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Topic: Turkish Federated State of Northern Cyprus

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	Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) (Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti) or Turkish Cypriot State (Turkish: Kıbrıs Türk Devleti) is a break-away de facto state in the northern third of the island of Cyprus.
		Turkish Cypriots were opposed to the proposal since it relegated their status to a minority, instead of co-founders of the state, whilst also removing their community’s constitutional safeguards.
		The UDI of the TRNC was rejected by the UN and the Republic of Cyprus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus (3504 words)

	Politics of the TRNC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Politics of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the Prime Minister head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system.
		From 1975 to 2005, the President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was Rauf Denktaş.
		Turkish Cypriots favour a federation of two nearly autonomous societies living side by side with limited contact, and allowing Turkish migrants to stay, while Greek Cypriots envision a more integrated structure, and requiring the Turkish migrants to leave the island.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Cyprus (1104 words)

	Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus :: www.trncgov.com :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1975, the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus was established and hands of friendship was extended to the Greek Cypriot side in the hope that they would establish their own, separate federated state and reach a settlement.
		On November 15, 1983, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was founded as a formal expression of statehood.
		Separating the Greek and the Turkish states is a buffer zone under UN authority.
	www.trncgov.com /cyprusissue_background7.htm (203 words)

	Cyprus - Developments Since 1974
		The de facto partition of Cyprus resulting from the Turkish invasion, or intervention, as the Turks preferred to call their military action, caused much suffering in addition to the thousands of dead, many of whom were unaccounted for even years later.
		Turkish Cypriots did not do as well, but, working against an international embargo imposed by the Republic of Cyprus and benefiting from extensive Turkish aid, they managed to ensure a decent standard of living for all members of their community--a standard of living, in fact, that was higher than that of Turkey.
		In 1975 the "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus" was proclaimed.
	countrystudies.us /cyprus/16.htm (728 words)

	Footnotes to History- N and O
		Ngatik- In late 1836, the British whaler Falcon ran aground on the island of Ponape in the Federated States of Micronesia.
		Northern Caucasus, Soviet Republic of the- The Soviet Republic of the Northern Caucasus was founded on July 5, 1918.
		In February of 1975, the Turkish Federated State of Northern Cyprus was declared.
	www.buckyogi.com /footnotes/natno.htm (3631 words)

	History of Cyprus
		Republic of Cyprus and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
		Turkish Cypriots, who form 18% of the population, are guaranteed vice-presidency, three out of ten ministerial posts and 30% of jobs in the public service, 40% in the army and separate municipal services in the five major towns.
		Cyprus as a whole joins the EU on 1 May but the EU acquis is suspended in the occupied north.
	www.mlahanas.de /Cyprus/History/HistoryOfCyprus.html (1961 words)

	Europe and Central Asia 2001
		Cyprus' capital, Nicosia, sits in the middle of the island and is divided into two halves, one controlled by the internationally recognized Greek Cypriot authorities and the other by the Turkish government in Ankara.
		The daily Avrupa, based in northern Cyprus, is known for its aggressive reporting on Rauf Denktash, leader of the northern Cypriot regime, senior politicians in Ankara, and Turkish military officials based on the island.
		In November, northern Cypriot authorities prevented a group of cartoonists from crossing the buffer zone dividing the island on their way to a joint exhibition of Greek and Turkish Cypriot cartoonists in the Greek sector of Nicosia, according to Huseyin Cakmak, president of the Turkish Cypriot Cartoonists' Association.
	www.cpj.org /attacks01/europe01/cyprus.html (787 words)

	Independent Media Center \| www.indymedia.org \| ((( i ))) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cyprus is the third largest island, after Sicily and Sardinia, in the Mediterranean Sea with an area of 3,572 square miles.
		On November 15, 1983 the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was proclaimed by the unanimous vote of the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus’ Legislative Assembly.
		Greek Cypriote and Turkish Cypriote alternate presidency, when Turkish Cypriotes are 13% of the island's population, as well as the reimbursment of Greek Cypriote refugees for their property--however, the "reimbursment" is paid at the market value at the time of the invasion and must be paid by Greek Cypriote government.
	www.indymedia.org /en/2004/11/865097.shtml (1443 words)

	Cyprus Island Homes: Chronological History
		Cyprus is annexed by Britain when Ottoman Empire enters into the World War I on the side of Germany; subsequently the island becomes a British Crown colony and under the British rule.
		Foundation of the Republic of Cyprus (by the Turkish and Greel Cypriot communities).
		Coup d'etat by the Greek army officers stationed on the island to overthrow the President (Makarios) with the aim of uniting the island with Greece; subsequent Turkish Military intervention (under the provisions of the Treaty of Guarantee of the Republic of Cyprus).
	www.cyprusislandhomes.com /CHRONOLOGICAL_HISTORY_OF_C.HTM (440 words)

