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Topic: Turkish Navy

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	Greco-Turkish War - LoveToKnow 1911
		The Turkish navy, an important factor in the war of 1877-7 8, had become paralytic ten years later, and the Greek squadron held complete command of the sea.
		Expeditionary forces directed against the Turkish line of communications might have influenced the course of the campaign; but for such work the Greeks were quite unprepared, and beyond bombarding one or two insignificant ports on the coast-line, and aiding the transport of troops from Athens to Volo, the navy practically accomplished nothing.
		On 27th April a Turkish reconnaissance on Velestino was repulsed, and further fighting occurred on the 29th and 30th, in which the Greeks under Colonel Smolenski held their own.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Greco-Turkish_War (1637 words)

	KYPROS-NET - OCCUPIED CYPRUS 1974 - TURKISH INVASION
		The graphic and most beautiful ancient Greek town of Kyrenia as it was seen by the Turkish pilots the morning of 20 July 1974 when the air-raids of the Turkish air-force against Cyprus began.
		Turkish air-force and Turkish NAVY overwhelmed the forces of the Cyprus National Guard inflicting constant air-raids and heavy naval coastal bombardments.
		At 05:30 Saturday 20 July 1974 the Turkish air-force bombed and destroyed the 256 Infantry Regiment of the Cyprus National Guard at Glykiotissa, the 190 Light Artillery Regiment at Acheropoiitos Greek Orthodox Monastery, the 182 Heavy Artillery Regiment of Bosporos, as well as all the military installations along the Kyrenia northern coastline at Panagra.
	www.kypros.org /Occupied_Cyprus/cyprus1974/turkish_invasion.htm (2048 words)

	Nusret : A Story of Turkish Minelayer Ship
		Mersin is a Turkish city on the east-southern coast of Turkey, Magosa is a city of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
		Some of the remains from her were being displayed at Navy Museum, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey : a rudder cabinet, a machine telegram, searchlight, 1/50 plan of Nusret and her model, her awards, and a picture of her commander, Kd.
		Turkish Ministry of Culture gave the ownership rights of Nusret to municipality of Tarsus on January 21, 2002 [11,12,13].
	www.iit.edu /~agunsal/canakkale/nusret/nusret.html (1500 words)

	Turkish Navy, World War 1
		In 1914, the main concern of the Turkish Navy was maintaining a balance of power with the Greeks with whom relations were very tense.
		By then the only modern additions to the Turkish Navy were the German battlecruiser 'Goeben' (right - sister ship 'Moltke') and light cruiser 'Breslau', which having escaped from the British Navy in August 1914, were nominally transferred to Turkey although largely retaining their German crews.
		A major loss for the small Turkish Navy, most of her crew were rescued by the torpedo boats, but there were 14 men.
	www.naval-history.net /WW1NavyTurkish.htm (2560 words)

	Turkish Navy Submarine Escape Training Tank - SETT
		SETT is a subunit of Turkish Navy Submarine Training Centre.
		Because of the importance of human life, it has been the policy of the Turkish Navy to train all submariners in a realistic environment to get the capability of escaping from a disabled submarine.
		Turkish Navy SETT is also a training oppurtunity for foreign national submariners from different navies.
	www.dzkk.tsk.mil.tr /sck/WEBENGLISH/sckenglish.htm (142 words)

	Turkish Navy Web Mail Sitesi
		The Turkish Republic, now thirty years old, was founded on the remains of another Turkish state, the Ottoman Empire (1299-1923).
		To secure Turkish domination over the Black Sea and the Mediterranean she had to possess naval strength, which she did.
		To get the upper hand on the Mediterranean, the Turkish forces had to fight against the Venetians, the Genoese, their usual ally the Knights of St. John, and the Spanish.
	www.turkishnavy.com /piri_reis_map.htm (601 words)

	Turkish Naval Ships, Ottoman Empire
		History of the Turkish Navy, from the Osmanieh class Broadside Ironclads of the Ottoman Empire to the Turkish naval ships of today's Navy.
		As a result of the Treaty of Sevres the Turkish Navy was scaled down to a coastal defence force.
		Turkish marines were traditionally used to mount the guard at the naval arsenal.
	www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk /turkish_navy.htm (1626 words)

