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	Tunnels underneath the River Thames - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are many tunnels under the River Thames in and near London, which thanks largely to its underlying bed of clay, is one of the most tunnelled cities in the world.
		A further twin tunnel is due to be built for the Docklands Light Railway extension to Woolwich Arsenal: construction of the extension began in June 2005, with an anticipated completion date in early 2009.
		The width of the river downstream meant that tunnels were the only options for crossings before improvements in technology allowed the construction of high bridges such as the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge at Dartford.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tunnels_underneath_the_River_Thames (737 words)

	Tunnels underneath the River Thames - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Tunnels underneath the River Thames (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There are many tunnels underneath the River Thames in and near London, one of the most tunnelled cities in the world.
		Twin tunnels for high-speed trains have been constructed between Ebbsfleet in Kent and Stratford in Newham as part of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link.
		A further twin tunnel is due to be built for the proposed Docklands Light Railway extension to Woolwich, with an anticipated completion date in 2008.
	encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Tunnels-underneath-the-River-Thames.html (802 words)

	Knowledge King - Blackwall Tunnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The tunnel crossing is a key link between north and south sides of the river and forms part of a key route into central London from south-east London and Kent.
		The older western tunnel, designed by Sir Alexander Binnie and built by S Pearson & Sons for the London City Council at a cost of £1.4 million, was opened by the Prince of Wales on 22 May 1897 and was then the longest underwater tunnel in the world (4,410 feet long).
		The tunnel is a notorious traffic bottleneck, with long tailbacks in the morning rush-hour on weekdays as traffic heads north from SE London and Kent towards central London.
	www.knowledgeking.net /encyclopedia/b/bl/blackwall_tunnel.html (516 words)

	Rotherhithe Tunnel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It connects Limehouse in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets north of the river to Rotherhithe in the London Borough of Southwark south of the river.
		It should not be confused with the nearby but earlier and much more historic Thames Tunnel, designed and built under the supervision of Marc Isambard Brunel and his son Isambard Kingdom Brunel, which is now used by the East London Line of the London Underground.
		The tunnel was originally designed to serve foot and horse-drawn traffic passing between the docks on either side of the river.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rotherhithe_Tunnel (448 words)

	Tunnels underneath the River Thames (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A tunnel for high-speed trains is under construction between Ebbsfleet in Kent and Stratford in Newham as part of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link.
		A further tunnel is due to be built for the proposed Docklands Light Railway extension to Woolwich, with an anticipated completion date in 2008.
		If the Crossrail project goes ahead, yet another tunnel will be built around 2010 between North Woolwich and Woolwich to carry trains from north Kent to the Isle of Dogs and central London.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/tunnels_underneath_the_river_thames (688 words)

	Encyclopedia: Tower-Subway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Tower Subway is a tunnel beneath the River Thames in central London, close - as the name suggests - to the Tower of London.
		A tunnelling shield is a protective structure used in the excavation of tunnels through soil that is too soft or fluid to remain stable during the time it takes to line the tunnel with a support structure of concrete or steel.
		The equivalent entrance on the south bank of the Thames was reportedly demolished in the 1990s.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Tower_Subway (1614 words)

	List of tunnels in the United Kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tunnels in the United Kingdom is a link page for any road, railway, waterway or other form of tunnel, anywhere in the United Kingdom.
		Saltash Tunnel connecting the Tamar Bridge and the A38.
		The London Underground includes 171 km of tunnels, with some Northern Line trains running continuously in tunnel for 27.8 km between Morden and East Finchley via Bank.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_tunnels_in_the_United_Kingdom (131 words)

	Tunnels of Doom - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Tunnels of Doom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Tunnels of Doom is a computer game programmed by Kevin Kenney in 1982 for the TI99/4A computer system.
		It was a standard dungeon crawl adventure in which a player or number of players controlled the fates of 1-4 characters as they journeyed into the depths of the Tunnels of Doom.
		Tunnels of Doom is consistently listed by TI99/4A fans as one of the top games available for the system.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Tunnels-of-Doom.html (297 words)

