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Topic: Turkmen SSR

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Communist Party of the Turkmen SSR

Anthem of Turkmen SSR

Uzbek SSR

Flag of Turkmen SSR

Azerbaijan SSR

Lithuanian SSR

Tadzhik SSR

National Anthems of the USSR and Union Republics

Anthem of Azerbaijan SSR

Georgian SSR

Kirghiz SSR

Russian SFSR

Latvian SSR

Armenian SSR

Soviet Republics

	Turkmenistan - Search View - MSN Encarta
		Turkmenistan was formerly the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
		The three largest Turkmen tribes are the Tekke in the central part of the country, the Ersary in the southeast, and the Yomud in the west.
		Turkmen poet Annasultan Kekilova, for example, was locked away in a mental asylum in 1971 for daring to criticize local party officials in her poetry.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761555783__1/Turkmenistan.html (5571 words)

	Turkmen SSR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Turkmen SSR (Turkmen: Türkmienistan Soviet Socialistik Riespublikasy) was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union until 1991 when it declared independence as Turkmenistan.
		It was initially established on August 7, 1921 as Turkmen Oblast of the Turkestan ASSR.
		The Communist Party of the Turkmen SSR was the ruling communist party of the Turkmen SSR, and a part of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
	libraryoflibrary.com /E_n_c_p_d_Turkmen_SSR.html (133 words)

	Uzbek SSR
		In 1930, the Uzbek SSR capital was relocated from Samarkand to Tashkent.
		In 1936, the Uzbek SSR was enlarged with the addition of the Karakalpak ASSR taken from the Kazakh SSR.
		Uzbek SSR was Sharaf Rashidov, head of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan from 1959 to 1983.
	libraryoflibrary.com /E_n_c_p_d_Uzbek_SSR.html (532 words)

	Turkmenistan by "Lonely Planet"
		The Turkmen SSR Inflamed particularly by Soviet attempts to settle the tribes and col-lectivise farming, Turkmen resistance continued and a guerrilla war raged until 1936.
		Turkmen are more likely to live in rural areas (only about a third live in towns and cities), with outsiders forming most of the urban population.
		The largest of the 100 or so Turkmen tribes are the Teke in the Ashghabat region, the Ersari in the southeast and the Yomud in the west, each distinguished by their dialect, style of clothing and jewellery, and the patterns woven into their carpets.
	chalt.8m.com /history.html (3694 words)

	Turkmenbashi, Turkmenistan - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		Born in Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan, and raised as an orphan, Niyazov was educated at the Polytechnic Institute in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
		In 1985 he became president of the Council of Ministers of the Turkmen SSR, and the first secretary of the Ashgabat City Committee of the Turkmen Communist Party.
		In December 1991 Niyazov arranged for the name of the Turkmen Communist Party to be changed to the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan, and he became its chairman.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /turkmenbashi.htm (608 words)

	Turkmenistan
		Because Turkmen tribes, most notably the Yomud, were in the military service of the Khivan khan, Russian forces undertook punitive raids against the Turkmen of Khorazm, in the process slaughtering hundreds and destroying their settlements.
		With the Turkmen defeat (which is now marked by the Turkmen as a national day of mourning and a symbol of national pride), the annexation of what is present-day Turkmenistan met with only weak resistance.
		Because the Turkmen generally were indifferent to the advent of Soviet rule in 1917, little revolutionary activity occurred in the region in the years that followed.
	faculty.oxy.edu /richmond/dwa278/turkmenistan.htm (3254 words)

	History
		In the 11th and 12th centuries, the main centers of Turkmen culture were at Khiva in the north (now in Uzbekistan) and at Merv in the south.
		Persians, Turkmen, and the khans fought for the scattered oases in southern Turkmenistan.
		After reclaiming the Turkmen SSR in 1932, Stalin executed thousands of Turkmenistan's Communist leaders—including the president and the premier—whom he accused of helping the nationalists.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/centralasia/turkmen-history.htm (2039 words)

