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Topic: Turbellaria

	Turbellaria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Turbellaria are a group of generally small (<1 - 60cm) and free-swimming members of the flatworm phylum Platyhelminthes.
		Most turbellaria are carnivorous, and actively scavenge for food.
		The planarian Dugesia is a common representative of Class Turbellaria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turbellaria (175 words)

	PLANARIANS - LoveToKnow Article on PLANARIANS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In countries lying in the centre and in the south of the great continents and in the south temperate continental islands and archipelagoes these land Planarians become more abundant and varied; and being frequently transported with earth or plants they are often found in hothouses and botanical gardens far from their native country.
		Ana!omy.The structure of the Turbellaria though greatly varied in detail, conforms to a single type of somatic organization which is transitory in the higher invertebrates.
		In a number of Turbellaria the musculature is modified to form a sucker either single or double and anterior or posterior, and it undergoes further modification in connection with the pharynx and reproductive organs.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PL/PLANARIANS.htm (5412 words)

	[No title]
		Generally, the term “flatworm” is restricted to the class turbellaria, in spite of its being the common name of the phylum.
		Turbellaria are the simplest animals with a brain and central nervous system (CNS), a well-organized excretory-osmoregulatory system, and a complex reproductive system.
		The orders of turbellaria are based on the structure of the digestive system and are: 1) Acoela (no digestive tract); 2) Rhabdocoela (single digestive tube); 3) Alloecoela (straight digestive tube with short branches); 4) Tricladia (three-branched digestive tube) and 5) Polycladia (manybranch, mostly marine forms).
	www.brown.edu /Courses/Bio_41/labplatyhelminthes.doc (2346 words)

	The Platyhelminthes and the Acoela
		The term "turbellarian" is still a useful moniker referring to all those worms formerly classified in the Turbellaria, but the term "Turbellaria" (specifically, the capitalized taxon name) would have to be written in quotation marks to indicate its paraphyletic status.
		Jennings JB (1971) Parasitism and commensalism in the Turbellaria.
		Smith JPS (1981) Fine-structural anatomy of the parenchyma in the Acoela and Nemertodermatida (Turbellaria).
	devbio.umesci.maine.edu /styler/globalworming/platyhelm.htm (3871 words)

	Turbellaria - Taxonomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Turbellarians are the largely free-living flatworms---those that don't parasitize other animals---while the other classes encompass the obligate parasites, most of which live in or on the bodies of vertebrates.
		Turbellaria is, in particular, considered an invalid class because it is not monophyletic.
		The term "turbellarian" can still be applied to those worms that were formerly classified in the Turbellaria, but the term "Turbellaria" (specifically, the capitalized taxon name) would have to be written in quotation marks to indicate its paraphyletic status.
	devbio.umesci.maine.edu /styler/turbellaria/index.php (773 words)

	The Class Turbellaria
		The Turbellaria are free living or commensal with larger animals, (it is possible a few species now thought to be commensals may actually be parasitic).
		There are 12 orders within the class Turbellaria and between them they show considerable variability however they all have certain features in common.
		By further research scientists were able to learn that it was RNA and not DNA that the animal was using to remember the correct response, it was remembering with its whole body.
	www.earthlife.net /inverts/turbellaria.html (1498 words)

	Fisheries & Oceans, Pacific Region - Welcome to Science Branch
		Despite earlier reports of turbellaria inhabiting the coelom of sea urchins, all turbellaria are now believed to be confined to the intestinal tract of the host but are easily displaced into the coelom during dissection (S.
		Some turbellaria ingest intestinal tissue of the host and symbiotic intestinal ciliates or materials that were ingested by the host (e.g., S.
		c) Living turbellaria (about 2 to 3 mm long, 1.6 to 2.5 mm wide and 0.5 mm in maximum thickness) are bright red with a dark brown or yellow median longitudinal line which marks the extent of the intestine.
	www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca /sci/shelldis/pages/turbelsu_e.htm (649 words)

	Turbellaria of Clams
		Whole mount of a gravid Graffillidae-like turbellarian from the intestinal tract of a Japanese littleneck clam, Venerupis (=Tapes) philippinarum, from a beach in southern British Columbia.
		Histology: Cross sections of turbellaria can be observed adjacent to the gills or mantle, or within the lumen of the gut and kidney.
		Histological section through the eye spots of a turbellarian in the lumen of the gut of a Japanese littleneck clam, Venerupis (=Tapes) philippinarum, from a beach in southern British Columbia.
	www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca /sci/shelldis/pages/turbelcc_e.htm (347 words)

	M31.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms) includes four classes, the Trematoda and Monogenea (both commonly called flukes), the Cestoda (tapeworms), and the Turbellaria.
		The first three classes are parasitic, and are often found as parasites of various marine organisms (as well as many freshwater and terrestrial organisms).
		The Turbellaria are free-living flatworms, and can frequently be found under rocks or in seaweed in the intertidal and shallow water zones.
	www.meer.org /M31.htm (198 words)

	East Coast Acoels
		(Turbellaria, Acoela) and observations on its ultrastructure.--Zoologica Scripta 5: 207-216.
		Marine turbellaria from the Atlantic coast of North America.--American Museum Novitates 1266, 15pp.
		(Turbellaria: Acoela) from the East Coast of North America.--Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 110: 12-26.
	hooge.developmentalbiology.com /E (483 words)

	planarian -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Planaria is the name of one genus, but the name planarian is used to designate any member of the family Planariidae and related families.
		Most of the Turbellaria are less than five millimetres (0.2 inch) long, and many are microscopic in size.
		The largest of this class are the planarians, which may reach 0.5 metre (about 20 inches) in length.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9060292?tocId=9060292&query=planarian (569 words)

	Turbellaria
		Turbellaria are free living, commensal flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes, class Turbellaria, order Rhabdocoel, and family Graffillidae) (Figs.
		Parasite and symbiont fauna of Japanese littlenecks, Tapes philippinarum (Adams and Reeve, 1850), in British Columbia.
		Bower, S.M. and Blackbourn, J. Geoduck clam (Panopea abrupta): Anatomy, Histology, Development, Pathology, Parasites and Symbionts: Turbellaria of geoduck clams.
	www-sci.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca /geoduck/turbellaria_e.htm (383 words)

	Class Turbellaria
		Turbellaria and Nemertea are common and often very numerous inhabitants of freshwaters.
		Even though more than 200 species of Turbellaria and 3 species of Nemertea live in North America, their ecology and systematics have been less studied than that of many other common aquatic invertebrates.
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	lakes.chebucto.org /ZOOBENTH/BENTHOS/xxvii.html (820 words)

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