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Topic: Turbot War

	Turbot - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The European turbot (Psetta maxima) is a large left-eyed flatfish found primarily close to shore in sandy shallow waters throughout the Mediterranean, the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea and the North Atlantic.
		Turbot is highly prized for its delicate flavour, and is a valuable commercial species, acquired through aquaculture and trawling.
		Turbot are farmed in France, Spain and Chile.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turbot (193 words)

	Turbot War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Turbot War of 1995 was an international fishing dispute between Canada and the European Union which ended in Canada arresting a Spanish fishing trawler in international waters.
		The ground fishery, while a fraction of what it had been during the cod years, did have some bright spots – one of which was the turbot.
		Canada was not alone in recognizing the growing value of the turbot, and foreign fishing fleets operating off the 200 NM EEZ were beginning to pursue the species in increasing numbers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turbot_War (1247 words)

	The Battle of Turbot - Kommersant Moscow
		The war for the right to fish at the Canadian coast was the first and the longest Fish War.
		All these wars were connected with the fact that the Icelanders extended their territorial waters forbidding foreigners to fish there.
		This conflict is the continuation of the war for the Newfoundland fish.
	www.kommersant.com /page.asp?id=622332 (3716 words)

	JURIST - O'Connell: Lawful Responses to Terrorism
		This definition of "war" may be implied by O'Connell's notion of "necessity," but that notion is tied up with another confusion in her account, namely, a funda- mentally flawed understanding of the relations between forces acting on the offensive and defensive respectively.
		As he so epigrammatically puts it, "the successful threat is the threat that need not be carried out." Wars are carried out for political purposes, as everyone should know from Clausewitz, whereas war as parsed into different categories in the international law she analyzes seems to be limited to aggressive war and wars of retaliations.
		"War" as she discusses it is also apparently limited to "aggressive" war, and here the analysis fails utterly to account for the ways in which "offensive" and "defensive" acts are defined wholly contextually and in hierarchical relations to one another.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /forum/forumnew30.htm (5197 words)

	The Halibut War
		Canada, under the provisions of a Canadian law authorizing the country to intervene outside the 200 nautical-mile zone, deployed the Canadian Coast Guard to board and inspect a Spanish ship, the Estai.
		The European Union argued that the inspection of the Estai was a violation of international rights, and threatened to launch a trade war Spain sent a warship to protect its fishermen, accusing Canada of piracy In the end, the conflict was settled when Canada agreed to renegotiate the quotas set by NAFO.
		The media called it the Cod War, but there is no cod in the Grand Banks.
	www.histori.ca /peace/page.do?pageID=338 (650 words)

	turbot war information.
		The major losers in the so-called turbot war would appear to be the Spanish and Portuguese..
		While we were the big losers in the "turbot war" we could become an even..
		By the time Canada and Spain signed a treaty to end the five-week turbot war, there were thousands of UK and Irish fishing boats sailing under the Maple..
	www.kngfloral.com.ua /t/turbot_war.html (252 words)

	The Elusive Quest: Linking Environmental Change and Conflict (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The paper begins with a brief overview of the theoretical argument that by extending the timeframe under analysis it is possible to identify processes of adaptation to environmental change which occur at the macro level of societies and the micro level of individuals.
		Thus, the events that precipitated the Turbot War were set in motion long before the actual conflict, and highlighting these events reveals that both states attempted—successfully or not—to make adjustments to deal with fishing shortfalls.
		The Turbot War was followed by an international conference on straddling and highly migratory fish stocks.
	www.isanet.org /noarchive/mcdonaldgaulin.html (7367 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The Turbot War of 1995 was an international fishing dispute between Canada and the European Union which ended in Canada boarding a Spanish fishing trawler in international waters and arresting its crew.
		In the years since the cod moratorium, federal fisheries policy makers and scientists had scrambled to attempt to find a replacement species that could at least reinject economic stimulus into the affected regions.
		The ground fishery, while a fraction of what it had been during the cod years, did have some bright spots â“ one of which was the turbot.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Turbot_War (1415 words)

