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Topic: Turkic peoples

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	Turkic peoples information - Search.com
		In the earliest Turkic dictionary extant, the eponymous hero of the Turks, Alp Er Tunga, is identified with the character Afrasiyab ("Frangasyan" in the Avesta) in Persian literature.
		Turkic soldiers in the army of the Abbasid caliphs emerged as the de facto rulers of most of the Muslim Middle East (apart from Syria and Egypt), particularly after the 10th century.
		Additionally, Turkic peoples are found within Crimea, the Xinjiang region of western China, northern Iraq, Iran, Israel, Russia, Afghanistan, Cyprus, and the Balkans: Moldova, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania and former Yugoslavia.
	www.search.com /reference/Turkic_peoples (3707 words)

	Turkic peoples - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Turkic peoples are Northern and Central Eurasian peoples who speak languages belonging to the Turkic family, and who, in varying degrees, share certain cultural and historical traits.
		The Turkic languages are a subdivision of the Altaic language group, and are one of the most geographically widespread in the world, being spoken in a vast region spanning from Europe to Siberia.
		In the earliest Turkic dictionary extant, the eponymous hero of the Turks, Alp Er Tunga, is identified with the character Afrasiyab ("Frangasyan" in the Avesta) in Persian literature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turkic_peoples (4087 words)

	Turkic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China with an estimated 140 million native speakers and tens of millions of second-language speakers.
		The Turkic languages are traditionally considered to be part of the Altaic language family.
		For centuries, the Turkic speaking peoples have migrated extensively and intermingled continuously, and their languages have been influenced mutually and through contact with the surrounding languages, especially the Iranian, Slavic, and Mongolic languages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turkic_languages (337 words)

	Turkic peoples
		Turkic nationalists claim that the expansion of proto-Turkic peoples across Eurasia involved the Scythians (Ishkuz), Xiongnu, Huns, Sarmatians, Khazars, Pechenegs, Alans, Cimmerians, Massagetae and other steppe populations.
		In the earliest Turkic dictionary extant, the eponymous hero of the Turks, Alp Er Tunga, is identified with the character Afrasiyab ("Frangasyan" in the Zend Avesta) in Persian literature.
		Some Turkic peoples (particularly in the Russian autonomous regions and republics of Altai, Khakassia, and Tuva) are largely shamanists.
	www.reboom.com /article/Turkic_peoples.html (2823 words)

	TATAR ROOTS
		Thus, there are various opinions on the time of the development of the Tatar people’s roots in the Volga and Urals: some attribute it to the 4 c., others to the 8 c., to the 9 c., to the 13 c., or to the 14 c.
		The study of the beginning and the process of formation of the Tatar people or its language-carrying components is further complicated by some scientists (mainly the official Finno-ugrian school which seeks to prove an Uralic origin of the Hungarians) trying to place the so-called Magna Hungaria (Great Hungary) in the Middle Volga and Urals.
		In Turkic: saga - Turkic ethnonym, -dar-lar is the plural affix; Sagadar is ‘Sags’.
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/tatar/tatar-origin.html (9947 words)

	«THE TATAR GAZETTE» - WEB-EXCLUSIVE
		While the cultural aspects of Turkic integration do not seem threatening to anyone, a pan-Turkic political agenda causes apprehension in the capitals of countries that are adjacent to Turkic states or have Turkic minorities within their borders.
		In the same year, the Turkic Peoples’ Assembly was established in Kazan - an event that must be viewed as an important milestone in the history of pan-Turkism because it marks the beginning of the institutional phase of the movement.
		Once a certain degree of political consolidation of the six independent Turkic states is achieved, the Turkic peoples that still remain under colonial oppression ought to become the focus of attention, with the ultimate goal of liberating all the Turkic peoples and uniting them politically.
	members.tripod.com /tatargazeta/079.html (1151 words)

	Turkmen people - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Turkmen people (Türkmen or Түркмен, plural Türkmenler or Түркменлер) is a name currently applied to two Turkic peoples.
		A people known as Turkmen (or Turkoman) live in northern Iraq, notably in the city of Kirkuk (where until recent decades they were the majority of the population), and in other northern cities and towns including Mosul and Arbil.
		[2] Like the Turks of Turkey and the Azeris of Azerbaijan, they are descendants of the Turkic peoples who migrated out of Central Asia in numerous waves starting primarily in the 9th and 10th centuries, although there are earlier references to the presence of Turks in the region.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Turkmen_people (577 words)

