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Topic: Turkmenia

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	Amazon.com: Turkmenia: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Dogs as cause of spread of Brucella infection among man and animals on sheep farms of Turkmenia =: Sobaki -- istochnik rasprostraneniia brutselleza sredi...
		Turkmenia (Socialist republics of the Soviet Union) by B IAzkuliev (Unknown Binding - 1987)
		Theileria recondita and Anaplasma ovis, and the tick genera Hyalomma,...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Turkmenia&index=books&page=1 (698 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Turkmenia announces international tender for Caspian Sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		August 30, 1997 On Sept. 1 Turkmenia will announce the first round of an international tender for the right to prospect for and develop oil fields on its shelf in the Caspian Sea.
		On the same day, a special body for the use of hydrocarbons set up by the president of Turkmenia will begin sending invitations to all interested companies and a list of promising sites to be offered during the first round.
		Turkmenia is also considering possible co-operation with Iran and Russia to develop the controversial Serdar (Kyapas) oil field in the Caspian Sea.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/news/ntr74315.htm (237 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Turkmenia objects to Russian-Azeri oil deal
		Turkmenia has always supported calls for restraint in practical actions in the Caspian Sea pending its new legal status, the document said.
		Russia and other Caspian Sea states know that Turkmenia protests blatant attempts to ignore its legitimate rights to the oil fields "Kaverochkin" and "26 Bakinskikh Komissarov" (renamed by Azerbaijan into "Chirak" and "Azeri" respectively), the former of which partially and the latter fully belongs to Turkmenia, the statement said.
		It said that Turkmenia has repeatedly asked Azerbaijan to begin constructive dialogue and refrain from any specific actions before an agreement is reached.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/news/ntr73001.htm (305 words)

	National Identity Sketch of Turkmenistan
		Turkmenia, as it is often known, is mostly desert.
		Turkmenia has one of the highest rates of population growth of all the former Soviet republics, but it is the least densely populated.
		The Mongols, under Genghis Khan, overran Turkmenia in the 13th century, and it passed to various local khanates thereafter.
	www.bu.edu /econ/faculty/kyn/newweb/economic_systems/NatIdentity/FSU/Central_Asia/Turkmenistan/ni_turkmen.htm (676 words)

	Turkmenia: Azja at Canadian Content (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Canadian Content > World: Polska: Regionalne: Azja: Turkmenia:
		Additional Information: Canadian Content has no additional information.
		Modified by Canadian Content © 1997 - 2005.
	www.canadiancontent.net /dir/Top/World/Polska/Regionalne/Azja/Turkmenia (124 words)

	Turkmenistan country information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		During 17 - 19 centuries Turkmenia was disputed between Persian Sheikh, the Khan of Khiva and the Emir of Bukhara.
		In 1869 Russians founded their first port on the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea, and till the middle of 1800s the country was annexed to Russia.
		In 1924 Turkmenia became one of the 15 Soviet Republics of the former USSR.
	www.geographicbureau.com /Central_Asia/turkmenia-info.htm (2068 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : The Republics in Pictures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Turkmenia is the driest region of the Soviet Union.
		The southernmost of the Soviet republics - bordering on Iran and Afghanistan - Turkmenia has been inhabited by Turkic tribes since the 10th century.
		Once notorious raiders of Silk Roads caravans, the Turkmen have turned from plunder to the plow - settling in oases to grow wheat and cotton.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/199001/the.republics.in.pictures.htm (880 words)

	The Tribal Gol in Turkmen Carpets-VG Moshkova
		Especially useful during the journeys and at the stopping places were the diz-torba, knotted bags in which salt was carried; there were bags for mirrors, a rare possession, aina kap; for spoons, chemche-torba; spindles, iksilik; and so on.
		If one recalls that in the past, as now, the decorative art of the Turkmenia was in the hands of women, the preservers of the old traditions, and was always most closely linked with the narrow domestic circle, then it is not surprising that one finds in the carpets features of great antiquity.
		It is true that, in the case of the Salor, the special relationship of this tribe could have had special significance: as we know, they were considered to be the most noble and aristocratic tribe, a status inherited from their ecenomic position in Turkmenia over the centuries.
	www.tcoletribalrugs.com /article35Moshkova.html (8306 words)

