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	Asia Times Online - The trusted source for news on Central Asia
		Russians agree that instead of building marble palaces, Turkmenbashi should rather instruct his ministers to repave the ghastly main roads from the Uzbek border in the east to the Caspian in the west, and fight rampant police corruption.
		Merv's ruins reveal history in motion: a Greek layer from the 3rd century BC onward; a Sassanid and Western Turk layer from the 3rd to the 7th centuries; an Arab layer from the 8th century onward; and a Seljuk layer from the 12th century onward.
		Turkmenbashi's foreign policy is infinitely less wacky than we might infer from the main character's antics.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Central_Asia/EL12Ag01.html (2974 words)

	:: ak13 :: Death of the dictator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Turkmenbashi is the last of a dying species, writes Paul Davies.
		Turkmenbashi's statue is particularly impressive; rotating as it does, to always face the sun.
		Personally written by Turkmenbashi, it is the spiritual guide for the people of Turkmenistan and contains the president's thoughts on everything from philosophy to ethics and the rebirth of Turkmen culture.
	www.ak13.com /article.php?id=293 (881 words)

	Publius Pundit - Blogging the democratic revolution
		Turkmenbashi was able to create such a utopian society through the careful construction of a massive cult of personality since the end of the Soviet Union.
		That Turkmenbashi has created such a huge cult of personality for himself while leaving the country in tatters, much like North Korea, means that his death could bring great political instability to the country unless those under him have a plan for succession.
		Turkmenbashi, unlike most dictators, was able to centralize so much power to himself that he was a threat to anyone else with power — a cause for much jealousy and ire from those below, which caused him to constantly purge his government.
	www.publiuspundit.com /?p=3103 (1247 words)

	Turkmenbashi Votes Against Himself - Kommersant Moscow
		Nobody is forever,” Turkmenbashi said, while presenting to the members of the council the newly born project of the law.
		However, as soon as Turkmenbashi said that, the highest authorities of the country were submerged again into the purge.
		Turkmenbashi’s former personal bodyguard Aganiyaz Akyev already took the position of Vice Prime Minister — it was him, who represented the country during the recent CIS summit in Kazan, where he officially announced about Turkmenistan’s quitting the Confederation.
	www.kommersant.com /page.asp?id=620638 (1490 words)

	OPED27 Turkmenbashi - No laughing matter
		Well, let's see - Turkmenbashi is a Caspian Sea port city, the world's largest rug (three hundred square meters), a 670-lb meteorite, an airport in Ashkhabad (Turkmenistan), a month of the year (formerly known as January), a stadium, an avenue, an estimated 2 to 10 thousand statues, countless portraits....
		The parliament awarded Turkmenbashi his third 'Hero of Turkmenistan' in 1998 for "leading in the politics of neutrality, the successful social and economic development of Turkmenistan, and his personal contribution to the fulfilling of the Grain program." (1998 was the first year since independence that the targets for grain collection were met...)
		Turkmenbashi has written a book, the Ruhnama, "to eliminate all shortcomings, to raise the spirit of the Turkmen." It is studied in schools and universities.
	www.sibelle.info /oped27.htm (720 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Turkmenbashi Oil Refinery launches new catalytic cracking complex
		This year the Turkmenbashi Oil Refinery plans to export nearly 500,000 tons of high-octane gasoline and more than 200,000 tons of liquefied gas.
		A key component of these policies of modernization of the Turkmenbashi Oil Refinery is the participation of leading companies from Turkey, Iran, Japan, the United States, Germany, France, Israel, South Korea, Philippines, the Czech Republic, and Ireland.
		The Turkmenbashi Oil Refinery has also created a training centre where foreign specialists teach local personnel to operate and maintain new facilities and equipment.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/company/cnc12576.htm (447 words)

	The Turkmen theocracy lost its god
		Saparmurat Niyazov, or "His Excellency Turkmenbashi, President of Turkmenistan and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers" as his official title read, was one of the few remaining icons of a 20th century political phenomenon: Cult of personality.
		There is even a "Melon Day," in which the "Turkmenbashi melon," a new crossbreed product, is praised for "its delicious aroma, excellent taste and large size,” and Turkmen children eat them joyfully under the all-seeing eyes of their leader's abundant busts.
		Turkmenbashi had also adopted the image of the "sun-leader," a popular theme in other dictatorships like North Korea, which envisions an almost supernatural savior enlightening his otherwise-in-darkness nation.
	www.rickross.com /reference/turkmenbashi/turkmenbashi1.html (612 words)

