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	Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ): Turkish Foreign Policy And Jerusalem: Toward A Societal Construction Of Foreign Policy
		Turkish foreign policy makers took a balanced approach towards the Arab-Israeli conflict and aimed to adopt an independent, flexible, and diversified approach to the conflict.
		Given our focus on Turkish foreign policy toward the Palestinians, it is important to analyze Turkish policy behavior to Jerusalem in the wider context of Turkish foreign policy throughout the cold war period, which followed a dual track policy, switching back and forth between realpolitik and political sentimentality.
		The bureaucratic-authoritarian Turkish foreign policy tradition internalized Cold-War policy modes and Turkish foreign policy makers paid the utmost attention not to contradict the dictates of the Western world as it sought to retain its role in and allegiance to the rising constellation in Cold war politics.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2501/is_4_22/ai_72118641/pg_6 (1520 words)

	Foreign relations of Turkey - from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
		It was hoped that full membership would follow in the years to come, although the turbulent in the country from the 1970s until the late 1980s meant that it was 1987 when Turkey formally applied to join what had become the European Community.
		A NATO headquarters is located in Izmir, and the United States has maintained air forces at a Turkish base called Incirlik that is located near the Mediterranean city of Adana.
		A Turkish Federated State - what later became the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) - was unilaterally declared on the island in 1975, and the UN Green Line has split the two sides ever since.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Turkey (931 words)

	Editorial - Voice of Ataturk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		One may assume from his references to foreign policy, and from his foreign relations, that he did at least prepare an outline of guidelines for the foreign ministry, leaving the latter to cope with developments on the international scene.
		Independence, sovereignty, and integrity, and devotion to defense are foreign policy objectives common to all countries; for Turkey, which was at that time emerging as a national state following the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and a struggle for survival against foreign invaders, these objectives became particularly significant.
		Indeed, Turkish foreign policy makers during the period under review went out of their way to provide the Soviets with the feeling of security in the Black Sea and the Caucasus and on other issues in order to avoid any pretext for complaints.
	www.ataturksociety.org /asa/voa/policy.html (2000 words)

	TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY
		The policies of the 1950s were accepted as mistakes not to be repeated so that the so called new Turkish foreign policy towards the Middle East, drafted in the mid-1960s, was intended to become a continuity in negation.
		he so-called new Turkish foreign policy, drafted in the mid-1960s as a result of these discussions and considerations, was expected to correct mistakes committed during the 1950s that were blamed for the deterioration of relations with the Middle East which, in return, caused Turkey's isolation in the region and alienation at the UN concerning Cyprus.
		In this sense Turkey's new foreign policy can be considered to have become successful: Without changing the basic tenets of their foreign policy, Turkish policymakers were able to pull the Middle East states to their side -to the extent that was possible.
	meria.idc.ac.il /journal/1997/issue1/jv1n1a3.html (4859 words)

	Strategic Insights -- Book Review - Suits and Uniforms: Turkish Foreign Policy Since the Cold War, by Philip Robins
		By illuminating the roles and priorities of the various players in Turkish international relations, he encourages the reader to view Turkish foreign policy efficacy as a function of the relationships among political parties, prime and foreign ministers, the foreign ministry bureaucracy, and the military.
		The ultimate lesson of historical memory for Turkish foreign policy makers is "to be suspicious, especially of their neighbors" (135) with even the US and NATO allies proving not entirely trustworthy.
		Since it uses examples of Turkish foreign relations to prove analytical points rather than first presenting a broad narrative on which subsequent analysis is based, one might miss the real comprehensiveness of the book's coverage and emerge with an incomplete grasp of the course of Turkey's global foreign relations.
	www.ccc.nps.navy.mil /si/2004/apr/salmoniRvApr04.asp (1770 words)

	Turkish Foreign Policy - from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
		Search for Turkish Foreign Policy in other articles.
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	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turkish_Foreign_Policy (131 words)