	United Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Dartford Tunnel (East), the later of the two tunnels to be constructed, has been leaking small quantities (less than 5 litres/min) of water at a number of different locations which together with one isolated leak of 80 litres/min amounted to a total tunnel watermake of 350 litres/min.
		The tunnel operators, from Dartford River Crossing Ltd, arranged to close the tunnel from 9.00 pm to 5.00 am to permit access through the road deck to the tunnel invert for the SCEM 66\RSD99 grouting team to treat a trial 100m section of the 1400m long tunnel.
		The remaining leaks along the 100m trail section of the tunnel were treated with a total of 22 separate injections.
	www.hbcconstr.com /html/uk_page.htm (1187 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - The Thames River Crossings at Dartford - A667839
		These three river crossings are situated 20 miles east of London, and carry traffic across the Thames on the A282 trunk road that links the London Orbital M25 motorway between Junction 31 in Essex and Junction 1a in Kent.
		Water seeping into the tunnels and rainwater running in from the bridge approaches is dealt with by a pumping system that drains the water, treats it, and then diverts it into the River Thames.
		The tunnels are jet-cleaned weekly during the winter months and at regular intervals throughout the rest of the year.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/alabaster/A667839 (1369 words)

	The Swiftstone Trust,. Past, present, future, on the Thames. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The northbound tunnel, designed by Sir Alexander Binnie, was the first ever road tunnel built under the Thames and was completed in 1897 by means of using a "Greathead" tunnelling shield and compressed air.
		The tunnel was built for the workers in the West India Docks.
		The tunnel's diameter is 11ft and it's length is 1,217ft.
	www.thames.org.uk /pages/guide1.htm (7191 words)

	Warnow Tunnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Warnow Tunnel (also known as the Warnow River Crossing and the Warnowquerung in German) is a 790m long road tunnel which connects the east and west bank of the Warnow river in the Hanseatic city of Rostock, Germany.
		The tunnel was built using a technique known as Immersed Tube Construction: the main part of the tunnel consists of six prefabricated concrete conduits which were formed and poured in a temporary drydock nearby, floated out into the river and lowered into a dredged channel in the river bottom.
		This is a technique apparently pioneered in the Detroit River in construction of the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel in 1930, and replicated for sub-aqueous tunnels ever since.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Tunnels/Warnow-Tunnel.html (164 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Victoria_Embankment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Victoria Embankment, is part of the Thames Embankment, a road and walkway along the north bank of the River Thames in London.
		The project involved building out onto the foreshore of the Thames, thus narrowing the river.
		The tunnels for the District Line were built underneath the Embankment.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Victoria_Embankment (243 words)

	ipedia.com: Tower Subway Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The minimum distance between the top of the tunnel and the river bed is 22ft.
		A small cable car (dubbed an omnibus by the tunnel's operators) carrying twelve people shuttled passengers from end to end through a single bore, 450 yards long and 7 feet in diameter, on a 2ft 6in track.
		The tunnel was badly damaged by enemy bombing during World War II.
	www.ipedia.com /tower_subway.html (736 words)

	Muse: Tunneling Under Water
		But the Thames tunnel would have to be large enough for carriages, and it would pass through sodden ground or even liquid mud.
		So little was known about the ground beneath the river that he would, in effect, be tunneling "blind." And the businessmen running the company that funded the tunnel were almost as treacherous as the river.
		The shaft for the tunnel entrance on the south bank of the Thames was sunk at Rotherhithe in February 1825, and the tunnel began to burrow toward the river in November.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4136/is_200502/ai_n9482995 (1498 words)

	Shakira Underneath Your Clothes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Due to pressures from her record company at the time, Sony, to maintain a flawless record of #1 singles and because they also felt that the song was not good enough to be a single anyway, promotion of the single was prematurely halted.
		A remix (known as The Drifting Remix) was commissioned of the song by The Trackmasters and feature Mariah resinging her vocals slightly over a darker and more urban beat.
		These tunnels are, from east (downstream) to west (upstream): # Dartford Tunnel (twin tunnels constructed in 1963 and 1980).
	www.wwwtln.com /finance/163/shakira-underneath-your-clothes.html (611 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Blackwall Tunnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The older western tunnel, designed by Sir Alexander Binnie and built by S Pearson and Sons for the London County Council at a cost of £1.4 million, was opened by the Prince of Wales on 22 May 1897 and was then the longest underwater tunnel in the world at 4,410 feet (1,344 m) long.
		The newer tunnel, opened on 2 August 1967, is much wider, with fewer height restrictions and no sharp corners — very much designed for 20th century road traffic.
		When the service is not running, the nearest pedestrian crossings of the river are the Woolwich foot tunnel adjacent to the Woolwich Ferry (see above) and the Greenwich foot tunnel about two miles (3 km) to the west.
	fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Blackwall_Tunnel (499 words)

	Tunnels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The St.Gottard tunnel length in miles is 9.3 and the length in km is 15.0.
		The Hoosac Tunnel was the longest Tunnel in North America, from 1873 to 1916.
		In 1823 people were planning to build a tunnel under the Thames River, but no one had time to build a tunnel.
	www.nisd.net /ward/Staff/gt_page/gt_research/amber_4/Tunnels.html (853 words)