	Turkmenbashi - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Turkmenbashi or Türkmenbaşy, formerly Krasnovodsk, city (1991 pop.
		Turkmenbashi the Great: rich and prosperous thanks to the discovery of massive oil and gas reserves, Turkmenistan is attempting to come to grips with modernity and its massive wealth.
		THE BIZARRE WORLD OF TURKMENBASHI THE GREAT; The dictator of Ashgabat: His golden statue rotates to face the sun.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-turkmenb.html (317 words)

	Turkmenbashi, "Father of All Turkmen," Dies - Kommersant Moscow
		The sudden demise of Turkmenbashi, the "Father of All Turkmen," was announced yesterday morning.
		The unexpectedly sharp twist in the succession order has given some members of the Turkmen opposition cause to speculate that Turkmenbashi's death may not have been by entirely natural means.
		It was precisely this lack of character that allowed him to retain the post of deputy prime minister longer than anyone else, a fact that has also even birthed rumors that he is Turkmenbashi's illegitimate son.
	www.kommersant.com /p732435/r_530/Saparmurat_Niyazev (1106 words)

	Turkmenbashi Everywhere, If You Think Saddam Was Fond Of Himself, Visit Turkmenistan - CBS News
		Turkmenbashi is so controlling that he has even rewritten the calendar, and he recently renamed the month of January to "Turkmenbashi." April is named after his mother.
		Turkmenbashi escaped unharmed, but the same can't be said of the dissidents.
		The plot failed, but Turkmenbashi used the opportunity to arrest his former foreign minister, along with hundreds of others for their alleged roles in the plot.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2003/12/31/60minutes/main590913.shtml (1581 words)

	Lebanonwire.com \| Post-Turkmenbashi: Gaming the Five 'Stans
		The death of Turkmenbashi grants Tehran the chance to secure control over the only point north that could be used as a launching pad to attack Iran.
		Like Turkmenbashi, Karimov has no clear heir (his oligarch, music video-making daughter is a nonstarter from the point of view of the country's regional clans), and the profiles of outside powers have been kept scrupulously low.
		Unlike Turkmenbashi, Karimov has created a culture in which violence, torture and murder are all part and parcel of normal governance.
	www.lebanonwire.com /0612MLN/061312720STR.asp (3295 words)

	Friday photo: Turkmenbashi in pictures \| FP Passport
		While the 5 million Turkmen who lived under the crushing rule of President-for-life Saparmurat Niyazov for 21 years are likely (and understandably) grateful about their leader’s untimely demise, the wacky world of dictators just got a little less interesting for us watchers of international affairs.
		In honor of the holiday, a melon was named after Turkmenbashi, joining a park, several cities and the month of January.
		Turkmenbashi’s government kept tight reins on journalists and free speech, controlling the media and sending dissidents to psychiatric hospitals.
	blog.foreignpolicy.com /node/2794 (353 words)

	Turkmenistan - the country of Turkmenbashi
		Turkmenbashi's face is visible on gigantic posters hanging on every building of the city and statues of his are placed on almost every square.
		The casinos all belong to the state (Turkmenbashi) himself and therefore, no money is really lost when his son is gambling at home.
		They seem to be content with Turkmenbashi at least, as the government now pays the pensions punctually, and all women get a new dress for Independence Day.
	www.studyrussian.com /seidenstrasse/silkroad/Turkmenistan.htm (605 words)

	Turkmenbashi and his Turkmenistan Contemporary Review - Find Articles
		After a petition by the 'workers of the city', the Caspian port of Krasnovodsk was renamed Turkmenbashi.
		When January was renamed after himself, as 'Turkmenbashi', the speaker of the Turkmen parliament promptly suggested that April be called after Niazov's mother's name.
		According to his admirers, Turkmenbashi is one of the greatest philosophers and writers.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1653_283/ai_110266765 (798 words)

