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Topic: Tupac Inca

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	Inca Religion
		The Incas were a very hierarchical society, and although the Inca(the king) was the son of the sun, his religious power was divided with hullac umac (the high priest, chosen from a noble lineage) to whom the priests of all shrines were submitted.
		These set the foundations for the Inca empire that can be said to have achieved its potential as well as its religious system as it is known to us only by the fifteenth century, either under the Inca Tupac yupanqui, or under his predecessor Inca Pachacuti.
		In the year 1532 the Inca empire was destroyed by the Spaniards, who also forbade the practice of the Inca religion, especially since their religious practices permeated all aspects of Public life.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/latam/inca.html (883 words)

	Inca Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Inca Empire (called Tawantinsuyu in modern spelling Aymara and Quechua, or Tahuantinsuyu in old spelling Quechua, which means Land of the Four Corners), was an empire located in South America from 1438 CE to 1533 CE.
		The Inca leadership encouraged the worship of their gods, the foremost of which was Inti, the sun god.
		For instance, the ChimÃº used money in their commerce, while the Inca empire as a whole had an economy based on exchange and taxation of luxury goods and labour (it is said that Inca tax collectors would take the head lice of the lame and old as a symbolic tribute).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inca (3459 words)

	All Empires - Inca Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Manco Inca's decision to raise the siege of Cusco and withdraw to Vilcabamba in the rainforest valley known as Espiritu Pampa ("the Plain of Ghosts") was a sudden one.
		It was in 1780 that Tupac Amaru complained of the cruelty of the Pinta Corregidor, the mestizo Antonio de Arriaga.
		Tupac Inca: (1471 - 1493) Expanded the empire from Quito in Ecuador to present-day northern Chile, annexing the lands of the Chimu and capturing the city of Chan Chan.
	www.allempires.com /empires/inca/inca2.htm (3787 words)

	Tupaq Amaru - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The son of Manco Inca Yupanqui (also known as Manco Capac II), he was made a priest and the guardian of his father's body.
		After his half brother, the Inca ( Titu Cusi), died in 1570, TÃºpac Amaru assumed the title of Sapa Inca.
		At this time the Inca empire had lost Cusco, and held only the region of Vilcabamba, a few dozen kilometers north of Cusco.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tupac_Amaru (203 words)

	Rise of Nations Heaven: Inca
		The Inca dynasty was began by Manco Capac in the 13th Century A.D. However, little marked the Inca from the other tribes that inhabited the Andes until around the 15th century A.D., when the Inca Empire under Tupac Yupanqui set itself on a path of conquest of South America.
		In 1571 A.D. Tupac Amaru, the son of Manco Capac II led the indigenous rural population in an uprising against the Spanish.
		Tupac Amaru II was captured in 1781 A.D. and taken to Cuzco where, after being forced to witness the execution of his wife and children, he was quartered and beheaded.
	ron.heavengames.com /gameinfo/nations/inca/inca.shtml (3585 words)

	Inca Empire - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Inca Empire (called Tahuantinsuyu in Quechua or Inca) was an empire located in South America from 1438 CE to 1533 CE.
		The first Inca of the Tahuantinsuyu, or Inca empire, was Pachacuti (1438 CE – 1471 CE), he was followed by Tupac Inca Yupanqui (1471 CE – 1493 CE), Huayna Capac (1493 CE – 1527 CE), Tupac Cuci Hualpa Huascar (1527 CE – 1532 CE), and, finally, Atahualpa (1532 CE – 1533 CE).
		This allowed the Inca to indocrinate the former ruler's children into the Inca nobility, and with luck marry their daughters into families at various corners of the empire.
	www.iridis.com /Inca (2720 words)

	Tupac Shakur Biography - Tupac Forever (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Tupac Shakur adopted the alias "Tupac" from Tupac Amaru, the last Inca royal heir in the captured Inca Empire in western South America, which resisted Spanish imperialism in what is now Peru.
		Tupac Shakur is believed to have read about the aforementioned individuals, adopting Tupac or 2Pac as his aliases for which he later became hugely popular among his fans.
		Tupac alone was shot a total of five times while he played dead on the ground and also robbed of thousands of dollars of gold jewelry he was wearing.
	tupacshakur.musiciansforever.com (3850 words)