	SoE Turkmenistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		When Turkmen lands became a part of Russia, a Trans-Caspian Sea region was formed which included the present territories of Mary, Akhal and Balkan vetayats of Turkmenistan.
		Both as a part of Russia or the former USSR, Turkmen SSR had never enjoyed full sovereignty which would permit her to carry out an independent internal and foreign policy.
		On October 27, 1990, the first President of Turkmen SSR Saparmurat Niyazov was elected nationally.
	enrin.grida.no /htmls/turkmen/soe/htmeng/hist.htm (303 words)

	History & Culture
		The Turkmen who survived the invasion retreated northward to the plains of Kazakhstan or eastward to the shores of the Caspian Sea.
		Turkmen, led by Dzhunaid Khan, defeated the Russians at Khiva.
		In 1990, the Turkmen SSR declared that it
	www.turkmenistanembassy.org /turkmen/history/history.html (1539 words)

	Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic in the Period of USSR
		Numerous Turkmen intellectuals were exiled together with Nedirbay Aykatov who was the Head of Turkmen High Soviet, and Gaygisiz Atabay who was the State President between the years of 1937-38.
		Batirov who was the First Secretary of the TCP clearly stated that the Turkmen people and the Turkmen villagers and nomads continued their resistance against the adoption of Soviet identity and the collection in the Soviet kolkhozes in the year of 1948.
		In the years of 1950s, Suhan Babayev who was the First Secretary of the TCP and Nurcemal Burdiyeva who was the Head of the Culture and Ideology Division of the Central Committee and their friends were discharged from the party with the accusation of “the advocacy of Bourgeois nationalism”.
	www.ozturkler.com /data_english/0006/0006_07_05.htm (726 words)

	www.rian.ru
		Rupel said that Niyazov sees as necessary the holding of presidential election in Turkmenistan in 2009, in which he is not going to be nominated, sources in Ashkhabad told RIA Novosti.
		In 1990 he was elected chairman of the Supreme Soviet and then president of the Turkmen SSR, getting 93 percent of the votes.
		The Turkmen president stressed that the question of the future elections will be discussed in October at a sitting of the supreme body of power, the People's Council.
	en.rian.ru /world/20050420/39711747-print.html (286 words)

	Turkmen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Turkmen people, an ethnic group located in Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Iran
		Iraqi Turkmen, an ethnic minority living in northern Iraq
		Turkmen SSR, a constituent republic of the Soviet Union
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turkmen (125 words)

	Ukrainian SSR - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		After World War II, in 1945, some amendments to the Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR were accepted, which allowed it to act as a separate subject of international law in some cases and to a certain extent, remaining a part of the USSR at the same time.
		The Ukrainian SSR was renamed Ukraine on August 24, 1991, and split from the USSR on the same day, becoming an independent state.
		The Ukrainian SSR's capital was at first the city of Kharkiv (Kharkov) (from 1918-1934) and from that point on â” the city of Kiev (Kyiv), the current capital of Ukraine.
	enc.qba73.com /link-Ukrainian_SSR (526 words)

	Moldavian SSR
		The date of the transformation of Moldavian ASSR into Moldavian SSR and its split from the Ukrainian SSR to become a separate republic of the USSR was August 2, 1940.
		The republic's name was changed to the Republic of Moldova on May 23, 1991, and it declared independence after the attempted coup in the Soviet Union, exiting from the USSR on August 27, 1991.
		Moldovans were encouraged to adopt the Russian language, which was required in order to get a public job (Russian was supposed to be the language of international communication).
	www.1bx.com /en/Moldavian_SSR.htm (528 words)

	Republic of Turkmenistan — Portal
		In 1924 the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic was established, incorporated as part of the Soviet Union as a Union Republic.
		In the meantime, according to Turkmen specialists, it is the deep deposits (5500-7000 m) in western Turkmenistan that harbor the largest hydrocarbon resources in the region.
		Within the Turkmen sector of the Caspian Sea are water are as of the South Caspian and the Middle Caspian oil-bearing provinces divided by the Cheleken-Livanov uplift zone.
	www.inogate.org /en/participating/turkmenistan (15774 words)

