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Topic: Turkish alphabet

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	Turkish Language - Turkish Alphabet
		The Turkish Alphabet was changed from Ottoman script to a Latin based script soon after the Turkish Republic was declared.
		Turkish does not as a rule allow two vowels to occur together - there are exceptions of course - but mostly in foreign imported words.
		The Turkish Un-dotted letter I is to be found at the normal letter I position on the English QWERTY keyboard layout.
	www.turkishlanguage.co.uk /alphabet.htm (1707 words)

	Turkish alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The current 29-letter Turkish alphabet, used for the Turkish language, was established by law in Turkey on November 1, 1928 (Yazım Kılavuzu).
		Replacing the earlier Arabic alphabet, it was created from Latin characters at the initiative of Kemal Atatürk.
		The earliest known Turkish alphabet is the Orkhon script.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turkish_alphabet (343 words)

	Ataturk’s reforms - All About Turkey
		Thus, pure Turkish survived primarily as the language of the illiterate and generally was not used in writing.
		Secularism or laicism (Laiklik in Turkish) was one of the "Six Arrows" of Atatürk's blueprint for modern Turkey; these founding principles of the republic, usually referred to as Atatürkism or Kemalism, were the basis for many of the early republican reforms.
		In 1932, for example, the government's determination that Turkish be used in the call to prayer from the minarets was not well accepted and in 1934 it returned to the Arabic version of the call to prayer.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /reform.htm (3200 words)

	Turkish Language
		Accordingly, the Turkish alphabet is designed for the easiest phonetic description: For instance, to describe the sound of "ch" as in "chalk", in Turkish alphabet there is the letter of "c" with a cedilla, a dot under the letter "c".
		In Turkish you simply put a cedilla under the letter "s" and that new letter is one of the 29 letters of the Turkish alphabet.
		Turkish is an agglutinative language, meaning a fairly large number of affixes in Turkish may be added to the root; each affix has one meaning or grammatical function and retains its form more or less unaffected by the morphemes surrounding it.
	www.bigglook.com /biggtraveleng/infotips/language.asp (1330 words)

	TURKISH AMERICANS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Turkish, a Uralic-Altaic language, is spoken by 90 percent of the Turkish population.
		The Turkish alphabet does not have a "w" or an "x," and additional sounds are symbolized by an "i" without a dot on its top, a "g," an "o" and a "u" with an accent, and an "s" and a "c" with a tail symbolizing "sh" and "ch," respectively.
		Turkish babies are often born with a Mongolian spot, a darker area of skin pigmentation usually found at or near the sacrum that should not to be confused with bruising.
	www-unix.oit.umass.edu /~efhayes/turkish.htm (13573 words)

	Turkish Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Turkish, is the official language of the country, that is related to the Uralic-Altaic languages spoken across from Finland to China.
		Turkish coffee (kahve), a thick brew served in small cups, is served with nearly every meal.
		Turkish painters today are striving to find their own art forms, free from Western influence.
	www.geocities.com /resats/culture.html (3521 words)

	ipedia.com: Turkish language Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Turkish is a member of the Turkic family of languages, which includes Balkan Gagauz Turkish, Gagauz, and Khorosani Turkish in addition to Turkish.
		Turkish is the official language of Turkey and of Cyprus.
		Turkish is written using a modified version of the Latin alphabet, which was introduced in 1928 by Kemal Atatürk as part of his efforts to modernize Turkey.
	www.ipedia.com /turkish_language.html (359 words)

	Internationalizing Turkish: Dotted and Dotless Turkish Letter "I"
		Turkish is in the Ural-Altaic family of languages.
		Q, w, and x, the Latin letters that are not part of the Turkish alphabet may collate either after the letter z or in the locations according to English collation.
		Instead of the original case mapping of lower dotted i to upper dotless I, Turkish maps the lower dotted i to the new upper dotted İ, and the lower dotless ı to the upper dotless I. The change in the case rules for the letter i frequently breaks software logic.
	www.i18nguy.com /unicode/turkish-i18n.html (1211 words)

	Discover Turkey: LANGUAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Pure Turkish was used primarily by the lower class and illiterate.
		Ottoman Turkish, on the other hand, was the language of the educated elite, in both written and oral communications.
		The two basic elements of this language reform were the adoption of a new alphabet and the purification of the language.
	www.turkishnews.com /DiscoverTurkey/culture/language (481 words)

	Fundamental Turkish: Turkish alphabet and sounds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Turkish alphabet consists of 29 letters - 8 vowels and 21 consonants.
		Three letters of the English alphabet are missing in the Turkish alphabet.
		The letters of Turkish alphabet and the sounds associated with these are in the following table...
	www.turkishclass.com /basic_alphabet.htm (161 words)