	Turkmenia's President To Make Working Visit To Russia - Pravda.Ru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Turkmenia's President Saparmurat Niyazov is to make a working visit to Russia on January 21, Russia's Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov told journalists on Tuesday as he arrived in the Turkmen capital for an official visit.
		According to Ivanov, in the course of January 9 negotiations with Turkmenia's Foreign Minister Rashid Meredov and a meeting with Saparmurat Niyazov, it is planned to discuss the full spectrum of Russian-Turkmen relations in the light of an upcoming visit by the president of Turkmenia to Moscow.
		Replying to questions concerning Turkmenia's neutrality in relation to the situation in Afghanistan and the anti-terrorist campaign, Ivanov indicated that Moscow "respects this position of Turkmenistan's".
	english.pravda.ru /diplomatic/2002/01/08/25038.html (529 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Chronology for Russians in Turkmenistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Voters were asked Do you consider it necessary to preserve the USSR as a renewed federation of equal, sovereign republics, in which human rights and the freedoms of all nationalities will be fully guaranteed?" The referendum, with no legal force, was intended as a test of popular support for the draft Union Treaty.
		In a referendum on October 26, 94.1% of the population voted for the independence of Turkmenia.
		The Communist Party of Turkmenia (CPT) was suspended after the failed coup attempt in Moscow against Gorbachev, and it changed its name to the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan, criticizing the mistakes made by the CPT in the past.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=70101 (1928 words)

	Document 71
		Because, even if it is not typical for all the arrested émigrés, it is typical for the comrades whom I got to know during the investigation: those comrades who are still [being held] in prisons and camps.
		We were instructors in the CC of the Communist Party of Turkmenia, sent personally by Ezhov.
		In 1935-1936, he was instructor of the CC CP of Turkmenia and later director of the Turkmen film studio.
	www.yale.edu /annals/Chase/Documents/doc71chapt7.htm (4264 words)

	[No title]
		In the Republic of Turkmenia, during 1954 alone, 700 anti-religion speeches were arranged.
		In the 18th century, Turkmenia became a part of the Muslim world and remained under Muslim rule till the 19th century when the Tsar's armies invaded it.
		Later, it was declared as the Republic of Turkmenia and a Communist government was set up there.
	members.tripod.com /worldupdates/islamintheworld/id21_m.htm (2977 words)

	Iranica.com - FAUNA Cont.
		The Central Asian republics of the former Soviet Union (Turkmenia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, the southern Kazakhstan) form part of an arid belt stretching from northwestern Africa through southwestern Asia to Mongolia and western China.
		This province encompasses the southern part of the Aralo-Caspian lowland: Turkmenia (except for the mountains), Uzbekistan (without the eastern mountains), the low-lying parts of Kirgizia, southern and southwestern Kazakhstan, northern Afghanistan (the Amu Darya depression), and small arid districts of the former Azerbaidzhan S.S.R. (e.g., the Apsheron peninsula and the Kura-Aras lowland).
		Shammakov, Presmykayushcheesya ravninnogo Turkmenistana (Reptiles of lowland Turkmenia), Ashkhabad, 1981.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v9f4/v9f441b.html (2153 words)

	Pravda.RU Turkmenia And The European Union Have Exchanged Views On The Situation In Afghanistan
		According to the Belgian minister, the greater part of their meeting was devoted to the humanitarian aid to Afghanistan and to cooperation between the European Union and Turkmenia.
		Louis Michel said that Turkmenia played a key role in the region and for this reason it would be important for Europe to know the position of that country on the situation in Afghanistan.
		Turkmenia and the European Union have close approaches to the future of Afghanistan, underscored the minister.
	newsfromrussia.com /world/2001/11/01/19819.html (1818 words)