	AJ+ from The Architects’ Journal. Architecture news and information. Companies, buildings, design, products, jobs
		The launch truss is supported by concrete support posts at 50 m intervals driven into the river bed near the permanent concrete piled foundations for the new bridge and in line with the existing rail bridge piers.
		As the deck moves across the river, workers sit in scaffolding platforms beneath it to remove the membrane by hand.
		Bridge supports on the north side of the river, which were to have been in the river, are now on the dry bank, attached to an A-frame.
	www.ajplus.co.uk /coninnov/5art01 (1228 words)

	The Environmental Literacy Council - Urban Underground
		Underneath the city streets of most large urban areas is a vast and complex system of pipes and tunnels that support city life.
		In Chicago, old freight tunnels forty feet under the city were flooded in 1992 in an accident that disrupted significant parts of the city.
		Beginning in 1906, freight tunnels built forty feet beneath ground level allowed for various goods to be shipped from place to place by underground rail in Chicago, IL.
	www.enviroliteracy.org /article.php/613.html (1378 words)

	Commentary: Tunnels from Bill Hammack's Engineering & Life Radio Program
		He noticed the tough shell on the end of this worm, used to cut through wood, and that the rest of the worm was a long tube used to dispose of the wood shavings.
		But ultimately the tunnel failed economically and the bankrupt company sold the tunnel to the London railway - it is still used today as part of London's underground system.
		His "human worm" is still used to burrow underneath rivers and lakes - including the tunnels in the Big Dig under Boston Harbor, although I don't think there will be any puppets or conjurers in Boston's new tunnel, just tons of traffic.
	www.engineerguy.com /comm/2572.htm (571 words)

	Tower Subway - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Tower Subway is a tunnel beneath the River Thames in central London, close — as the name suggests — to the Tower of London.
		The tunnel is named a subway not due to the American English definition, equivalent to underground rapid transit, but due to the Commonwealth English usage, describing a tunnel in general.
		The equivalent tunnel entrance on the south bank of the Thames was reportedly demolished in the 1990s.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Tower_Subway (817 words)

	Victoria Embankment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Victoria Embankment, previously the Thames Embankment is a road and walkway along the north bank of the River Thames in London in the cities of Westminster and London.
		It was created in 1870 by Joseph Bazalgette, and was a project of the Metropolitan Board of Works.
		During its construction the tunnels for the District Line were laid underneath the Embankment.
	factsite.co.uk /en/wikipedia/v/vi/victoria_embankment.html (182 words)

	Tunnel breakthroughs on CTRL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Dewatering had been necessary for the construction of the two ventilation shafts in between which the tunnels were to be bored.
		In addition, the alignment of the tunnels was dewatered to assist construction of the eight cross-passages between the two parallel tunnels, avoiding ground freezing as an alternative.
		Meanwhile, the Channel Tunnel Rail Link’s Annie, one of the two Kawasaki TBMs on the longest tunnel drive of its kind in the world, has emerged from the ground on to the King’s Cross Lands north of St Pancras in London.
	www.mjconstruct.com /artman/publish/article_544.asp (981 words)

	London sewerage system -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Three of these sewers were constructed north of the river, the southernmost, low-level one being incorporated into the (Click link for more info and facts about Thames Embankment) Thames Embankment.
		Construction of the interceptory system required 318 million bricks, 880,000 cubic yards (670,000 m²) of (A strong hard building material composed of sand and gravel and cement and water) concrete and (Used as a bond in masonry or for covering a wall) mortar, and excavation of over 3.5 million tonnes of earth.
		In the (Click link for more info and facts about 20th Century) 20th Century major improvements were made to the sewerage system, to reduce pollution of the Thames Estuary and the (An arm of the North Atlantic between the British Isles and Scandinavia; oil was discovered under the North Sea in 1970) North Sea.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/L/Lo/London_sewerage_system.htm (417 words)

	[No title]
		Searle's yard, on the River Thames; it was worked by a motor in which rotation was effected by magnets arranged within coils, like galvanometer needles, and acted on successively by currents from a battery.
		Three separate tunnels of 17 ft. diameter each, or 227 ft. area, are to be connected by large passages about midway of their length.
		That for the working tunnels would be practically the same, the velocities being nearly alike in both cases, which would be about 21/2 miles per hour--the 30 ft. having an area of 470 ft., the two single ones together about 450 ft. Upon the face of it the system deserves a trial.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext05/7043010.txt (17742 words)

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