: Geology Department, University of Otago, New Zealand Surface rocks in NZ go back at least to the Cambrian (500 Ma) whereas in Iceland, all the rocks are basalts related to the spreading of the N Atlantic ocean. Iceland rocks are younger since prior to the split, Iceland didn't exist. Iceland has formed above a mantle plume that no doubt was partly responsible for powering the break up of the N Atlantic continents and so dates from around that time. www.otago.ac.nz /geology/askus/previous-volc.htm   (4489 words)

Transport in Iceland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Organized road building began about 1900 and has greatly expanded since 1980. In addition, airlines schedule flights from Iceland to Europe and North America. A Boeing 757-200 of Icelandair, the main airline of Iceland en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transportation_in_Iceland   (138 words)

The Nature Killers | Saving Iceland   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Promotes investment in Iceland, and seem to be one of the quasi-governmental agencies that has been pushing for the hydro dam. i was on this part of iceland too in summer and in wintertime and it is such a wild and untouched nature there just wounderful-for me it is the most beautiful place on earth-i am even thinking on moving there if i find a job.. Then, according to your attitude, 99% of Iceland (which has no forests at all) must be VERY ugly and should preferably, like Kárahnjúkar, be drowned to fuel the aluminium factories of the military industrial complex. savingiceland.org /node/25?PHPSESSID=3ffe46b114e037b20f2fd4cfe45717f1   (3242 words)

CorpWatch : Stop Alcoa From Destroying Iceland's Wilderness! The Icelandic government plans to construct a large hydropower project in Iceland's Eastern Highlands, one of Europe's largest remaining wilderness areas, in order to supply power to a US aluminum smelter owned by Alcoa. Iceland's equivalent of America's Grand Canyon, Dimmugljufur, or Dark Canyon, is a deep cleft carved out by the region's most powerful glacial river, the Jokulsa a Bru. The Icelandic government plans to sign the agreements for the project to go ahead before the national elections of May 2003. www.corpwatch.org /article.php?id=5828   (945 words)

Transportation in Iceland   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Petri Sakari and the Iceland Symphony Orchestra combine forces here for an inspiring performance of two of Sibelius' more upbeat symphonies, the First and the Third. The seldom-played First Symphony, in E minor, written in 1898, is kind of a loner among S... The Icelandic Symphony Orchestra under Petri Sakari has made many excellent recordings, this being one of them. www.freeglossary.com /Iceland/Transportation   (421 words)

Alcoa, Iceland Ink Agreement for $3B Hydropower Project - Site Selection Online Insider REYKJAVIK, Iceland – Alcoa (www.alcoa.com) and Iceland (www.invest.is) are moving forward on a US$3-billion project that's generating a fierce and familiar clash: job-generating economic development vs. environmentalism. Alcoa, the Icelandic government and the national power company this summer signed a memorandum of agreement in Reykjavik to cooperate on the multi-pronged Karahnjukar venture, which would include a low-emission aluminum smelter, a hydropower plant, eight dams, a harbor facility and various infrastructure improvements. In contrast, 70 percent of Iceland's parliament approved the venture, and 53 percent of Icelanders favored the project in the most recent Gallup national poll. www.siteselection.com /ssinsider/snapshot/sf020916.htm   (1475 words)

List of tunnels   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) The "list of tunnels" includes any road tunnel, railway tunnel or waterway tunnel anywhere in the world. * Westgate Tunnel (Melbourne, a proposed tunnel to reduce congestion on the Westgate Bridge) * Ahmed Hamdy Tunnel, under the Suez Canal north of Ismailia. www.paloweb.com /wikipedia.asp?l=en&pages=List+of+tunnels   (525 words)

Roadsurface and tunnels   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) A more accurate map will you find at the site of the Icelandic Road Administration. Tunnel at 600 m height between Eskifjördur and Neskaupstadir. A new tunnel (opened September 2005) between Fáskrúdfjördur and Reydarfjördur. home.wanadoo.nl /erens/iceroadsurface.htm   (77 words)

Denmark Various other tunnel projects are being studied, among which is a new metro circle line which is likely to be decided upon during 2005. The main elements are a 4 km long immersed tunnel, an artificial island and an 8 km long bridge. The project includes 8 km of twin tunnels with an internal diameter of 4.9 m. www.ita-aites.org /cms/199.html   (459 words)

Travel Video Television News The line between Lyon in southeast France and Turin in northwest Italy includes a 53 kilometer (34 mile) section of tunnel under the mountains. The tunnels must be bored before the main work on building the high-speed line can start. Engineers will be using many of the techniques developed in the cutting of the Channel Tunnel between England and France, but the Alpine terrain and geology present new and complex challenges. travelvideo.tv /news/more.php?id=7058_0_1_0_M   (458 words)

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