	Cyprus: Invasion Timeline
		Turkish aircraft depart to begin a new bombing campaign, the objective of which is the prevention of further Hellenic reinforcements from reaching the bewildered Turkish troops on the beachhead and Pentadaktilo.
		Its mission is the conquest of Kyrenia and the merging of the beachhead position with the Agyrta-Lefkosia enclave prior to the implementation of the cease-fire.
		The Turkish Air Force hastily bombards the city to prevent such a development, which results in the death of numerous civilians and UN personnel.
	www.hellas.org /cyprus/timeline.htm (2668 words)

	NWCR article, Summer 1998: Golda (Site not responding. Last check: )
		With the downsizing of the U.S. Navy and the probability of further reductions in defense funding, it is reasonable to assume that the Navy of the future will be constrained in the resources it can bring to bear in a littoral operation.
		The effectiveness of the German and Turkish defense of the Dardanelles was determined by a collection of critical factors, the concrete and intangible strengths and weaknesses of their force.
		The Turkish defenders endured more than 250,000 casualties, but they had prevailed: their commander, Mustafa Kemal, was acclaimed as "the Savior of Gallipoli" and in 1922 became the first president of the Turkish Republic.
	www.nwc.navy.mil /press/Review/1998/summer/art6su98.htm (6357 words)

	Turkish army - All About Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Turkish Armed Forces missions and responsibilities are clearly stated in the Constitution and determined by laws as to react against new security problems and crises in the new century, to be ready to face the uncertainties, and to ensure the security of Turkey against internal and external risks.
		Turkish Land Forces are composed by; 4 field armies, 10 army corps, 2 mechanized infantry division, 2 mechanized infantry division headquarters (tactical), 1 infantry division and 1 training division, 14 mechanized infantry brigades, 14 armored brigades, 12 infantry/regional security brigades, 5 commando brigades, and 5 training brigades.
		Turkish Air Forces are composed by; 19 combat squadrons, 2 reconnaissance squadrons, 5 training squadrons, 6 transportation squadrons, 1 tanker squadron, and 8 surface to air missile (SAM) squadrons.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /army.htm (1713 words)

	Chronology. Three ages of Russian Navy.
		Navy and Admiralty Orders were abolished due to establishing of the Navy Office.
		The Navy Forces in the South of Russia were named as the Black Sea Navy.
		The medal "For courage in the Ochakov waters" was instituted in honor of victory of Russian rowing flotilla of Ochakov.
	www.navy.ru /history/kron-e.htm (2309 words)

	Turkish navy in 1803 -- NAVAL WARFARE IN THE AGE OF SAIL 1650-1815 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Turkish navy in 1803 -- NAVAL WARFARE IN THE AGE OF SAIL 1650-1815
		It was decided to have the Baltic fleet comparable to Swedish + Danisn navies, and the Black sea fleet — to the Turkish navy.
		Seddulbahir rated in Turkish navy as 76-gunner, when captured by admiral Seniavin at the battle of Afon (1807), was armed with 90 guns of 42, 22 and 12 pdrs; 774 PoW (battle losses — 230 kiled, 160 wounded).
	www.voy.com /39735/2/2369.html (191 words)

	Avalanche Press
		Turkish planners saw two potential threats: an Italian attempt to re-assert claims to the province of Antalya adjacent to the Dodecanese Islands, and renewed war with Greece.
		She began a refit at Izmit, the new Turkish naval base on the south shore of the Sea of Marmora, and the work soon bogged down in cost overruns and technical problems.
		The Royal Navy balked at selling them, as the government had just committed itself to a new, smaller type of cruiser (8,500 tons) in the 1936 Second London Treaty, and these would be the last cruisers allowed under the old 10,000-ton displacement.
	www.avalanchepress.com /TurkishNavy.php (1570 words)