	Russia to take steps to protect interests of its expats living in Turkmenia - Pravda.Ru
		"The response by Russia's Foreign Ministry to Turkmenia's unilateral withdrawal from the 1993 agreement on dual citizenship contrary to provisions and procedures stipulated in the April 2003 protocol on terminating that agreement, was immediate," Yakovenko recalled.
		In April, Turkmenia's President Saparmurat Niyazov signed a decree under which persons who received dual citizenship under the agreement between Turkmenia and Russia must opt for citizenship of one of the countries within a period of two months.
		Under the decree, persons who have the citizenship of both countries, reside in Turkmenia and have failed to report their preferred citizenship are considered to be Turkmen citizens.
	english.pravda.ru /main/2003/06/04/47879.html (520 words)

	NewsCentralAsia.com - October is the Month of ‘Turkmenia’ Star (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The star was named ‘Turkmenia’ by Dr. Nicolai Stepanovich Chernov of Ukraine who discovered it in 1982.
		The certificate for discovering and naming the star ‘Turkmenia’ was issued by Crimea Astrophysical Observatory and was confirmed by the International Astronomical Union in 2001.
		It is interesting to note that the star ‘Turkmenia’ is visible in the month of October and Turkmenistan also gained independence in the same month.
	www.newscentralasia.com /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=265 (127 words)

	Breeds of Livestock - Iomud Horse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		It was developed by the Iomud tribe in the Tashauz oasis in southern Turkmenia.
		As the breed occupied the margin of the Turkmenian breed area, it was influenced by steppe breeds.
		The measurements (in cm) of stallions are: height at withers 152, oblique body length 151, chest girth 168, cannon bone girth 19; mares: 149, 150, 167 and 18.3 respectively.
	www.ansi.okstate.edu /breeds/horses/iomud (272 words)

	Cypriot newspaper politis on events in Turkmenia - Pravda.Ru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The publication also draws attention to the fact that "Saparmurat Niyazov is becoming increasingly notorious for his dictatorial methods of rule in that Central Asian oil- and gas-rich republic".
		Our task was to destabilize the situation in Turkmenia, erode the constitutional system and make an attempt on the life of the president." The detention of Shikhmuradov was announced on December 26 in Ashkhabad by President Saparmurat Niyazov at a meeting with foreign diplomats.
		Meanwhile, according to the Turkmen opposition, Shikhmuradov himself turned himself in to the authorities after many of his relatives had been arrested in Turkmenia, out of fear for their fate.
	english.pravda.ru /world/2003/01/04/41632.html (557 words)

	Yankee go Home
		Turkmenia continues a foreign policy of neutrality But Sergey Lavrov would like to persuade Niyazov of Turkmenia to join the Caspian Naval-Military Group, a Russian initiative, proposed by Russian President Putin a few months ago (in July 2005) to create the group from the countries that border the Caspian Sea.
		Turkmenia is not yet onboard for the initiative and has announced its own sovereign rights and initiatives over part of the Caspian Sea and has even started policing and arresting foreign vessels in Turkmenia territorial waters.
		And Turkmenia would like Russia to pay higher prices for Turkmen gas (which they say is necessary to keep up with higher world gas prices).
	pnews.org /ArT/BusH/UzB.shtml (3625 words)

	Soviet Union (former) Turkmens - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		The conquest of Turkmenia (also known as Turkestan) was not completed until 1885, and the territorial boundary of Russian Turkmenia was not set until a decade later by an Anglo-Russian border treaty.
		Turkmenia became part of Russian Turkestan and was treated by the tsarist government as a colonial territory where Russians and other Slavs were encouraged to settle.
		A provisional government, established by Turkmen nationalists with support of the White forces and limited British assistance, was able to maintain itself against the Bolsheviks until mid-1919.
	www.photius.com /countries/soviet_union_former/society/soviet_union_former_society_turkmens.html (782 words)

	Turkmenia - republika na pustyni - część 1
		Turkmenia - republika na pustyni - część 2
		Turkmenia - republika na pustyni - część 3
		Turkmenia - republika na pustyni - część 4
	serwisy.gazeta.pl /swiat/1,62816,451288.html (626 words)