	CYPRUS
		Its predecessor from 1975 to 1983 was the Turkish Federative State of North Cyprus.
		Although TRNC institutions are not recognised internationally, the President-elect of the TRNC is recognised as the negotiatinig representative of the Turkish Cypriot community.
		According to Brigadier Francis Henn, former Chief of Staff, UN Force in Cyprus, the Turkish Cypriots were "besieged" and "56,000 members of the community had been deprived [by the Greek Cypriots authorities] of their normal means of subsistence".
	www.solarnavigator.net /geography/cyprus.htm (1963 words)

	New Page 3
		The Turkish minority echoed Ankara's demand that either the island be returned to Turkey, which had ceded it to Benjamin Disraeli during the Ottoman period as part of his triumphant campaign to secure the Suez Canal for Britain, or else partition it 50/50 between Turkey and Greece.
		It was particularly active in forcing Turkish Cypriots to leave their villages and move into enclaves in the north, often smuggled inside UN trucks driven by British peacekeepers (see debate in the Cyprus House of Representatives).
		In the aftermath of the Turkish invasion the UN Secretary-General was mandated by the Security Council to use the Secretariat’s “good offices” machinery to remedy the situation and to reunify Cyprus, in accordance with the UN Charter and specific resolutions as well as the norms and principles of international law.
	www.ifestos.edu.gr /28.htm (6639 words)

	Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Republic of Cyprus was proclaimed on 16 August 1960 as a compromise solution between the Greek and Turkish communities of the island.
		According to the Constitution, the Greek community (82% of the population of Cyprus) elected the President of the Republic, Archbishop Makarios III (1913-1977), whereas the Turkish community (18% of the population of the island), elected the Vice-President of the Republic, Fazil Küçük.
		The date on the coat of arms is the year of foundation of the state and de facto loss of authority by the government of Republic of Cyprus on the northern part of the island.
	fotw.vexillum.com /flags/cy-trnc.html (1294 words)

	Government - Cyprus - Middle East: president turkey, cyprus government, federated state, cypriot turkish, government ...
		In theory the government of Cyprus is based on a 1960 constitution that apportioned power between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities according to their relative populations.
		In 1975 the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus was established in northern Cyprus; its constitution (1975), as amended, provides for a popularly elected president, a 50-member unicameral legislative assembly, and a system of independent courts.
		The Turkish sector in November 1983 unilaterally declared itself to be the independent Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, although the United Nations (UN) has refused to recognize the state.
	www.countriesquest.com /middle_east/cyprus/government.htm (177 words)

	CYPRUS PROBLEM: Destruction of the Cultural Identity of the Occupied Area
		On August 14 the Turkish plan was completed with the second assault that culminated with the occupation of 37% of Cyprus.
		The report (August 9)from the Cyprus Director of Antiquities on the recent looting or desecration of the mosaics in the church of Panayia Kanakaria in the Turkish occupied north of Cyprus has reopened the debate on the fate of churches, monasteries and mosques on that unhappy island.
		In Turkish Cyprus there was large scale damage to churches in the immediate aftermath of the 1974 intervention.
	www.hri.org /Cyprus/Cyprus_Problem/destruction2.html (1999 words)

	Cyprus History: 1983 Declaration of TRNC and aftermath
		On November 1983, the Parliament of the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus proclaimed the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC, or simply North Cyprus).
		The Security Council of the UN met on 17 and 18 November and adopted Resolution 541 which described the attempt to create TRNC as `legally invalid', called for the withdrawal of the Declaration of Independence, and asked all countries not to recognise the new republic.
		But only the Greek-Cypriot state is recognised by international and regional organisations such as those of the UN and the EU.
	www.cypnet.com /.ncyprus/history/trnc (409 words)

	Cyprus Government and Politics - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		In February 1975, the provisional Turkish Cypriot administration declared itself the "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus" ("TFSC"), although it stated its intention to move toward a federal solution with the Greek Cypriots and pledged not to seek recognition as an independent state.
		Leadership of the Turkish Cypriot community has remained since 1974 in the hands of Rauf Denktas, elected president of the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" ("TFSC") in July 1975 and reelected in 1981.
		In 1985, under a new constitution in the newly formed "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus" ("TRNC"), Denktas again won at the polls, by a margin of 70.4 percent, and in April 1990 received 67.1 percent of the vote, defeating two opponents.
	www.photius.com /countries/cyprus/government/cyprus_government_government_and_polit~7650.html (781 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Cyprus, 1974-1989
		The Turkish invasion of 1974 had created a Turkish-occupied and administrated zone on the island's northern half, covering 38 % of the island, including most of the fertile Mesaora Plain, half of the capital Nicosia (in Turkish called Lefkosha) and the port of Famagusta, home of Cyprus' large merchant shipping fleet.
		Economically, Northern Cyprus stagnates, the diplomatic isolation being a major obstacle to economic debelopment.
		The economy of unoccupied Cyprus responded to the opportunities arising from the sudden wealth of oil-producing states in the Near East, serving this expanding market.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/asmin/cyprus197489.html (959 words)