	Questions for discussion of Turbot War (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The "Turbot War" between Canada and Spain of 1995
		Also taking part in deliberations is a representative from the European Union, which supports the fishing interests of its member states (including Spain) and the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization, an international fishery commission that seeks to establish rules that will conserve fisheries in the region.
		What were the circumstances that led to the "turbot war" between Canada and Spain in March 1995 over fishing rights in the Grand Banks area off Newfoundland?
	social.chass.ncsu.edu /soroos/PS336/Discussions/turbotwar.htm (348 words)

	USN Ships--USS G-3 (Submarine # 31)
		Originally named Turbot, she was renamed G-3 in November 1911 and commissioned in March 1915.
		She was thereafter employed in experimental and training work in the vicinity of Long Island Sound, based at the New London Submarine Base, Groton, Connecticut.
		Turbot was renamed G-3 in November 1911, prior to launching.
	www.history.navy.mil /photos/sh-usn/usnsh-g/ss31.htm (321 words)

	Turbot turf war on the high seas
		Iqaluit (July 26/04) - A fish quota war is brewing in the Davis Strait off the shores of Nunavut and Greenland.
		Industry advocates for the Atlantic fishery argue the vessels are foreign born and have been reflagged Canadian.
		These three provinces own 95 to 100 per cent of the fishery in their adjacent waters, he said.
	www.nnsl.com /frames/newspapers/2004-07/jul26_04fs.html (571 words)

	Canada/EC Turbot War Escalates
		The Spanish vessel is one of about 50 European Union vessels fishing turbot stocks in the area.
		Canada has imposed a 60-day moratorium on the turbot fishery for all vessels including its own.
		The European Union refused to abide by the moratorium and has continued to fish with little regard to the impact on the turbot stock.
	archive.greenpeace.org /majordomo/index-oldgopher/9503/msg00016.html (438 words)

	Newfoundland and Labrador Newspaper : The Independent (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The ship’s records showed there were 24 tonnes of turbot on board, but only 13 tonnes had been logged.
		She says politicians and bureaucrats were absolutely “apoplectic” about what the now-infamous turbot war with the Spanish in 1995 would do to Canada’s trade relationship with the European Union.
		Randy Jenkins, acting director of conservation and protection with DFO in St. John’s, admits that such flagrant violations are “very serious” when the health of the turbot stock is in doubt.
	www.theindependent.ca /article.asp?AID=662&ATID=2 (857 words)

	What Is “Multilateral”? by John Van Oudenaren - Policy Review, No. 117 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		While regional groupings at least have a geographic rationale that bolsters their claims to multilateral legitimacy, the same cannot be said for functionally defined groupings, which often are rather arbitrary with regard to membership and rules for decision-making.
		One of the more curious features of post-Cold War multilateral diplomacy has been the extremely uneven way in which the international community has empowered international institutions to address problems of implementation and enforcement.
		In extreme form, this pattern can be seen in the behavior of microstates that purport to contribute to multilateralism by such essentially meaningless acts as adhering to agreements on nuclear testing and nonproliferation but dig in their heels on issues closer to home such as bank secrecy, tax evasion, or money laundering.
	www.policyreview.org /feb03/oudenaren_print.html (4846 words)

	WHO WON THE GREAT TURBOT WAR?
		Under fishing agreements that followed the High Sea confrontation last year, the European fishermen are only allowed to catch 11.000 tons of turbot in 1996, a far cry from the more than 40.000 tons they had been catching annually in the early part of this decade.
		The Canadian Fisheries Resource Conservation Council, which provides advice to the federal government on fishing allocations, expressed alarm about the poor state of turbot stocks in Canadian and international waters and urged that steps be taken to minimize the catching of small turbot.
		McCurdy said in an interview that without the arrest of the Estai, Canada would have continued to be frustrated in its efforts to persuade the Europeans to curb foreign overfishing and the use of such things as illegal fine-meshed nets.
	www.sispain.org /~pardos/globe.html (1063 words)