	OpinionJournal - Extra
		Turkmenbashi ("Head of all Turkmen"), who died Dec. 21, was, as his foreign obituarists noted, "eccentric" even by Central Asia's high standards.
		But a good one is that "the Family," in the person of Turkmenbashi's son, Murad, may seek to carry on the line, in the spirit of the Aliyevs across the Caspian in Azerbaijan.
		Turkmenbashi brought his people low, and the fear and distrust won't leave the earth with him.
	www.opinionjournal.com /extra/?id=110009460 (1207 words)

	Turkmenbashi, Turkmenistan - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		Niyazov, Saparmurad A. (1940-2006), Turkmen politician, who became president of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) in 1990 and retained the presidency after Turkmenistan gained its independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1991.
		Numerous streets, public buildings, and institutions are named after him, and he is officially called Turkmenbashi (Leader of the Turkmens).
		Niyazov’s government controls the media, and censorship is widespread because freedom of the press is not guaranteed in the constitution.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /turkmenbashi.htm (608 words)

	Danko's pages: Turkmenbashi Cult (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Saparmyrad Niyazov, also known as Turkmenbashi (The Leader of the Turkmen).
		This page is not a report on human rights abuse and dictatorship in Turkmenistan.
		Turkmenbashi city (map, look on the Caspian coast)(outer link)
	www.yurope.com /people/danko/niyazov.html (126 words)

	Language Log: Turkmenbashi is dead
		Saparmurat Niyazov, the self-obsessed nutball who ruled as President of Turkmenistan from 1991 to this week, and probably stole two or three billion dollars from its treasury, is dead, thank goodness.
		Journalists reporting on this development have been reporting correctly that the old fool renamed himself Turkmenbashi, meaning "Turkmen leader", but the way broadcasters are pronouncing it is nowhere near correct.
		Not at all an easy word for English tongues to tangle with, since it crucially involves both a high front rounded vowel in the first syllable and a high back or central unrounded vowel in the last, and English has no vowel reminiscent of either of these.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/003953.html (263 words)

	Turkmenbashi - Uncyclopedia
		Despite his death, Saparmurat Niyazov remains the Turkmenbashi, the great leader of Turkmenistan.
		Turkmenbashi is most known for his ability to ban stuff.
		This is possible because Turkmenbashi wields six times more power over his citizens lives than any other president.
	www.uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Turkmenbashi (286 words)

	Turkmenbashi - Wired New York Forum
		When he recently proposed renaming all the calendar months — including changing January to "Turkmenbashi" — only one member of the national council objected to the plan.
		In Ashgabat, the capital, Turkmenbashi installed a gold statue of himself in the country's capital that rotates 360 degrees every 24 hours, to follow the sun.
		A very bizarre place." There's no Turkmenbashi Day per se, apparently, but it's likely the members of the national council would say that "every day is Turkmenbashi Day," if you're lucky enough to live in Turkmenistan.
	www.wirednewyork.com /forum/showthread.php?p=137201 (496 words)

	Turkmenbashi decides the people don't need doctors, books
		President for life Saparmurat Niyazov, the self-styled Turkmenbashi, or "leader of all the Turkmen," has made good on a pledge to order all hospitals outside the Turkmen capital Ashbagat shut.
		Turkmenbashi's syncophants further wish to "remind you that these quotes come from [anonymous] representatives of the world intellectual elite."
		There had been questions on whether or not Rukhnama would be elevated to the same status as the Koran.
	ww4report.com /node/557/print (527 words)

	All Turkmenbashi, All the Time
		Turkmenbashi, "Head of All Turkmen," as he had his rubber-stamp parliament declare him a few years back.
		Turkmenbashi renamed a Caspian Sea port city after himself, as well as a large meteorite that smashed into the northern part of the country.
		The Turkmen borders with both Iran and Taliban-held Afghanistan are open and humming, and so far Turkmenbashi has managed to stay out of the way of the ever-present border disputes between Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan.
	www.motherjones.com /commentary/columns/2000/09/rall2.html (971 words)

	chrisdolley: Blair, Turkmenbashi and Legacy
		First, he changed his name to Turkmenbashi (Leader of all Turkmen) and to make sure the name stuck he renamed the capital city, several schools, an airport, a meteorite and even a month - Turkmenbashi.
		Not to mention a planet in the Taurus constellation, a crater on the moon, a melon and a mountain peak.
		One was placed in the middle of a desert - don't ask - and one huge one - 120 foot high, gold plated and rotating so that it always faced the sun (there was a curfew at night so no one found out how it fared during the darker hours) was erected in the capital.
	chrisdolley.livejournal.com /60164.html (531 words)