	The History of the Akhal-Teke Horses, Yesterday and Today
		After the union with Russia, the economy of Turkmenia did not depend so much on horses as it had before.
		It was a great thing for the breed when Russian scientists K. Gorelov, G. Neelov and Bogushevski, in 1926-1927, started to write down the pedigrees of Akhal-Teke horses, and after this was started the stud book of the world's oldest pureblood breed of horses.
		An important event in the history of the breed was when, in 1958, the famous breeder Vladimir Shambourant brought 53 Akhal-Teke horses from Turkmenia and started breeding them at the Tersk stud farm.
	www.turanianhorse.org /yesterday.html (1783 words)

	artnet.com: Resource Library: Akhmedov, Abdulla (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Its sides are defined by the isolated masses of the principal buildings designed by Akhmedov: the headquarters (1967) of the Karakumstroy Trust, the Library of the Republic of Turkmenia (1969–74) and the memorial to Revolution (1970s).
		The character of the buildings is unified by the use of complex forms and powerful, expressive sculpting of the surfaces of monolithic reinforced concrete.
		Particular originality can be seen in the architecture of the Library of the Republic of Turkmenia, where the interiors of the reading rooms are arranged around small courtyards with ‘aquatic joke’ fountains.
	www.artnet.com /library/00/0013/T001364.asp (433 words)

	Articles - Through the deserts of Kazakhstan and Turkmenia.
		The main goal of the expedition was acquaintance with nature of deserts in Western Turkmenia.
		Closer to Krasnovodsk where the road from Kuuli-Mayaki village crossed the mainroad these was another police station.
		In Turkmenia the police like to check passports at each control station so it is better not to keep them on the bottom of your bags.
	tourkz.com /eng/articles/desert.html (2940 words)

	Od marca Turkmenia wstrzyma dostawy gazu dla Gazpromu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Od września Turkmenia chce zakręcić kurek z gazem dla Gazpromu, bo Rosjanie nie chcą płacić drożej za dodatkowe dostawy surowca.
		Turkmenia była gotowa dostarczyć surowiec, ale po 100 dol.
		• Od marca Turkmenia wstrzyma dostawy gazu dla Ga...
	gospodarka.gazeta.pl /gospodarka/1,33181,3452096.html?skad=rss (591 words)

	Sergey Lavrov Follows Footsteps of Condoleezza Rice - Kommersant Moscow
		The negotiations of the Russian minister in Ashgabat and Tashkent, which are happening a week after the Asian tour of U.S. State Secretary Condoleezza Rica, have important meaning for the Kremlin.
		The working visits of Sergey Lavrov to Turkmenia and Uzbekistan will become in the way an “asymmetrical answer” of Moscow for the recent visit of Condoleezza Rice in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzia and Turkmenia.
		When Lavrov discusses economic bloc of questions, he will have to persuade Saparmurat Niyazov of the necessity to hold on to the conditions of Russian-Turkmen long-term agreement about the natural gas, which was signed on April 10, 2003.
	www.kommersant.com /page.asp?id=619395 (1008 words)

	"INKAR" Foundation of Social and Economic Development
		The aim of the Foundation is to promote development of democratic processes in the Caspian region.
		The territory of our activity is the Aktyubinsk region: the first stage (1997-1998), the Western Kazakhstan; the second stage (1998-1999), the Caspian region; the third stage (1999-2000), including Republic of Turkmenia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Iran.
		Osadchiyi is a journalist at a regional newspaper in the Republic of Kazakhstan and Republic of Turkmenia.
	www.civilsoc.org /nisorgs/kazak/inkar.htm (276 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Shell's Turkmenia-Turkey gas pipeline deal meets peaceful US policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		This is necessary to prevent the investments into the power industry and the region's development from being tied down as a result of some sort of a regional conflict or instability, he pointed out.
		A recent publication of The Washington Post dealt with the talks of Shell with the governments of Turkmenia and Iran on the construction of a gas pipeline.
		The newspaper noted that this was the second large deal, concluded in the recent period between a European company and Tehran.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/company/cnm74614.htm (344 words)

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