	Tupac Amaru: The Life, Times, and Execution of the Last Inca by James Q. Jacobs
		The "trial of the Inca was hurried and was manifestly unjust." (Hemming 445) Tupac Amaru was convicted of the murder of Friar Diego Ortiz and others, of which he was certainly innocent.
		Numerous clerics, convinced of Tupac Amaru's innocence, pleaded to no avail, on their knees before the Viceroy Toledo, that the Inca be sent to Spain for a trial instead of being executed.
		Tupac Amaru's mortal remains are buried in the Church constructed upon the remains of the Coricancha, the Incan monument to the Sun which had housed the mummies of his ancestors.
	www.jqjacobs.net /andes/tupac_amaru.html (3758 words)

	WHKMLA : Francisco Pizarro's Conquest of the Inca Empire, 1532-1533
		The Incas also contemplated the possibility of the Spanish being gods (as one of several options), but decided not to attack them on their approach because the expedition's size was too small to pose a threat.
		The Spaniards orchestrated the coronation of a new Inca, Tupac Hualpa, and marched on Cuzco; the new Inca died shortly afterward of disease.
		The Inca culture was destroyed, her polytheistic religion replaced by christianity, Quechua and Aymara - the main Inca languages - reduced to a marginal role in society, while Spanish became the official language of Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and Chile.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/16cen/pizarro15321533.html (729 words)

	Inca Royalty list and short introduction.
		In the end of the Inca's rulership, the Chancas had grown to be a strong tribe and a treath against the Inca empire.
		The oldest son of the Inca took his old father and ran up into the mountains, and didn't want to fight, so after this battle, Pachacutec became the Inca, and his brother Urco was kicked out of the city for good in shame over his cowardness.
		He wasn't yet an Inca, because his father still ruled in Cuzco, but in 1471 his father was over 80 years old, and it was decided that Tupac Inca should be crowned.
	www.fortunecity.com /millennium/lilac/3/inka1.htm (1409 words)

	Storia del PerÃ¹: Tutte le informazioni su Storia del PerÃ¹ su Encyclopedia.it (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gli Hurin si ampliarono a spese dei popoli vicini e mantennero il potere fino al XIII secolo, quando, con una rivolta di palazzo, gli Hanan s'impadronirono del governo del regno.
		Notata la presenza degli insediamenti inca lungo la costa e rendendosi conto della ricchezza di queste popolazioni, tornÃ² in Spagna per chiedere aiuti in denaro e reclutare uomini.
		Nei trent'anni seguenti, continuarono le lotte degli Incas contro gli occupanti, ma ci furono anche lotte intestine per il controllo della regione, che portarono alla morte dei due " conquistadores ", Almagro nel 1538 e Pizzarro nel 1541, entrambi assasinati dalle fazioni rivali.
	www.encyclopedia.it /s/st/storia_del_peru.html (3829 words)

	AllRefer.com - Tupac Amaru (Peru History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		A man of some education and of high moral character, he sympathized with the plight of the native people of Peru and sought to alleviate their condition.
		Unable to persuade the government to better conditions in the textile mills, the mines, and the villages, Condorcanqui, under the name of the Inca Tupac Amaru (his supposed ancestor), led a rebellion in 1780.
		All of Tupac Amaru's family were executed or imprisoned, but many of the reforms for which he fought were granted.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/TupacAma.html (251 words)

	Incas and Conquistadors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Whilst the new Viceroy continued negotiations with the Inca, he understood the real and continued threat to Spanish authority that the native state posed.
		With Titu Cusi dead, his brother Tupac Amaru became Inca and was crowned with the royal fringe.
		Tupac Amaru was a committed follower of the native religion and had no desire to court Spanish religious or political interests.
	www.hc09.dial.pipex.com /incas/conquest-1569.html (281 words)

	Grade 6 Inca Projects & Resources
		There is a section on the conquest of the Incas and growth of the Inca Empire.
		Topics include: An Overview of the First Eight Inca Rulers which describes many famous Inca rulers with illustrations by Poma de Ayala, The Year of 1532, Children of the Sunm Inca Tupac Amaru II and more.
		Incas and the Fall of the Inca Empire, Aztec Mythology: Quetzalcoatl, and Quetzalcoatl and Viracocha: How These Myths Resulted in the Downfall of the Aztec and Inca Tribes.
	www.internet-at-work.com /hos_mcgrane/inca/eg_inca_intro.html (861 words)