	Nunatsiaq News
		Nunavik Inuit have a turbot quota of only 140 metric tonnes, and Makivik’s leaders say the DFO is continuing to slight their historic participation in the northern turbot fishery by giving the bulk of the turbot quota to southern fishers.
		While turbot is a peaceful deep sea fish, which has both eyes on the left side and spends its days lying on its right on the ocean bottom, this isn’t the first time it has been fought over by the fishing industry.
		When Nunavut’s turbot is sold, it will bring more than $16 million revenues to the fishing industry.
	www.nunatsiaq.com /archives/nunavut000831/nvt20825_07.html (675 words)

	Amazon.com: turbot (Site not responding. Last check: )
		On the turbot stock in the North Sea (C.M) (C.M) by W Weber (Unknown Binding - Jan 1, 1979)
		The weaning of turbot (Scopthalmus maximus L.) and sole (Solea solea L.) on dry diets by P. J Bromley (Unknown Binding - Jan 1, 1979)
		The turbot war: Canada, Spain and conflict over the North Atlantic fishery (Pew case studies in international affairs) by Elizabeth R Desombre (Unknown Binding - 2000)
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&search-alias=aps&keywords=turbot&page=1 (452 words)

	Turbot Coat of Arms, Family Crest
		There are three terms found in the Domesday Book which were used to express the amount of land held by each manor, and how well that land was utilized, so as to estimate the annual rates of taxation upon each lord.
		The Hundred Years' War began in the reign of Edward III, who was the King of England from 1327 to 1377.
		The English Civil War of the 1640s was marked by the trial and execution of King Charles I and the suspension of the monarchy for a period of eleven years.
	www.houseofnames.com /coatofarms_details.asp?sId=&s=Turbot&a=54323-224 (1363 words)

	VN Boards - WAR post 40
		But my gripe is that WAR is very gimped when it comes to tanking after lv 40 (really earlier than that) and are much more geared to dealing damage.
		Yet when I try and explain that to people they tell me that Im crazy and WAR is useless for anything other than tanking and even then they need to have NIN subbed.
		It was easy for me as a 40 Elv War to keep hate off of DD when you do 300+ Raging Axes all the time (My highest is 450+!).
	vnboards.ign.com /Message.aspx?topic=77977895 (1819 words)

	TVA May/June Lifelines Newsletter - Turbot
		Dead is dead, and just because we land-dwellerscannot see the underwater devastation doesn't mean that it isany less real.
		And while Spanish and Portugese fishermen areprotesting that Canada can't tell them when to stop fishing,they ought to stop and think that maybe the turbot alreadyhave.
		Even farmed fish involveenvironmental damage through pollution, habitat loss and therisk of genetically altered fish escaping and breeding withwild fish.
	www.veg.ca /newsletr/mayjun95/turbot.html (353 words)

	EU-Canada turbot deal a step in right direction
		The EU and Canada reiterated their commitment to the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) remaining at 27,000 tons until current scientific assessments of turbot are finished.
		Despite making some progress, the deal appears to be a piece-meal approach to a short-term solution to the turbot war.
		"The fish wars are not over, and will not end, without a globally accepted, legally binding U.N. Treaty that ensures a precautionary approach to fishing -- both on the high seas and in national waters," she said.
	www.infodrom.north.de /~joey/Greenpeace/ca-fishing.html (543 words)

	Hoover Institution - Policy Review - What is "Multilateral"?
		The Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (nafo), for example, a body that played a key role in the eu-Canada “turbot war” of 1995, has had a shifting membership determined less by anything having to do with fishing than by exogenous political factors.
		Historically, such clauses often reflected an implicit bargain in which stronger countries were held to higher standards than were applied to countries still recovering from World War ii or otherwise “catching up.” In exchange, weaker countries recognized that standards as such were important and that some level of compliance was expected.
		The icc clearly moves furthest in this direction in that it sets up an independent prosecutor and a supporting bureaucracy that is empowered to investigate, indict, and try individuals with little in the way of prior political authorization from the states involved.
	www.hoover.org /publications/policyreview/3449941.html (4859 words)