	Turkish Alphabet and Language
		Turkish belongs to the Turkic branch of the Altaic language family.The earliest Turkic inscriptions date from the 7th century C.E. and Islamic texts written in Turkic appear in the 11th century.
		Turkish, the language of modern Turkey, is spoken by about 60 million people.
		Turkish formerly used the same alphabet as Arabic, but has been written in the Latin alphabet since 1928 as mentioned above; since 1940, Azeri and Uzbek have been written in Cyrillic but efforts are now under way to replace it with Latin.
	www.bigglook.com /biggtraveleng/infotips/language2.html (624 words)

	Language
		Turkish belongs to the Altaic branch of the Ural-Altaic family of languages, and thus is closely related to Mongolian, Manchu-Tungus, Korean, and perhaps Japanese.
		Turkish is a very ancient language, with a flawless phonetic, morphological and syntactic structure, and at the same time possesses a wealth of vocabulary.
		From the 16th to the middle of the 19th century, the Turkish used in science and literature was supplemented and enriched by the inclusion of foreign items under the influence of foreign cultures.
	www.ualr.edu /mxsarimollao/turkiye/language.htm (1855 words)

	alphabet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Turkish alphabet is composed of 29 letters (see table below).
		Turkish fonts installed on your system, and if you don't enable the Turkish character set (ISO-8859-9) in your browser, most probably you will not be viewing "ğ", "ı", and "ş" properly.
		Also note that, in Turkish, the upper case "i" is dotted, and the "I" is reserved for the capital of "dotless-i" (compare characters 11 and 12).
	www.turkishlingua.com /alphabet.html (247 words)

	Wikipedia:Turkish characters - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Turkish computers may use character set ISO 8859-9 ("Latin 5"), which is identical to Latin 1 except that the rarely-used Icelandic characters "eth", "thorn", and "y with acute accent" are replaced with the needed Turkish characters.
		If your system is using the Turkish 8859-9 set and ignoring the server instructions, these will appear as G-breve, I-dot, S-cedilla, g-breve, dotless-i, s-cedilla.
		Their incorrect appearance on older browsers such as Netscape may be acceptable in some situations, such as when an anglicized name is followed by a parenthesized Turkish equivalent as extra information not crucial to the article itself.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wikipedia:Turkish_characters (484 words)

	Turkish Translation Services - Turkish Translator. Translate Turkish to English
		Turkish is written with the Latin alphabet and is the language of 90 percent of the population in Turkey.
		The Turkish language is spread over a large geographical area in Europe and Asia; it is spoken in the Azeri, the Turkmen, the Tartar, the Uzbek, the Baskurti; the Hogay, the Kyrgyz, the Kazakh, the Yakuti, the Guvas, and other dialects.
		Turkish is the seventh most spoken and widespread language among the average of 4,000 languages spoken in the world today.
	www.translation-services-usa.com /turkish.shtml (743 words)

	Overview of the Turkish Language to Help You Learn Turkish
		Turkish is an important member of the Turkic language group which includes Gagauz, Azerbaijani, Turkmen, and Khorasan Turkic.
		Until 1928, five years after the founding of the Turkish Republic, Turkish was written in the Arabic script, due to the enormous Islamic influence on the area.
		One of the most distinctive characteristics of the Turkish language is agglutination: the practice of adding on multiple suffixes to word stems to indicate grammatical functions such as number, gender, or tense.
	www.transparent.com /languagepages/turkish/overview.htm (530 words)

	Turkish alphabets and pronunciation
		Turkish is a Turkic language with about 70 million speakers in Turkey and in 35 other countries, including Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Denmark, El Salvador, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Honduras, Iran, Iraq and Israel.
		Until 1928, Turkish was written with a version of the Perso-Arabic script known as the Ottoman Turkish script.
		The letters Q, X and W are not included in the official Turkish alphabet, but are used in foreign names.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/turkish.htm (263 words)

	Mystery of the Futhark Alphabet Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Futhark alphabet was used by the North European Germanic peoples (the Swedish, Norwegian and Danish) between the 3rd and 17th centuries A.D. About 3500 stone monuments in Europe, concentrated mostly in Sweden and Norway, are claimed to have been inscribed with this writing.
		My claim is that the alphabets of these monuments found in both Europe and the Central Asia have stemmed from a common origin in a very remote past.
		Then, it was only a natural development for the Turkish, and the Germanic tribes that, although in locations so far away from each other, they could seperately carry on with this heritage of writing.
	www.antalyaonline.net /futhark (226 words)

	Learn Turkish - Lesson 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Turkish dispenses with the characters q, w and x and has 6 extra characters of its own (ç, ğ, ı, ö, ş and ü).
		Turkish is a phonetic language - the pronounciation of the letters is more or less fixed.
		Turkish has both a dotted I (İi) I corresponding to the western I, and a dotless I (Iı).
	lavocah.org /turkce/alfabe.html (406 words)

	Turkish Lesson
		Just read the word in your own alphabet (in case it is the Latin one), you would nearly pronounce it perfect.
		Also the Turkish alphabet does not have the "x,q and w" letters.
		Turkish belongs to the Turkic branch of the Altaic language family.
	www.enjoyturkey.com /info/usefull_info/Turkish_Lesson.htm (867 words)