	Europe's Energy Worries: Currying Favor with the Turkmenbashi - International - SPIEGEL ONLINE - News
		Regime opponents in exile have long criticized the fact that the self-proclaimed Turkmenbashi (father of all Turkmen), President Saparmurat Niyazov, is able to park his energy-rich country's export revenues in foreign banks undeclared on the government's books.
		The Turkmenbashi neglected to address the question of how he -- the man in charge in a one-party state -- could have failed to notice embezzlement of this magnitude.
		The presence of the Turkmenbashi, declared president for life in 1999, is overwhelming in the area where both Deutsche Bank and the German embassy are located in Ashgabat.
	www.spiegel.de /international/spiegel/0,1518,412923,00.html (2107 words)

	Turkmenistan travel guide - Wikitravel
		He adopted the title Turkmenbashi ("Father of Turkmen"), named the city of Turkmenbashi (formerly Krasnovodsk) after himself, and built a 15-meter tall golden statue that rotates to face the sun in the capital Ashgabat.
		The month of January is now known as Turkmenbashi, while the month of April and the word "bread" are now officially Gurbansoltan Eje, the name of Niyazov's mother.
		The Turkmenbashi's abrupt death in December 2006 means that the future of the personality cult, and the nation, is now in doubt.
	wikitravel.org /en/Turkmenistan (1451 words)

	The Blogmenbashi
		Saparmurat Turkmenbashi the Great said that the building of the Opera and Ballet Theater should be quickly demolished and a new Trade Center should be constructed near the bazaar.
		The great Saparmurat Turkmenbashi, Father of All the Turkmens, or -as he is known in this earthly life- Saparmurat Niyazov, lifelong president of Turkmenistan, is throwing down the following challenge to the forces of nature.
		He gathered his ministers together and appealing to their patriotism, reminded them that "the self-respecting capitals of self-respecting states" as a rule are situated on rivers.
	blogmenbashi.blogspot.com (2051 words)

	Halk, Watan, Beyik, Turkmenbashi!
		The outstanding features of the central city are its parks, its many golden statues of the president and its often ridiculous monuments to the greatness of Turkmenbashi or the glory of Turkmenistan.
		Turkmenbashi (looking, to my eyes enyway, like a union heavy from the 1950s rather than a charismatic dictator extraordinaire) would slouch behind his large, flower festooned desk at the front of the room delivering rambling monologues to the note taking officals, arranged in half moon style around him, and the folk at home.
		Just as revealing, perhaps, was the golden image of Turkmenbashi's bust that sat in the top right corner of the screen on the main government channel, much as TV station logos do in other countries.
	www.travelblog.org /Asia/Turkmenistan/blog-68963.html (4677 words)

	Гундогар :: Turkish Entrepreneur Seeks Way To Sue Turkmenbashi
		Faruk Bozbey, who specializes in agricultural ventures, is trying to find an international court that could claim jurisdiction over the would-be lawsuit against the Saparmurat Turkmenbashi Foundation.
		I refused." Signing such a document would have complicated his effort to sue Turkmenbashi.
		Bozbey emphasized that his case is not an isolated example of a business venture gone awry in Turkmenistan.
	www.gundogar.org /?0220043015000000000000011000000 (904 words)

	My Way
		He has adopted the honorific Turkmenbashi, meaning "Great Leader of All Turkmen." His face appears on the currency of his desert nation, and on its bottles of vodka and packages of tea.
		Last summer the President proposed, and the parliament agreed, that the month of January would be named Turkmenbashi.
		October would be named Rukhnama, meaning "spiritual revival," after the title of Turkmenbashi's collection of philosophical musings, which enjoys a compulsory vogue.
	www.theatlantic.com /doc/200211/murphy (301 words)

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