	HELLENIC NAVY - HISTORY
		The major representative of the navy's resistant democratic action was the so-called "movement of the navy" which was not executed and managed to severely damage the military regime and to force it to reverse its plans.
		The role of the Navy as well as the importance of the geopolitical position of the country were emphasized in the recent gulf crisis during which in the Naval base of Souda 97 ships were conserved and 13000 tones of material where loaded and unloaded.
		Finally the presence of the navy in the islands and especially in those of the eastern Aegean sea and the area of Corfu is constant.
	www.hellenicnavy.gr /history_en.asp (3312 words)

	Guvenc1- temp
		Turkish Navy was shaped under the influence of a set of domestic and internal factors including internal power struggle, Turkish military culture, interservice relations and lack of funds, rivalry with Greece and international power configuration and arms trade system of the interwar years in general.
		Inevitably, the Turkish submarines were to be used in training of new generation of German submariners particularly during the trials at Rotterdam.
		Turkish General Staff later admitted to the British that until 1939 “no offensive plans had been made against the Russians as their attitude had been friendly.” PRO ADM1/9992 NID 02286/MO87/40 (15 December 1939).
	www.ijnhonline.org /volume1_number1_Apr02/article_guvenc_turkey_navy.doc.htm (5556 words)

	Navy League of the United States - Citizens in Support of the Sea Services
		Currently, the Navy is calling for the delivery of the first unit by 2008, which coincides with the planned decommissioning of the first Pondicherry-class minesweeper.
		The Egyptian Navy submarine force, as well as the majority of its major surface combatant and FAC force, falls outside the limited funding of FMS, forcing the sea service to look for the best financial deals, which include the used market.
		By the end of June, the Indian Navy was expected to issue a request for tender (RfT) for up to 20 new helicopters to replace its aging fleet of AugustaWestland Sea King helicopters.
	www.navyleague.org /sea_power/jul_04_44.php (1028 words)

	Navy League of the United States - Citizens in Support of the Sea Services
		In late August 2003, the Singaporean Navy requested that the three bidders in its naval helicopter program submit their final offers so a decision on a preferred supplier could be made by early 2004.
		The Indian Navy is considering the procurement of some U.S. Navy P-3 Orion aircraft to fulfill long-range maritime patrol duties.
		In September 2003, the Indian Navy reportedly received a detailed presentation of the P-3's capabilities as one of its options to modernize its maritime patrol aircraft, consisting of several Russian-built IL-38s, some of which have been lost in recent years due to accidents.
	www.navyleague.org /sea_power/nov_03_43.php (1687 words)

	Turkish Navy - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Branch of Turkish Military, Turkish Navy can participate in international operations and exercises beyond Mediterranean Sea.
		The Turkish Navy is second strongest in Europe, after the British Royal Navy.
		The structure of the Turkish Navy consists of...
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Turkish_Navy (163 words)

	The Turkish Times/Local
		Fatma Aydin Tucker of the Turkish American Association of Louisiana was recognized by the Turkish-American community for her leadership in the proclamation effort.
		She is a member of the Turkish national Sailing Team, holds titles in windsurfing, water skiing, alpine skiing, snowboarding.
		Cemal was the first Turkish man to raech the North Pole, he is also a wildlife photographer and has been a mountain guide for 15 years.
	www.theturkishtimes.com /archive/02/05_01/local.html (1337 words)

	Turkish Navy selects Raytheon-led team to support modernization of combat management system
		Worth $17 million, the competitively bid contract may be expanded to include an additional two FFG-7 frigates expected to be transferred to Turkey from the U.S. Navy during 2002.
		Under the contract, the Raytheon team will provide integration and weapon systems support to complete the development of the Turkish Navy's GENESIS Combat Management System, which will be developed by the Turkish Navy Research and Development Command.
		In addition to the Turkish Navy customer, Raytheon is partnered with the Naval Surface Warfare Center and Northrop Grumman PRB Associates, Inc. The upgrades will be performed at multiple sites in the United States and Turkey.
	www.raytheon.com /newsroom/briefs/051302.html (338 words)

	Kocatepe
		In 1974, the USS Norris was transferred to the Turkish Navy as "spare parts," to be used by the Turkish Navy to provide replacements for the other ships of her class which were transferred at the same time.
		The Norris/Kocatepe had completed fifty years of service in the navies of the United States and Turkey when she was decommissioned for the final time, an honorable record by any standard.
		On 22 July 1974, a tragic military blunder occurred during the brief conflict on Cyprus, in which a Turkish plane or planes, bombed and sank a Turkish destroyer mistaken for part of an invading force from Greece.
	www.homestead.com /ussnorris/Kocatepe.html (474 words)