	Amaru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He is sometimes known as the Fourth Inca of Vilcabamba, and was the fourth son of the Inca emperor Manco Capac.
		Manco Capac was crowned as the Inca in 1533 by the Spaniards, who assumed he would follow their orders.
		The new Spanish viceroy of Peru, Francisco de Toledo, sought to eliminate the remnants of the Inca empire that remained in Vilcabamba.
	www.emayzine.com /lectures/amaru.html (370 words)

	tupac
		Tupac Amaru was described as a well-disposed and discreet, eloquent and intellignet individual.
		The stroke that executed Tupac Amaru was the final blow of the Spanish conquest of Peru, almost exactly forty years after the first violent encounter in the square of Cajamarca.
		Anyway, to get back to Tupac Shakur, his mother who is a very knowledgeable women probably named her son after the Inca King, for Tupac Amaru(the Inca King) was viewed as a great man, honorable and respectable.
	www.geocities.com /nikosonik/tupac.html (537 words)

	Apu Ollantay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The third Inca married a daughter of the chief of Oma, the fourth married a girl of Tacucaray, the wife of the fifth was a daughter of a Cuzco chief.
		The sixth Inca married a daughter of the chief of Huayllacan, the seventh married a daughter of the chief of Ayamarca, and the eighth went to Anta for a wife.
		Moreover, the daughter of the Anta chief was married to the Inca Uira-cocha, and was the mother of Pachacuti.
	www.blackmask.com /thatway/books129c/apuol.htm (6944 words)

	Tupac Amaru 2.
		Tupac Amaru and his wife Micaela fought together and after they had a certain success in the uprising the first part of it.
		Tupac Amaru was a reborn king of the Incas.
		Tupac Amaru, 11 Tupacamaristas was murdered at the Cuzco main plaza, including his wife Michaela and his two sons, the youngest a boy of 10 years of age.
	www.fortunecity.com /millennium/lilac/3/tupac.htm (1156 words)

	Inca
		The name Inca may specifically refer to the emperor, but is generally used to mean the empire or the people.
		Topa Inca - Topa Inca Inca emperor Born: ?
		Manco Capac, legendary founder of the Inca dynasty of Peru - Manco Capac, legendary founder of the Inca dynasty of Peru.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/society/A0825064.html (280 words)

	Articles - Sapa Inca (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sapa Inca is the title given to the ruler of the Inca Empire.
		Leadership systems at all levels within the Inca Empire were structured by moieties entitled the hanan (upper) and the hurin (lower), in keeping with the Moche ideal of duality.
		The Sapa Inca of the first dynasty of the Kingdom of Cuzco were, in order, Manco Capac (?-1105), Sinchi Roca (1105-1140), Lloque Yupanqui, Mayta Capac, and Capac Yupanqui.
	www.foreverc.com /articles/Sapa_Inca (460 words)

	Topa Inca
		The tenth ruler of the Inca nation, Topa was a brilliant general, who personally led his troops into battle.
		He greatly expanded the Inca network of roads, often connecting isolated coastal areas or remote mountain valleys with the rest of the empire.
		Inca: History - History The Empire's Growth Since the Inca combined much Aymara mythology with their own, their...
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0900118.html (359 words)

	Tupac Inca Yupanqui
		TUPAC INCA YUPANQUI (too-pak-ing-kah-yoo-pang'-ke), eleventh inca of Peru, born in Cuzco about 1420; died there in 1483.
		He was a son of the inca Yupanqui and Mama Chimpu Ocllo, and succeeded his father on the throne in 1453, beginning his reign by visiting the different provinces of his empire, in which undertaking he spent four years.
		After gathering an army of more than 40,000 men at Cajamarea, he conquered the territories of Moyabamba, Chachapoyas, Ayabaca, and Huancabamba, and, on his return to Cuzco, completed the construction of the famous fortress of Sacsahuana, which had been begun under the reign of his father.
	www.famousamericans.net /tupacincayupanqui (379 words)