	Soviet Language Policy in Central Asia
		Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR), the Kirghiz SSR, the Tajik SSR, the Turkmen SSR, and the Uzbek SSR
		The effect of this legislation in the Uzbek SSR can be seen in the growth of both preschools with Russian language instruction and general education schools with intensive Russian study.
		The former increased from 211 in 1978 to 618 in 1979 to 1050 in 1981-82.
	www.oxuscom.com /lang-policy.htm (9502 words)

	Niyazov, Saparmurat - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		An engineer and member of the Communist party, he worked in the electrical power industry and held party positions in what was then the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic of the USSR.
		In 1985 he became the premier of the Turkmen SSR and then head of Turkmen Communist party.
		Turkmen President Saparmurat Niyazov says his nation is eager for stability in neighboring Afghanistan
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-NiyazovS.html (280 words)

	Turkmenistan - MSN Encarta
		According to the constitution of 1992, Niyazov, as president, has the power to disband the Mejlis and appoint and dismiss all judges.
		After the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, he arranged for the Communist Party of the Turkmen SSR to be renamed the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan, one of only two legally recognized political parties.
		The other, the Peasant Justice Party, is a controlled opposition party that expresses public support for Niyazov and his policies.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761555783_6/Turkmenistan.html (499 words)

	TURKMENISTAN
		Current territorial border was established, and the Turkmen SSR was established in 1924 under the supreme sovereignty of Moscow.
		In a meeting on October 27, 1991, Turkmenistan, the state, was formed as a result of the will of the people and the Parliament made the decision on independence.
		In accordance with this, these transformations are perceived through the prism of the historical, political and social characteristics of the Turkmen people and supported by the reality of modem life.
	www.unesco.kz /heritagenet/tm/turkmen_site/gen.htm (1221 words)

	ENTRAL ASIA
		Much of the land surface is thus arid; the lowlands are preponderantly steppes, interspersed with stretches of sandy desert, particularly the Kara Kum on the Transcaspian plains (Turkmen SSR) and the Kyzyl Kum east of the Amu Darya.
		Approximately 60 percent of the population is in the Uzbek SSR and 10-16 percent in each of the other three republics.
		Ethnic Tajiks constituted 59 percent of the population of the Tajik SSR, the remainder being mostly Uzbeks (23 percent) and ethnic Russians (10 percent).
	www.iranica.com /newsite/articles/v5f2/v5f2a017.html (13778 words)

	Soviet Period
		On the Tenth Congress of Soviets of the R.S.F.S.R. was adopted resolution calling for a creation of a federal union, and commission of representatives of the R.S.F.S.R., Ukrainian S.S.R., Belorussian S.S.R. and Transcaucasian S.F.S.R. prepared a declaration of union and treaty of union.
		Finally two republics were so formed and admitted to the USSR in May 1925: the Uzbek S.S.R., in the eastern part, and the Turkmen S.S.R. in the western.
		In 1929 the portion of the UzbekS.S.R. Inhabited by tadzhiks was split off and admitted to USSR as the Tadzhik S.S.R. Politic of Stalin in the late 1920s and early 1930 sparked a rebellion in Turkmenistan, and in 1927 the Soviets lost control of the Republic to national resistance movement called the Turkmen Freedom.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/5246/Soviet.html (559 words)

	Turkmenistan
		According to a presidential decree, the olive branch is to symbolizethe peace-loving nature of the Turkmen people as well as the country's "neutral" status.
		From the embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Moscow the "Nederlandse Vereniging voor Vlaggenkunde" got a paper flag of the new flag of Turkmenistan.
		OMRI published a report on Turkmen national holidays, including a new National Flag Day which was celebrated for the first time 19 February 1997.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/tm.html (893 words)

	Unasylva - No. 168 - Arid zone forestry - Combating desertification in the USSR
		Agadzhan Babaev of the Turkmen SSR Academy of Sciences, Ashkhabad, USSR.
		Nikolai Kharin is head of the Remote sensing Laboratory of the Desert Institute of the Turkmen SSR Academy of Sciences.
		, 1988), compiled by the Desert Institute of the Turkmen SSR Academy of Sciences, 60 percent of the arid land area is in some stage of desertification (Table 1).
	www.fao.org /docrep/u5200e/u5200e0a.htm (1825 words)

