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Topic: Turkish General Staff

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The Bad Seed

Kadeem Hardison

	NATO Who's who?: ChoD Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		General Ísmaíl Hakki Karadayi was born in Çankiri in 1932.
		General Karadayi was assigned as the Commander of the 1st Army on 1 January 1991 and was assigned as the Commander of the Turkish Land Forces on 30 August 1993.
		General Karadayi was appointed as the Chief of Turkish General Staff as of 30 August 1994.
	www.shape.nato.int /cv/chod/tu/karadayi.htm (250 words)

	Erickson1
		The Turkish position on the matter is that the Armenians were actively engaged in terrorism and in outright insurrection beginning in April 1915.
		Additionally disturbing to the military staffs at all levels was an increasing recognition that thousands of Armenian citizens were deliberately leaving their homes in Ottoman territory and traveling into Russian held territory with most of their earthly possessions.
		On April 24, 1915, Enver Pasa in his capacity as the chief of the Turkish General Staff issued an important directive that noted that the Armenians posed a great danger to the war effort, particularly in eastern Anatolia and outlined a plan to evacuate the Armenian population from the region.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /~fisher/hst373/readings/Erickson1.html (4885 words)

	Biography of Commander
		Lieutenant General Köksal KARABAY was born in Artvin, in 1946.
		Lieutenant General Ergin SAYGUN was born in 1946, in İSTANBUL.
		Between 1991 and 1992, he was appointed as the Secretary of the General Staff of the Turkish Land Forces (Col) and then was assigned as the Commander of the 50 KTKA in 1992.
	www.hrf.tu.nato.int /bio1.htm (757 words)

	Turkish Land Forces - Kara Kuvvetleri Komutan
		The chief of the General Staff is appointed by the president upon nomination by the Council of Ministers and is responsible to the prime minister in the exercise of his duties.
		The Turkish General Staff headquarters is administered by the deputy chief of the General Staff, who is responsible for preparing directives representing orders emanating from the General Staff, and for assuring their proper implementation.
		The Turkish representative to NATO and the Turkish military representative to the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) are both attached to the office of the deputy chief of the General Staff.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/europe/tu-tsk.htm (553 words)

	The Near East and the First World War: Turkish Army Prepares For War
		For the Turkish General Staff and for the Turkish Army, 1914 was supposed to be year devoted to the rebuilding of an army shattered by war.
		The reorganization of Turkish forces in 1914 was comprehensive and was designed to redeploy the army into its pre-Balkan War garrison locations and also to rebuild the divisional and corps base of the army.
		Altogether, 14 of 36 Turkish infantry divisions organized in August 1914 were in the process of being rebuilt from scratch, and eight divisions of the 36 had conducted a major redeployment within the year.
	www.worldwar1.com /neareast/ta.htm (2304 words)

	U.S.-Turkish Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		By the summer of 2002, the Turkish General Staff had realised that the US-led military campaign was inevitable and that Turkey was bound to participate.
		The General Staff therefore planned to dispatch forces to the north of Iraq to secure the US forces on their advance to Baghdad.
		Turkey's General Staff, however, deferred giving any commitment to the US in order to guarantee concessions from Washington, including aid and military equipment, and to obtain a commitment that Iraq would remain a united state after the regime change.
	www.siyassa.org.eg /esiyassa/AHRAM/2003/7/1/REPO2.HTM (1193 words)

	NATO Who's who?: CHoD Turkey - General Hilmi Ozkok
		General Hilmi ÖZKÖK became the 24th Commander of the Turkish Armed Forces on 28 August 2002 for a four-year term.
		According to the Turkish Constitution, he is responsible to the Prime Minister; in peacetime, he serves as the Commander of the Turkish Armed Forces.
		General Hilmi ÖZKÖK was born in Turgutlu, Manisa in 1940.
	www.nato.int /cv/chod/tu/ozkok.htm (429 words)