	BBC News \| Analysis \| Cyprus: a bitter history
		Cyprus became a Republic in 1960, and its constitution was established by the Zurich Agreement (1960).
		An invasion by Turkish troops followed effectively partitioning the island with the northern third inhabited by Turkish-Cypriots and the southern two-thirds by Greek Cypriots.
		In February 1975, the Turks announced the establishment of the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus, of which their leader Rauf Denktash became president.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/analysis/135861.stm (631 words)

	CYPRUS PROBLEM: Brief Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cyprus is a small island in the eastern part of the Mediterranean sea.
		Currently, 22 years later, 30,000 Turkish troops are stationed on the occupied part of the island making it "one of the most highly militarized areas in the world", according to the June 1994 report of the UN Secretary General to the Security Council.
		The UN Security Council in Resolution 939/1994 clearly "reiterates that the maintenance of the status quo is unacceptable" and "reaffirms its position that a Cyprus settlement must be based on a State of Cyprus with a single sovereignty and international personality and a single citizenship".
	www.kypros.org /Cyprus_Problem/overview.html (836 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Cyprus, 1960-1974
		After episodic ethnic pogroms, the CYPRUS TREATY was signed in August 1960, according to which Cyprus was released into independence, and the island republic's CONSTITUTION guaranteed protection to the island's Turkish minority, the constitution again guaranteed by the signatories - Greece, Turkey and Britain.
		A sector on Northern Cyprus was occupied, where the "TURKISH FEDERATED STATE OF NORTHERN CYPRUS" was established.
		Foundation of the Republic of Cyprus (1960), from the North Cyprus Homepage Breakdown of the 1960 constitution (in 1963), from the North Cyprus Homepage Turkish Invasion of 1974, from North Cyprus Homepage
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/asmin/cyprus196074.html (598 words)

	Northern (Turkish) Cyprus Gay Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Northern Cyprus is as beautiful as the South of the island.
		Under the separate constitution adopted by Turkish Cyprus 1985, there is a president, council of ministers, and legislature similar to that in the south.
		The Turkish Cypriots offered to hand back about 4% of the 35% of the territory they controlled and to resettle 40,000 of the 200,000 refugees who had fled to the north, but stalemate was reached on a constitutional settlement.
	turkeygayguide.tripod.com /cyprus.html (1073 words)

	North Cyprus: People & Life - Osman Örek (1925-1999)
		Born in Nicosia in 1925, Örek graduated from Istanbul University Faculty of Law in 1949 and later became Barrister-at-Law at London's Middle Teple Inn in 1952.
		He continued his post until 1976, when he was elected as member of parliament for Nicosia (National Unity Party, UBP) in the newly established Turkish Federated State of Cyprus.
		Upon the declaration of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, he served as a constituent member of the new parliament, responsible for writing its new constitution.
	www.cypnet.co.uk /ncyprus/people/famous/ppl-osmanorek.htm (291 words)

	Cyprus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Independence from the UK was approved in 1960, with constitutional guarantees by the Greek Cypriot majority to the Turkish Cypriot minority.
		In 1974, a Greek-sponsored attempt to seize the government was met by military intervention from Turkey, which soon controlled almost 40% of the island.
		In 1983, the Turkish-held area declared itself the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," but it is recognized only by Turkey.
	www.vdiest.nl /Asia/cyprus.htm (289 words)

	Cyprus History through the Ages
		Cyprus is annexed by Britain when Ottoman Empire enters into the World War I on the side of Germany; subsequently the island becomes a
		stationed on the island to overthrow the President (Makarios) with the aim of uniting the island with Greece; subsequent Turkish Military intervention (under the provisions of the Treaty of Guarantee of the Republic of Cyprus)
		The 'Republic of Cyprus' (effectively the Greek-Cypriot South Cyprus) applied for full membership to the EU on 4th July 1990.
	www.cypnet.co.uk /ncyprus/history/index.html (515 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| Cyprus: How the crisis unfolded
		Turkish Cypriots occupied the northern third, while the Greek Cypriot community held the southern sector.
		On 13 August, Turkish Foreign Minister Turan Gunes presented an amended plan calling for the respective enclaves to be divided into cantons, and demanded an immediate response.
		In February 1975, the Turks announced the establishment of the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus, with Turkish Cypriot leader Rauf Denktash becoming president.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/1760565.stm (651 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On July 20 1974, Turkey invaded Cyprus claiming to the international community that it was undertaking a "peace operation", but in fact committing a flagrant aggression against the Republic of Cyprus, an independent, sovereign state.
		The few thousand Greek Cypriots who remained in their homes in the Turkish occupied areas were gradually forced to flee to the free areas of Cyprus, while their homes were given by Turkey to the more than 100.000 Turkish settlers illegally brought from mainland Turkey.
		The Turkish occupation forces have been enforcing a deliberate policy against the cultural heritage of the island and have been attempting to eradicate all testimony to the 9000-year-old Greek Cypriot history.
	www.hr-action.org /action/july74.html (712 words)

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