	TWO PROCESSES IN TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY: INTEGRATION AND ISOLATION
		When the TGNA [Turkish Grand National Assembly] suspended in March 1994 the representation in the Parliament of the DEP deputies and the State Security Court jailed some of them for long periods in December 1994, the Europeans were quick to make interventions in the political and legal process in Turkey.
		Foreign Minister Ýnönü replied that "the EP decision was based on misinformation...I do not take this decision seriously at all." In reaction to the military restrictions imposed on Turkey, Turkey retaliated symmetrically.
		The Turkish public opinion is now divided into several camps, two of which advocate very contrasting orientations in foreign policy: integrationists vis a vis nationalists.
	www.fpi.hacettepe.edu.tr /Articles/ramazan.html (5501 words)

	Turkish Foreign Policy
		The period of the pursuit of an enhanced, personalised foreign policy is most closely identified with Turgut Ozal, who was Turkish prime minister between 1983 and 1989 and president of the republic between 1989 and his death in 1993.
		Turkish foreign policy may have been low key and unadventurous during this period, and certainly eschewed the grand initiatives of the Ozal period, but, with instability and even conflict all around, this ‘softly, softly’ approach was the perfect antidote to the tumultuous conditions of the day.
		Her interventions in foreign affairs were to remain limited due to the necessities of constant maneuvering at the domestic political level just to retain power, her grasp on office appearing precarious from June 1993 through to as late as September 1995.
	www.biu.ac.il /SOC/besa/publications/mfa3.html (6794 words)

	EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight - Turkish Foreign Policy in the Post-Soviet Space
		This type of cautious policy was encapsulated in the Ataturk’s famous dictum "Peace at home, peace in the world." Kemalism and the character of the Turkish state have also had an isolating effect on Ankara’s relations with its neighbors — the Arab world, and arguably with Europe.
		Traditionally, Turkey’s foreign policy was shaped by the narrow group of political figures, state bureaucrats and military top brass.
		To be sure, the basic tenets of Turkish foreign policy remain pro-Western, but Turkey’s position at the edge of the Western world requires it to maintain a separate identity with a definable role in the Caucasus, Central Asia and the Middle East.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/insight/articles/eav122302.shtml (1544 words)

	FOREIGN POLICY
		The distinguishing traits of Turkish foreign policy are that it is realistic, consistent, credible, and based on a national consensus.
		Turkish companies are currently involved in a wide range of investment projects in Central Asia and Azerbaijan, worth nearly 6.5 billion US dollars.
		Notwithstanding this fact, as a consequence of the multi-dimensional character of its foreign policy, Turkey attributes great importance to further its relations and enhancing its cooperation in all fields with the Islamic countries.
	www.byegm.gov.tr /REFERENCES/ForeignPolicy99.htm (6282 words)

	Turkish Foreign Policy 2004
		The main objective of Turkish foreign and domestic policy is to provide the Turkish nation with the highest political, economic, and social standards of our age, and to render, as we proceed on our path towards this goal, peace as the norm in international relations.
		From this perspective, Turkish foreign policy aims at formulating a new collective vision for the period that lies ahead on the basis of this trend, that it rose from its past historical experience and the normative transformation required by the age we live in.
		Through peaceful foreign policy in favor of cooperation and collaboration that it perceives, Turkey helps the countries in its region to feel secure and encourages them to open up to the world at large and to remain within the scope of international law in their actions.
	www.turkishembassy.com /II/O/ErdoganForeignPoliciy2004.htm (4734 words)

	TRANSFORMATION OF TURKISH POLICY
		In November, the Turkish government's decision to override domestic public opinion and respect the European Court of Human Rights' call for not executing Ocalan was seen in the EU as a sign of the government's commitment to reform.
		The Turkish military preferred to receive U.S. cooperation in dismantling the PKK and the fact that this did not happen became another source of tension both between the United States and Turkey as well as between the Turkish security establishment and the government.
		A good example of Turkish foreign policy evolving towards a more "Kantian" or "Europeanized" approach to foreign policy is the manner in which the crisis of Turkey's veto over the use of NATO capabilities for European security force operations was finally resolved in November 2001.
	meria.idc.ac.il /journal/2004/issue1/jv8n1a4.html (6912 words)