	ThePlevnaDelay
		General Michael Skobeleff of the 11th Corps was assigned to reconnoiter in strength and try to dislodge the Turks from Lovatz (modem name, Lovech), which is located about 20 miles south of Plevna on the Osma River.
		Turkish reports stated that this cannonade was totally ineffective and caused virtually no casualties or irreparable damage to their positions.
		General Stroukoff had been sent to bring up a full division of grenadiers, and at his timely arrival with these reinforcements, the Russians regained their composure and did not yield any more terrain to the now weary Turks.
	www.militaryrifles.com /Turkey/Plevna/ThePlevnaDelay.html (5279 words)

	Turks.US Daily News: Chief of Turkish General Staff visits Genocide Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Chief of the Turkish General Staff Hilmi Ozkok visited the Genocide Museum in Jerusalem where he had arrived Wednesday to pay 2-day official visit as a guest of his Israeli counterpart Moshe Yaalon.
		Turkish General signed the memory book as writing, "this visit became a shock experience for me. It is imposibble to understand that how a humanbeing can torture another one.
		Major General Hilmi Özkök is to gather with Israeli President Moshe Katsav on Thursday before his talks with Israeli Defense Minister Shaul Mofaz and his meeting with senior officers.
	www.turks.us /article.php?story=20030703104333403&mode=print (196 words)

	NATO Who's who?: MilRep Turkey
		Lieutenant General Ergin SAYGUN was born in 1946, in Istanbul.
		After his promotion he was appointed to the Turkish Military Representation at NATO in Brussels as a staff officer between 1982 and 1985, and served as military assistant to Chief of Turkish General Staff TU (Lt.Col.) between 1985 and 1987 respectively.
		Between 1991 and 1992, he was appointed as the Secretary of the General Staff of the Turkish Land Forces and then assigned as the Regiment Commander to 50KTKA in 1992.
	www.nato.int /cv/milrep/tu/saygun.htm (404 words)

	ipedia.com: Governments' pre-war positions on invasion of Iraq Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Turkish General Staff stated that this move was in light of recent developments and did not indicate an attack was imminent.
		In January 2003, the Turkish foreign minister, Yasar Yakis, said he was examining documents from the time of the Ottoman Empire to determine whether Turkey had a claim to the oil fields around the northern Iraqi cities of Mosul and Kirkuk.
		General Pervez Musharraf faced already fierce opposition of his mostly Muslim population for his support of the U.S. campaign in Afghanistan.
	www.ipedia.com /governments__pre_war_positions_on_invasion_of_iraq.html (3575 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The issues reveal the nature of the struggle between the general staff, backed by the majority of Turks who are secularists, and the Islamist government led by Erbakan and supported by an increasingly vocal and growing minority of religious activists.
		The generals engaged in direct intervention in the Turkish political process to remove Erbakan and Ciller from office but, unlike previous "interventions" in the 1960s, 70s, and in 1980, this one may have lacked as broad a consensus and may underscore how illusory Ataturk's reforms are for a growing number of Turks.
		If the Turkish General Staff continues its pattern of intervening in the political process, it will expect U.S. support; the generals are unlikely to heed warnings that their actions place Turkey's fragile democracy at risk.
	www.ndu.edu /inss/strforum/SF121/forum121.html (2018 words)

	Turkey Year of Living Dangerously (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The intervention by the Turkish military in June 1997, its fourth since 1960, was the first to stop short of a direct takeover of the government.
		The General Staff stepped up its campaign in February 1998 when it announced a series of demands outlining what was permissible and what was banned to protect the security of the state and the legacy of secularism as defined by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, founder of the modern Turkish Republic in the 1920s.
		The Turkish General Staff sees Israel as a source of military hardware to modernize its armed forces, weapons and system upgrades, should they be denied if the United States were to reimpose an arms embargo.
	www.ndu.edu /inss/strforum/SF155/forum155.html (2648 words)

	Turkey Warns of Plan to Invade Iraq
		They said the General Staff has urged approval from the government of Prime Minister Recep Erdogan and discussed the proposed invasion with the United States.
		The General Staff has been particularly alarmed by the reported Kurdish effort to drive out ethnic Turks from Kirkuk, the oil capital of northern Iraq and long claimed by Ankara.
		Officials said the General Staff has sought to prepare two army divisions to cross the Iraqi border within 18 hours of any approval of the operation.
	www.aina.org /news/20041112005328.htm (480 words)