	Diplomacy flounders as turbot war is caught in Net
		Here is something you are going to see more often in the years ahead: The Spanish ambassador to Canada says some stuff on his home page and it gets him in trouble.
		There is a turbot war going on, see, as there so often is, and the Spanish ambassador gets on the Internet, as so many of us will soon be doing, and muses about some of the shortcomings he has observed in some Canadians, such as the then Minister of Fisheries, Brian Tobin.
		In the meantime let us note that all these wheels were set in motion by somebody who felt it incumbent upon himself to spend time sitting in front of his computer readiang the Internet home page of the Spanish ambassador to Canada.
	www.docuweb.ca /~pardos/gordon.html (648 words)

	Fishery conflicts around the Falkland Islands
		With the outbreak of the Falkland War on 2 April 1982, diplomatic ties were broken.
		After the war and after the call for free democratic elections by the military junta, both parties sought a modus vivendi.
		Important developments after World War II were the Truman Declaration and the ensuing unilateral declaration of a 200-mile sovereign zone by Peru, Chile and Ecuador, also known as the Declaration of Santiago, in 1952.
	www.tsunami.nl /cms/root/scriptie/endnotes.htm (15264 words)

	McClelland and Stewart Ltd: Books
		The war camp disagreed and pushed hard to follow through with plans for early morning action.
		The war camp, in one final outburst of bad judgement and without consulting anyone else, had sent instructions to the skippers of the civilian fleet to make one last charge through the Spanish fleet.
		The government’s central goal, the saving of the turbot stock, was accomplished even if Spain, bitter and humiliated, would make us pay a price by throwing roadblock after roadblock into Canada’s efforts to forge closer ties with Europe for years to come.
	www.mcclelland.com /catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780771010941&view=excerpt (1327 words)

	N-MAY95
		The prime minister has reached approval ratings near ninety per cent during the Turbot War and now the advisers seem to have the government on a course of appeasement of the thoroughly discredited Spanish.
		Day by day the European negotiators demand less and less enforcement and more and more genteel accommodation at the table while their compatriots go on scornfully and contemptuously fishing the final stocks of fish off the fishing grounds.
		Americans endured two years of sneering from Saddam before firing Bush out on his ear in the 1992 American election.Doing half a job is no job at all and nobody in the United States could readily accept that Bush had finished the dirty but necessary task of eliminating the Iraqi despot from further action.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/bstagg/n-may95.htm (696 words)

	Turbot Fishing/UN Fish Conference
		JOHN'S, MARCH 31, 1995 (GP) New Greenpeace footage shot in the turbot war zone off Newfoundland shows a Spanish trawler continuing to fish, despite calls for a moratorium on fishing the dwindling turbot stocks.
		In an about-face, negotiators for Canada at UN fisheries talks in New York were backing down on agreeing to tougher measures to protect fish stocks, such as turbot, and other so-called straddling and highly migratory fish stocks.
		Greenpeace was stunned when the Canadian delegation to UN fisheries talks on Wednesday refused to support a proposal put forward by the United States, with support of the European Union, for mandatory rules for precautionary fisheries management, both inside and outside the 200 mile zone.
	archive.greenpeace.org /majordomo/index-oldgopher/9503/msg00060.html (596 words)

	Glossary: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage
		Bottom-dwelling species including cod, pollock, haddock, turbot, and red fish.
		An armed vessel owned and officered by private individuals holding a government commission and authorized for war service.
		The highest court of appeal in the British Empire and Commonwealth.
	www.heritage.nf.ca /glossary.html (4704 words)

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