	Inca Tupac Yupanqui
		It is said that the Inca Tupac Yupanqui himself led an expedition to research them.
		(Nina Chumbi means "fire island." Were these the volcanic islands Hawaii and Japan?) Inca Tupac, with a full fleet of ships and 20,000 men, set sail into the west in search of these mysterious islands and returned in a year....
		When the Spaniards came to Peru, the Inca ruler of the time told them that his Empire had been founded by a people of seafarers who had once long ago crossed 2,000 miles of Ocean to reach his land.
	www.aefosc.org /grandophir/ophir/incatupac.html (184 words)

	The Ontological Writings of Ital Iman I - The Tupac Papers, The 7 Day Theory
		From the evidence presented the idea became believable to me being a numerologist; there was a true pattern presented.
		It is my belief that Kill-Illuminati, was Tupac's way of saying, that these powerful beings who control us must be eradicated; lets just say you are a young man seeking fame and fortune; and you go out hoodwinked like a candidate for the 3rd degree and ups!
		Keeping The 7 Day Theory alive, Death Row sends email "Tupac album will be in stores October 7th" Note: 10/7/2003 = 13 for Tupac died on Friday the 13th.
	ontological.unn13.com /tupac.html (4396 words)

	Definition of Pachacuti
		By 1471 CE, when Pachacuti died, Tupac Inca had already reached what is toda...
		Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui]] of the [[Inca Empire]] dies and i...
		While he lead the Inca army his father [[ Pachacuti ]] fashioned the political reorganization of the K...
	www.wordiq.com /search/Pachacuti.html (347 words)

	BOLIVIA - Online Information article about BOLIVIA
		The Indian population (920,860) is largely composed of the so-called civilized tribes of the Andes, which once formed part of the nationality ruled by the Incas, and of those of the Mojos and Chiquitos regions, which were organized into industrial communities by the Jesuits in the 17th century.
		The abortive insurrection of 178o-82, led by the Inca Tupac Amaru, was never a general rising, and was directed rather against Creole tyranny than against Spanish rule.
		The heavy losses sustained by the Indians during that outbreak, and their dislike and distrust of the colonial Spaniard, account for the comparative indifference with which they viewed the rise and progress of the 1814 colonial revolt against Spain, which gave the South American states their independence.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /BLA_BOS/BOLIVIA.html (13608 words)

	Cusco
		Como ya hemos comentado en el caso de otros incas, parece que tal fue el encandilamiento de los cronistas por los triunfos militares de ambos gobernantes, que esto no les permitió dedicarse a escribir sobre ellos como urbanistas y planificadores físicos.
		En ella cuenta que "la ciudad del Cuzco[,] por ser la principal de todas donde tenían su residencia los señores [incas], es tan grande y hermosa, que sería digna de verse aun en España, y toda llena de palacios de señores, porque en ella no vive gente pobre".
		Luego, al referirse a las colosales piedras de Sacsayhuamán, añade que "los españoles que la ven, dicen que ni el puente de Segovia, ni otro de los edificios que hicieron Hércules ni los romanos, no son cosa digna de verse como esto".
	ciudadinca.perucultural.org.pe /refundacion4.htm (401 words)

	SOHH.com Global Forum - 5/365 '03
		Pues aquel que jamás los más auían visto, pues siempre se estuuiere en Vilcabamba, retirado desde niño, a una palmada reprimieron los llantos y lágrimas salidas del coraón que tan dificultosas son de ocultar y esconder..."
		Tupac Amaru calmly raised his hands and silence and motionlessness fell upon the densely packed crowd.
		"[W]e found these kingdoms in such good order, and the said Incas governed them in such wise that throughout them there was not a thief, nor a vicious man, nor an adulteress, nor was a bad woman admitted among them, nor were there immoral people.
	www.sohh.com /forums/showthread.php?t=244952 (3392 words)

	artnet.com: Resource Library: Tuyru Tupac Inca, Juan Tomás (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A descendant of the Inca nobility, he was the finest of the indigenous craftsmen who participated in the reconstruction of the old Inca capital, Cuzco, after the earthquake of 1650.
		Tuyru Tupac Inca’s finest work as an architect is the design of S Pedro, attached to the Hospital de Indias in Cuzco, his plan for which was drawn up in 1688 and is preserved in Spain in the Archivo General de Indias in Seville.
		In addition he built the tower (1688) of the Recoleta Church, Cuzco, and Belén Church (in construction, 1696) in Cuzco is also attributed to him.
	www.artnet.com /library/08/0867/T086719.asp (342 words)

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