	JINSA Online -- Turkey and Israel to Cooperate on Security
		A briefing on the region was given by General Çevik Bir, Deputy Chief of the Turkish General Staff, at a meeting in early March with JINSA leaders, advisors, and alumni of JINSA's military trip to Israel.
		It was widely reported that the Turkish government was not pleased by reports that the Israeli government would insist upon major Syrian military redeployment as part of its demands for a Golan withdrawal.
		The Turkish General Staff sees a Russian attempt to create a ring of client states out of the CIS states on Russia's periphery held together by economic desperation.
	www.jinsa.org /articles/view.html?documentid=281 (1043 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The cooperation agreement was signed by the deputy chief of the Bulgarian general staff, Gen. Petko Prokopiyev, and the deputy chief of the Turkish general staff, Gen. Cevik Bir, who was invited to Sofia by his counterpart.
		Bir, commenting on Turkish troops who flew to Bosnia on Thursday, said that Turkey's aim was to provide peace and security in the region where it has international peacekeeping duties.
		The Turkish Land Forces' chief of staff, Gen. Dogu Aktulga, and Bosnia-Herzagovina's ambassador to Ankara, Hayrettin Somun, also participated in the sending off ceremony, The reinforcement contingent's equipment and vehicles are being sent on a ship scheduled to arrive in Split sometime in the early hours of Friday morning.
	www.b-info.com /places/Bulgaria/news/96-01/jan26.tdn (377 words)

	JINSA Online -- JINSA Jackson Award Dinner, October 25, 1999
		He held higher positions both in NATO and within the Turkish Army, was promoted to Major General in 1987 after which he held increasingly important positions in the Turkish military, and was promoted to Lt. Gen.
		General Bir was promoted to full general in 1995 and was appointed Deputy Chief of Staff of the Turkish General Staff serving in that position until 1998 when he became commander of the First Army stationed in Istanbul.
		During his years with the Turkish General's Staff General Bir was the architect of the extraordinary relationship which has developed between Turkey and Israel working with his Israeli counterpart retired Major General David Ivry, the Director General of Israel's Ministry of Defense.
	www.jinsa.org /about/programs/1999/annualdinner/steinmann-bir.html (1127 words)

	JINSA Online -- Deputy Chief of Turkish General Staff Discusses Cooperation with JINSA, April 28, 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Edip Baser, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces, made a strong case for closer cooperation with the United States in a late April meeting with JINSA board members and invited guests in Washington, D.C. Lt. Gen.
		Turkish forces are being restructured to meet current threats, Gen. Baser said, which puts a high priority to the acquisition of attack helicopters - the most important of a raft of defense acquisition plans.
		Also, a unit of Turkish Air Force F-16 fighters participated in the air war and was the only allied air units capable of conducting night operations with the U.S. Air Force.
	www.jinsa.org /articles/view.html?documentid=952 (734 words)

	The Armenian Genocide - Vahakn Dadrian
		The inordinate endurance of the Turkish army in the face of enormous handicaps, such as the scarcity of a host of indispensable resources, an antiquated system of roads, a wholly inadequate transportation set-up, and widespread epidemics among the recruits that nearly crippled the force structure of that army.
		Rather, the reader is informed that author Erickson had to rely on a Turkish "translator and researcher." Furthermore, he states that he benefited from the consultations and help offered to him by the director of the Turkish General Staff's Archives and several high-ranking Turkish officers in Ankara.
		The chapter on the Armenians is dotted with numerous citations from the documents taken from the repositories of the Turkish General Staff Archives.
	ermeni.org /english/vdadrian_erickson.htm (4234 words)

	NATO Who's who?: MilRep Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In 1975, he was assigned to the Operations and Plans Division of the Turkish General Staff as a project officer.
		Between 1980-1983, he served as a staff officer in Plans and Policy Division of NATO Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) Belgium, after which he was appointed as Secretary General of the headquarters staff of Turkish Land Forces Command for one year.
		Upon his promotion to Major General on 30 August 1992, he was reassigned to the headquarters on the Turkish General Staff as Chief of Strategy and Force Planning Division.
	www.shape.nato.int /cv/milrep/tu/ataman-e.htm (400 words)