	Golden, World of the Steppes
		The Tengri (sky-god) cult was widespread among the Turkic peoples and served as a basic prop for the qaganal ideology.
		Any discussion of the ethnogenesis and formation of the Turkic peoples must bear in mind the extraordinary mobility of the pastoral nomads, the rapidity with which their political formations dissolved and re-formed, often with a change of some of the ethno-tribal components.
		The original Turkic physical type, if we can really posit such, for it should be borne in mind that this mobile population was intermixing with its neighbors at a very early stage, was probably of the Mongoloid type (in all likelihood in its South Siberian variant).
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~fisher/hst373/readings/golden.html (5170 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : The Cradle of the Turks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Turkic peoples, in fact, are one of the most widespread ethnic groups in the world, inhabiting a vast region from the Great Wall of China in the east to the Balkans in the West, and from Siberia in the north to Afghanistan in the south.
		Three Turkic tribes—the Basmil, the Karluk and the Uighu—now vied with one another and with the Altay Turks for supremacy of the steppe.
		The collapse of the Turkic empire marked the beginning of a long period of instability on the steppe that did not end until the rise of the Mongol Empire in the 12th century.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/199402/the.cradle.of.the.turks.htm (4065 words)

	tuks information,turks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The English term "Turkic" is nowadays mainly used to describe the languages and peoples of the whole area while the term"Turkish" is commonly seen as referring to the peoples and language of modern Turkey and some of the ethnically and culturally particularly close peoples and ethnic minorities in surrounding countries.
		Turkic soldiers in the army of the Abbasid caliphs emerged as de facto rulers of most of the Muslim Middle East (except Syria and Egypt), particularly after the 10th century.
		Opponents point to the nationalism and the imperial past of modern Turkey, the role of the pan-Turkic movements in the revolutionary wars in Russia, and the cultural, religious, andpolitical diversity of the many Turkic peoples and ethnic groups and feel that a movement to greater pan-Turkic unity might be anegative influence on the region.
	www.vsearchmedia.com /tuks.html (1490 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Turkic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Turkic TURKIC [Turkic], group of languages forming a subdivision of the Altaic subfamily of the Ural-Altaic family of languages (see Uralic and Altaic languages).
		Turks TURKS [Turks] term applied in its wider meaning to the Turkic-speaking peoples of Turkey, Russia, Central Asia, Xinjiang in China (Chinese Turkistan), Azerbaijan and the Caucasus, Iran, and Afghanistan.
		Cumans CUMANS [Cumans] or Kumans, nomadic East Turkic people, identified with the Kipchaks (or the western branch of the Kipchaks) and known in Russian as Polovtsi.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/13136.html (648 words)

	THE GODS OF THE TURKS
		The Turkic peoples were bombarded by Judaism (Khazari, the ancestors of Israel's Ashkenazi establishment), Christianity (Chuvashi and Balkan Bolgars, Gagauzi), Islam and Lamaism (Tuvans, Tibetans, Kalmyks).
		Thousands of people from nearby auls (villages) and cities would gather at sacred mountains, valleys, rivers, lakes and springs simultaneously and tens of thousands of fires would be lit on these sacred grounds, prior to the sacrifice of horses and sheep.
		People ate the meat, and the Deities and Spirits fed on the smell of the roasted meat.
	www.ethnikoi.org /tengrianism.htm (7211 words)

	Osmanlı Tarihi Kültürü Medeniyeti Edebiyatı Sanatı
		During Turkic mass-migrations in the 9th through 12th centuries, the Oghuz were among the indigenous Turks of Central Asia who migrated towards western Asia and eastern Europe via Transoxiana.
		The "Oghuz Turk branch" or "western Turk branch" is one of the traditional six branches of the modern Turkic peoples.
		The "Oghuz branch" is a geographical and historical designation, not a separate ethnic term since the Turkic peoples of the world share the same ethnic roots.
	www.osmanlimedeniyeti.com /wiki/Oghuz_Turks_.html (2029 words)

	Turkic
		The Turkic pastoral tribes that later became the Yakut, Khakass, Kirghiz, Tuvinians, Nogai (Qazaq), and Altai appeared in Central Asia around 2000 B.C. Prior to that, these tribes had left their settlements between the Dnieper and Don rivers (see map 1) and embarked on a slow, eastward migration across the unpopulated steppe of present-day Kazakhstan.
		The fact of their continued presence may be confirmed by the occurrence of Turkic loan words in Latin and Greek (see comparative wordlist and map 3).
		Certain of the Kipchaks were caught by other Turkic tribes (mainly the Nogai) as they returned to Eastern Europe with the Mongols in the 13th century.
	www.geocities.com /valentyn_ua/Turkic.html (546 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The earliest linguistic records are Old Turkic inscriptions, found near the Orhon River in Mongolia and the Yenisey River valley in south-central Russia, which date from the 8th century AD.
		The Arabic script was generally used by all Turkic peoples writing Turkic languages until the early 1920s, when the Latin script began to be introduced to the Turkic peoples of the Soviet Union.
		The Turkic languages mostly lack subordinative conjunctions and relative pronouns, using verbal nouns, participles, and converbs instead.
	www.sabawoon.com /afghanpedia/Languages.Turkic.shtm (614 words)