	Nishan-i-Imtiaz conferred on chief of Turkish Navy -DAWN - National; 22 September, 2004
		Admiral Ornek has played a vital role in expanding cooperation between the two navies, which has further strengthened the bonds of friendship between the two countries.
		The acting president congratulated the admiral and appreciated his endeavours for strengthening ties between the naval forces of the two countries.
		MEETS RAO: The Turkish naval chief during a meeting with Senior Minister Rao Sikandar Iqbal said that both Pakistan and Turkey enjoyed excellent relationship.
	www.dawn.com /2004/09/22/nat18.htm (277 words)

	Turkish navy moves to evacuate nationals from Beirut
		Turkish navy moves to evacuate nationals from Beirut
		BEIRUT - Hundreds of Turkish nationals joined the exodus from the Lebanese capital Beirut Monday, boarding a ferry supplied by the Turkish navy to carry them to safety.
		Twelve hundred Turkish citizens left stranded in Lebanon due to the ongoing Israel attacks, will be evacuated from Beirut on the ferry Iskenderun.
	www.ntvmsnbc.com /news/380556.asp (199 words)

	People's Daily Online -- Turkish navy confirms to dispatch frigate to Lebanon on Friday (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Turkish Naval Forces Command confirmed on Thursday that a frigate TCG Gaziantep would leave for Lebanon Friday to join the Naval Forces Command of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL).
		But the navy statement gave the number of the first batch of the Turkish peacekeepers to 222, saying that 19 officers and 203 non-commissioned officers and privates are assigned on board the TCG Gaziantep frigate which has a Sea Hawk helicopter.
		The Turkish contribution is expected to be around 1,000 troops, but details, including the definite number and the area of deployment, have not been finalized.
	english.peopledaily.com.cn /200610/06/eng20061006_309451.html (261 words)

	People's Daily Online -- Turkish navy confirms to dispatch frigate to Lebanon on Friday (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Turkish Naval Forces Command confirmed on Thursday that a frigate TCG Gaziantep would leave for Lebanon Friday to join the Naval Forces Command of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL).
		But the navy statement gave the number of the first batch of the Turkish peacekeepers to 222, saying that 19 officers and 203 non-commissioned officers and privates are assigned on board the TCG Gaziantep frigate which has a Sea Hawk helicopter.
		The Turkish contribution is expected to be around 1,000 troops, but details, including the definite number and the area of deployment, have not been finalized.
	english.people.com.cn /200610/06/eng20061006_309451.html (261 words)

	The sailing Navy epoch — The second part of the XVIII century: History reference : History of Russian Navy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The period of flourishing of the sailing Navy began at the end of 18th century and continued till the middle of the 19th century.
		It is difficult to foresee the Navy development if in the second half of the 18th century hadn't decided that the exit to the Black sea was necessary to keep the southern borders safe from Turkish and Tartar attacks and to solve other acute problems in the South.
		On the 26th at night the enemy's Navy was attacked, broken down, burnt, destroyed, sent to the sky, drowned, turned to ashes: and now we are prevailing in the Achipelago.
	www.strelna.ru /en/navy/04.htm (1113 words)

	Document: New Planetarium for Turkish Navy
		Enthusiasm was written all over the officers' faces at the Turkish Navy's Istanbul post when they took possession of their new ZEISS SKYMASTER ZKP 4 planetarium.
		The Navy's navigation instructors particularly like the comprehensive way SKYMASTER ZKP 4 assists the training of astronomical navigation: This small planetarium not only shows all celestial coordinates and the nautical triangle but also makes them automatically track the motions of the celestial bodies.
		SKYMASTER ZKP 4 is one of the very latest products developed by ZEISS, and the unit for the Turkish Navy is the first one installed at a customer's site.
	www.zeiss.com /C12567B00038CD75/ContentsWWWIntern/ECAE5A6CFAD4CEF4C12570E10046B72D (317 words)

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