	Turks.US Daily News - Turkish Foreign Policy in 2003 Daily News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Although Ankara has always hot foreign policy issues that it has to deal with primarily because of its geography, because of the war on the other side of the border it lived through a much harder period last year.
		But, Turkish decision-makers, to a certain extent influenced by the opposition of majority of Turkish public to the war, did not approve passage of US soldiers and chose the second option.
		Although Cyprus has been an important foreign policy problem in Ankara since mid-1950s, both because of UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan's plan and the fact that deadline for Southern Cyprus is coming nearer, the issue has always been on the agenda in 2003.
	www.turks.us /article.php?story=2004011209180236 (1352 words)

	Turkish Foreign Policy in Post Cold War Era
		At the same time, effects of economic crises and domestic developments on foreign policy, Turkish model in Turkish foreign policy, water conflict and Kurdish problem are analyzed as well.
		Yüzyilin Esiginde Türk Dis Politikasi (Turkish Foreign Policy at the Threshold of the 21.
		Yüzyilda Türk Dis Politikasi (Turkish Foreign Policy in the 21.
	www.brownwalker.com /book.php?method=ISBN&book=1581124236 (578 words)

	Turkish Policy Quarterly
		Turkish Policy Quarterly (TPQ) provides an international forum for practitioners, opinion leaders and researchers on Turkey's foreign policy, international relations and economics.
		The journal is intended for expert advisors, researchers, practitioners, professional groups, government, institutions, business connected with policy making and a general audience of individuals with interest in Turkey's foreign policy and economics.
		Turkish Policy Quarterly is produced under the editorial sponsorship of ARI Movement.
	www.turkishpolicy.com (97 words)

	Turkish Foreign Policy-A La Turc
		Until the militaristic Turks became all - powerful militarily - thanks to the United States, their foreign policy was not considered that "artistic." When direct and unequivocal pressure was put upon the Turks, they backed down.
		In both domestic politics and foreign policy, the rhetoric Turks use is very different from the practices applied by the contemporary world and the accustomed international diplomatic standards.
		In our contemporary world, nations attempt to solve their problems through the use of diplomatic means and respectful language; this is "politics." Threatening language used by the Turks is outdated, and it is the type of language used only by dictatorial and militaristic regimes.
	www.greece.org /themis/action_press/turkfp.htm (929 words)

	RAND \| Books & Publications \| Online Publications by Category: International Affairs
		U.S. policy toward Colombia has been driven to a large extent by counter-narcotics considerations, but the evolving situation in that South American country confronts the United States with as much of a national security as a drug policy problem.
		A series of essays on the global economy, U.S. economy and foreign policy, and Asian economics and politics, which appeared in prominent newspapers and journals from 1996 to 2002.
		Examines the social and economic development policies enacted by Israel, the Philippines, and the United Kingdom to inhibit a resurgence of terrorism within their jurisdictions, with the aim of informing U.S. decisionmakers as they develop policy to counter terrorism.
	www.rand.org /publications/electronic/interpol.html (9477 words)

	Roundtable: Kemal Kirisci and Bulent Aras, "Four Questions on Recent Turkish Politics and Foreign Policy"
		It is hard to believe that any future Turkish government will expect success or will really put as much priority, prestige, and as many assets in an effort to gain entry into Europe in the way that has happened in the past.
		One of the foreign policy projects that the previous government led by the Islamist Refah party launched was to lead the formation of the D-8 group of countries made up of large Muslim countries.
		From the Turkish perspective, close relations with Israel may provide easier access to Israeli technology and know-how, and most importantly may serve to Turkish security concerns i.e upgrading weaponry systems and monitoring PKK attempts.
	meria.idc.ac.il /journal/1998/issue1/jv2n1a6.html (3653 words)