	«THE TATAR GAZETTE»
		Since most Turkic nations are Islamic, all the negative stereotypes of fundamentalist Islamic intolerance and violence are inevitably projected onto the Turkic peoples, despite the fact that most individual Turks are either secular or adhere to peaceful and inoffensive interpretations of Islam.
		Yet another source of turkophobia is the government-sponsored propaganda within the states that either border on Turkic countries or have Turkic minorities in their midst.
		For example, the public must be educated about past historic events, the religious practices and beliefs of the Turkic peoples, and the present state of cultural and intellectual life in the Turkic nations.
	tatargazeta.tripod.com /eng_098.html (660 words)

	AllRefer.com - Turkic (Language And Linguistics) - Encyclopedia
		Turkish, the official language of Turkey, is the most important of these tongues and has the largest number of speakers, some 50 million, chiefly in Turkey.
		The Turkic languages have been assigned to various groupings, an acceptable arrangement being the division into Southern (Turkish, Azerbaijani, Turkmen, and Chuvash), Eastern (Uzbek and Uigur), and Western (Kyrgyz, Kazakh, Tatar, and others).
		After 1939, however, the Turkic-speaking peoples in the republics of the former USSR used modified versions of the Cyrillic alphabet.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/Turkic.html (411 words)

	DOOR RUG CURTAINS OF TURKIC PEOPLES OF CENTRAL ASIA AND CAUCASUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In ancient Turkic Orkhon inscriptions the earth is pictured as a space bordered with the four sides having four angles.
		We consider it to be a ret7ection of ancient Turks' cosmological ideas on the existence of three worlds, their interlink and the possibility of transition from one to another.
		According to the ancient Turkic inscriptions in the honour of Bilge-kagan and Kul-tegin, in the very beginning "the blue skyworld roof' and "the brown earth" were created, and then "human sons" emerged between them.
	www.akmb.gov.tr /turkce/books/turkkong4-2/tk4-2-15_nekrasova.htm (1761 words)

	The Overlook Press
		For centuries, Muslim lands were ruled by Turkic dynasties like the Moguls who conquered India, the Safavids who laid the foundations of modern Iran and the Ottomans whose five-century-long empire encompassed Turkey, the Balkans and the Middle East.
		Turkic ascendancy was slowly broken in the past two centuries by the rising power of Europe, Russia and China, turning Turkic populations into refugees or unloved provinces of others' empires.
		The most powerful and best-established Turkic nation, Turkey, hemmed in for half of the 20th century by its role as a front-line guardian of NATO, has emerged as the most democratic Muslim country and is now negotiating for full membership of the European Union.
	www.overlookpress.com /book.php?ISBN=1-58567-641-1 (819 words)

	Azerbaijan - History
		The people of Azerbaijan are the heirs of ancient civilizations such as Sumer, Elam, Aratta, Urartu, Mannai, Media and Caucasian Albania and are the descendants of various bodies of Turkic peoples, especially the Oghuz Turks who, in the tenth century, set the national foundation of modern Azerbaijan.
		The influence of ancient peoples and civilizations including the Sumerians and Elamites came to a crossroads in the territory of Azerbaijan, and their ancient and distinct cultures still symbolize parts of Azerbaijan's modern character.
		Byzantine sources of the mid 6th century refer to the "settlement of Khazar Turks" on the left bank of the Kura river, and Moisey Khaghankatli, a historian from pre-Islamic Azerbaijan referred to a "Hun state" on the left bank of the Kura River in the 7th century.
	www.azerbaijan-tourism.com /History-3.html (3213 words)

	Translation, Interpreting, Localization, DTP: Russian to English Sample Translation
		The Association of Turkic and Caucasian Peoples of Estonia (TKREA) is planning to hold an International Scientific Conference on “Role of Turkic and Caucasian Diaspora of Estonia in the Process of Eurointegration” in Tallinn, Estonia, on November 18-19, 2003.
		There are representatives of peoples in Estonia, which normally stick to three cultural and psychological orientations in their everyday behavior – Western (mainly Estonians), Russian (mainly peoples speaking East Slavic languages), and Turkic and Caucasian.
		Subjects of the statements at the Conference should be related to disclosure of peculiarities of mentality of the Turkic and Caucasian peoples in their interaction with other national communities both in Western Europe and Russia as well as in CIS and Baltic countries.
	www.translator4you.com /as/russian-to-english-sample-translation.html (845 words)

	Islamic Spirituality in Turkic Oral Epics :: K. Reichl << Central Asia and Culture of Peace
		One of the most cherished treasures of the cultural world of the Turkic peoples of Central Asia is their oral epic poetry.
		Among the Turkic peoples living in Central Asia, Turkmens, Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Uighur and many smatters groups, there is great variety in their oral poetry in general and their oral epics in particular.
		In the heroic epics of the Turkic peoples of Central Asia the hero and his companions are frequently involved in hostile encounters with the Mongolian Kalmucks.
	www.asiajournal.to.kg /en/issues/1999/01/reichl.html (747 words)

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