	Özel Ýlkbahar Ýlköðretim Okulu - BURSA
		The Arabic Alphabet is not convenient or adaptable to the sounds of the Turkish language, which is rich in vowels.
		He gave careful study to the various adoptions of the Latin alphabet which were in use for different languages, and the phonetic values given to its signs; then he began to adapt them to Turkish, after a conscientious analysis of the grammar, phonetics and peculiarities of the Turkish language.
		The new Turkish alphabet is easy to learn; a foreigner who learns the phonetic value of its letters can read Turkish perfectly in a very few days.
	www.kultur.k12.tr /kkbin/ilk/wty-pro/ilkbahar/web/Reformsedu.htm (1573 words)

	Conflicts on the expressions “Turkmen and Turkish”
		Then, a commission was set up in order to decide which alphabet would be used in the magazines and books and determine the education policy which was mentioned in the Turks cultural rights.
		That Turkish was ignored in the report was actually a warning about the measures which were used by Baas Supporters.
		That is to say, they would have to learn Turkish either by going to Turkey or by making use of their own facilities.
	www.ozturkler.com /data_english/0008/0008_08_71.htm (611 words)

	Turkish Language
		Turkish Language (TÜRKÇE) urkish is a suffix-based language which is pronounced as it is written.
		There are many words coming from French or English because Turkish was influenced by leading Turkish writers who learned French Culture and Literature very well.
		he Turkish alphabet was first introduced in 1928 by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk who is the founder of Turkish Republic.
	www.guideistanbul.net /turkce.htm (149 words)

	Turkish characters and pronunciation guide
		Modern Turkish is written in the Latin alphabet but it contains a number of characters that are not found in English.
		The pronunciation values of Turkish letters never change the way they frequently do in English: a letter or combination of letters always represents the same sound in Turkish.
		Ney, which is pronounced "neigh", is the Turkish word for a kind of reed-flute favored by Mevlevi dervishes.
	www.geocities.com /surnamei_vehbi/turkchars.html (463 words)

	OnlineTurkish.com - History of Turkish Language
		Turkish is a very ancient language and belongs to the Altaic branch of the Ural-Altaic family of languages.
		As one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, it is spoken by almost 65 million people in Turkey and over a large geographical area in Europe and Asia.
		It is spoken in Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uigur and some population in Cyprus (11.6%) Mongolia (1%), Iran (Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Turkish 1%) Iraq (10%).
	www.onlineturkish.com /history.asp (142 words)

	Bilkent News Interactive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Today, as in history, Turkish languages and dialects are spoken over a very large geographic area extending almost from the shores of the Pacific Ocean in the east to the Baltic Sea shores in the west; from the Ice Sea in the north to Gulf of Basra in the south.
		For example European languages have been and are still written in the Latin alphabet, Greek in the Greek alphabet, Slavic languages in the Cyrillic alphabet, Armenian in the Armenian alphabet.
		The reason why Turkish languages have been written in so many different alphabets might be due to the fact that Turkish people have spread over such a wide geographic area, as a result of migrations and conquest, and have consequently been part of many different civilisaitons, and been exposed to various religions and cultures.
	www.bilkent.edu.tr /~Bilnews/issue_7_3/3_turkish.html (354 words)

	Difficulties face Turkey's language reforms - Ummah.com
		Previously, only Turkish, Muslim names had been permitted for any babies born in the secular republic - a source of discomfort for both the country’s small non-Muslim community and for its large non-ethnic Turkish one.
		With guerrilla warfare raging between Kurdish fighters and the Turkish army during the 1980s and ‘90s, Ankara’s courts often saw parents’ desire to give their children Kurdish names as support for the militants.
		The Turkish alphabet - which uses Latin letters with several additional characters - was created in the 1920s by the republic’s founder, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.
	www.ummah.net /forum/showthread.php?t=26806 (967 words)

	Related Articles on Kurdish Language
		Nevertheless, an Arabic-based alphabet is not in itself a source of disadvantage for development of Kurdish literacy or literature.
		Firstly, the Turkish system is strange and rife with Kemalian innuendos, being a source of numerous mispronunciations and puzzlement to people proficient in any one of major European languages.
		Secondly, adoption of the Turkish norms for Kurdish alphabet would readily produce the erroneous and unwelcome impression of affinity between Kurdish and Turkish.
	www.kurdishacademy.org /english/articles/articles-004.html (622 words)

	Bilelim/Ogrenelim/Eglenelim (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Turkish is a very soft language, with many vowels; and is excellent for poems.
		The Turkish alphabet is based on the Latin alphabet, with a few variations.
		Notables from the Turkish kitchen: köfte (similar to - but much better than - burgers), kebap, dolma, börek, pide (like crust-stuffed pizza - only better), pilav (rice), yahni, güveç, the Greek moussaka (musaka), and imam bayildi (which literally means the imam fainted).
	www.rso.cornell.edu /tsa/Html/funfacts.html (1452 words)

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