	Turkmenistan - Azerbaijan: Legal and Political Issues in the Caspian Dispute
		Under article 60 of the 1936 USSR Constitution the parliaments of the Turkmen SSR, the RSFSR, the, Azerbaijan SSR and the Kazakh SSR had the right to establish their own representations in international organisations.
		Hence, numerous articles in which Azerbaijan asserts its right to certain oil fields because they were seemingly discovered by Azerbaijani geologists and geophysicists state that "Promezhutochnoye" (the Turkmen version is Serdar; the Azerbaijani, Kapaz) was called that because it is on the border of Russia.
		This association included the Chelekmorneftegaz association, located in Cheleken in the former Turkmen SSR.
	turkmeniya.tripod.com /turkmenistanlaws/id21.html (5258 words)

	Republics of the Soviet Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Under the threat of intervention, the formally independent Far Eastern Republic was carved out of Russian territory to become a buffer state on April 6, 1920, and was again merged with Russia on November 15, 1922.
		An attempt to declare a Polish Soviet Socialist Republic was made during the Soviet assault in the Polish-Soviet War of 1919â“1922 by the Polish Provisional Revolutionary Committee headed by Julian Marchlewski in BiaÅystok.
		1924 - Uzbek SSR and Turkmen SSR are formed from the Turkestan ASSR in the Russian SFSR.
	enc.qba73.com /link-Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union (1403 words)

	turkmenistan.neweurasia.net » Turkmenistan 15 Years On: The Legacy of the Moscow View - An Outsider’s View
		As was the case for his Central Asian neighbours, the General Secretary of the Republic of the Turkmen SSR, Saparmurat Niyazov, was put in an awkward position by the unfolding of the coup plot organised against Gorbachev in October 1991.
		The founding strategy of Turkmen economic policy was enshrined in the vaunted “Ten Years of Stability”, a variation on a similar concept propounded by Uzbek policymakers; and sure enough this period of increased self-reliance did indeed see some notable successes.
		Neutrality is another Turkmen post-Soviet theme that is voluminously and extensively trumpeted every time the anniversary of its declaration comes around.
	turkmenistan.neweurasia.net /?p=148 (1266 words)

	Happy Dogs Clup, The biggest dog resource center,breeds,cloths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The logo of turkmen national television is his profile.
		Niyazov wrote the new turkmen national anthem-oath himself, including phrases that say people who defamate the motherland or the Turkmenbashi should lose their arms.
		Well I know some Turkmens and I can tell you that there are maybe three people in Turkmenistan who sincerely revere Ruhnama like a holy text, the rest are practically sick to their stomachs when they even see Niyazov's portrait because of all the horrible things he has done to that poor little country.
	www.happydogsclup.com /sdmc_Talk:Turkmenistan (1987 words)

	Turkmenistan - Bibliography
		The Yomut Turkmen: A Study of Social Organization among a Central Asian Turkic-Speaking Population.
		The Turkmens in the Age of Imperialism: A Study of the Turkmen People and Their Incorporation into the Russian Empire.
		Turkmenistan i turkmeny v kontse XV-pervoy polovine XVI v (Turkmenistan and the Turkmen at the End of the Fifteenth-First Half of the Sixteenth Centuries).
	countrystudies.us /turkmenistan/38.htm (989 words)

	Anthems of 15 Union republics
		The music of the anthem of Kazakh SSR was used, with a new lyrics, as the anthem of Kazakhstan until January 2006.
		The anthem of Turkmen SSR was used in the independent Turkmenistan until 1997, with unchanged lyrics.
		All of the former SSRs (Soviet Socialist Republics) are represented, along with the famous USSR anthem which was banished for a time under Boris Yeltsin but now (with new lyrics) lives again as the anthem of the Russian Federation.
	www.hymn.ru /15-union-republics/index-en.html (1449 words)

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