	UW Press: Search Books in Print
		He sheds insight on all important aspects of Turkish foreign policy and light on some which are a little obscure.
		But foreign policy of course heavily depends on domestic considerations, and Robins understands them very well indeed in the case of Turkey, and he convincingly relates them to the formulation and execution of foreign policy, no mean feat.
		Foreign policy as a symbol of Islamist revisionism
	www.washington.edu /uwpress/search/books/ROBTUR.html (646 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| Annan Cyprus plan sets press ablaze
		Turkish Cypriot papers were pleased with the plan and wanted a "yes" vote in their own plebiscite, although one urged a degree of caution.
		Our [Turkish Cypriot] people should know that launching a yes campaign and eulogizing the unseen fourth plan is nothing but defeatism, and as such should not be taken in by the propaganda of lies.
		The Turkish side has also had some objections to this [latest version], but the Greek Cypriots are objecting to nearly all of it.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/3586405.stm (651 words)

	YÜCEL GÜÇLÜ: The Basic Principles and Practices of the Turkish Foreign Policy under Atatürk (pp.949-968) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The basic foreign policy of Turkey under Atatürk was one of friendship with all its neighbours and non-involvement in Great Power politics.
		Another aspect of Turkish foreign policy was the Balkan Entente of 1934 to guard against aggression in the region.
		Regaining of Turkish sovereignty over the Straits at the Montreux Conference and winning back of the district of Hatay were among the most important successes of the Turkish diplomacy under Atatürk's auspices.
	www.ttk.gov.tr /yayinlar/belleten241j.htm (220 words)

	AllRefer.com - Sulayman I (Turkish And Ottoman History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		John's death in 1540 and the accession of John II were pretexts for the outright annexation of Hungary (except for Transylvania and the section held by Ferdinand) to the Ottoman Empire.
		In 1536, Sulayman entered a formal alliance with Francis I of France against the house of Hapsburg; this alliance remained the basis of Turkish foreign policy for more than three centuries.
		Although Sulayman's vassal Barbarossa made the Turkish fleet the terror of the Mediterranean, Sulayman was, on the whole, unsuccessful in his naval warfare against Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and against Venice.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Sulaymn1.html (549 words)

	Tufts Turkish Student Associaton
		The young Turkish State had won a great victory in the War of Independence, but the heart of its foreign policy was in the now-famous phrase, "Peace at home, peace in the world." Atatürk had this to say on the subject: "War should be a necessity.
		Indeed, the longest period of peace in Turkish history is embraced by the years of the Republic.
		Until the death of Atatürk in 1938, the goals of foreign policy were:
	ase.tufts.edu /tsa/ataturk5.htm (211 words)

	Military Review: Turkish Foreign Policy in an Age of Uncertainty
		TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY IN AN AGE OF UNCERTAINTY, F. Stephen Larrabee and Ian O. Lesser, Santa Monica, CA, RAND (National Security Research Division), 2003, 217 pages, $24.00.
		Turkish Foreign Policy in an Age of Uncertainty, which is an excellent introduction to the complexities of Turkish foreign relations, begins with themes and definitions necessary for any analysis of Turkey's foreign relations.
		Throughout the book, the authors stress the importance of internal factors, including Islamist political parties and their potential effects on the secular Turkish state, Turkey's troubled economy, its orientation toward Europe, and its national cohesion, given its large Kurdish population.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0PBZ/is_5_84/ai_n6252075 (445 words)

	Foreign Policy Institute - Dış Politika Enstitüsü (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Turkish Foreign Policy Institute organized a roundtable on July 1st, 2005 on Turkey's neighbouring regions at the 4th METU Conference on International Relations.
		The Turkish Foreign Policy Institute and the Luxembourg Institute for European and International Studies had organized a conference on "Turkey and the European Union: 2004 and Beyond".
		Foreign Policy Institute has published a book under the title "Contemporary Issues in International Politics-Essay in Honour of Seyfi Tashan" in 153 pages.
	www.foreignpolicy.org.tr (932 words)

	Foreign Affairs - Home
		Foreign nations' negative image of this country ranked number three.
		These and other findings, released jointly by Public Agenda and Foreign Affairs magazine, are part of the new Public Agenda Confidence in U.S. Foreign Policy Index.
		Learn more about foreign policy in the second Bush administration at the Council on Foreign Relations Transition 2005 Web site.
	www.foreignaffairs.org (618 words)

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