	[No title]
		After several months of debate and revision, various government departments including the Turkish General Staff — the nation’s top military command — agreed on the legislation, which will be submitted to the parliament in the coming months, officials here said.
		Government officials familiar with the plan said things were held up by a dispute between the general staff and the Turkish Air Force over who would have primary responsibility for running the space program.
		Ozkok said the general staff asked the air force to devise a "space concept" in line with Turkey’s military and civilian requirements.
	www.space.com /spacenews/archive03/turkeyarch_060303.html (699 words)

	264.htm
		Pakize Eris, Secretary General of the Association of Solidarity and Fraternity with the Immigrants (Göc-Der) was detained by the police officers who raided her house in Esenler, Istanbul on 15 August.
		Turkish journalist Nadire Mater, who is standing trial for "insulting" the powerful Turkish military in a book of interviews with former conscripts who fought in the civil conflict in southeastern Turkey, presented her defense before a four-judge panel at the Beyoglu criminal court in Istanbul.
		Turkish officials complained to Microsoft about the article's use of the word "genocide" and asked that the article be toned down - a request that Encarta editors initially passed on to the article's authors.
	www.info-turk.be /264.htm (17459 words)

	Turkey's Professional Military Education (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Whether by design or accident, it is fitting that Turkey’s highest military schools, the Turkish Combined War Colleges, are entrenched high on a hill in the northern section of this strategically situated city—the crossroads of East and West.
		The course emphasized strategy, tactics, and staff duties at the Turkish General Staff and theater-of-operations level, military culture, and social sciences.
		Emphasis is placed on tactics and staff duties at the armed forces command level, on military culture (military geography, history of war), and on social sciences (law, economics, and political history).
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/aureview/1972/may-jun/susskind.html (1487 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Region \| Chip off the old block
		The warnings came in the wake of the death from cancer at the age of 62 of Admiral Guven Erkaya, the former head of the Turkish navy who had played a key role in the process that led to the toppling of the country's only Islamist-led government in 1997.
		Last Tuesday, as Erkaya was buried according to Muslim tradition, the Turkish General Staff not only banned all Islamist journalists from covering the funeral but issued a statement accusing them of publishing "treachery and lies" and trying to flen the reputation of the armed forces in order to create a state based on Sharia law.
		Speaking at a ceremony to mark the anniversary of the foundation of the Turkish army, Land Forces Commander General Atilla Ates accused neighbouring countries of supporting Islamist militants in an attempt to overthrow Turkey's secular constitution.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2000/489/re7.htm (606 words)

	Turkish Press Review, 97-04-29
		The General Staff has launched a number of briefings in a move to furnish the Turkish public with details about Turco-Greek disagreements and the PKK terrorist organization.
		Deputy chiefs of general staff of 12 countries, which are members of Partnership for Peace (PFP) and have applied for NATO membership, visited Deputy Chief of General Staff General Cevik Bir yesterday.
		Bir said that the aim of the meeting was to convey the experiences of the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) gained in NATO to the representatives of the countries which applied for membership to NATO.
	www.hri.org /news/turkey/trkpr/1997/97-04-29.trkpr.html (996 words)

	Turkish General Staff Says Ocalan Can Only Meet His Lawyers Within Scope Of Defense Right
		ANKARA - Turkish Deputy Chief of General Staff Gen. Ilker Basbug said on Tuesday that Abdullah Ocalan, head of the terrorist organization, could only meet his lawyers within the framework of defense right.
		Basbug, in a press briefing today in Ankara, said that Ocalan was sending instructions to the terrorist organization through his lawyers, and noted, ''he will naturally meet his lawyers, but it should be within the framework of defense right.
		The (April 24th) simultaneous referenda held in TRNC and Greek Cypriot side confirmed that there were two nations in the island, and one did not have the authority to represent the other, Basbug stated.
	www.turkishpress.com /news.asp?ID=32626 (341 words)

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