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Topic: Turkmenian language

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Language families and languages

Altaic languages

	Fires of Heaven Guild Message Board - heiniken commercial
		Language is not a product of one or another base, old or new, within the given society, but of the whole course of the history of the society and of the history of the bases for many centuries.
		Language exists, language has been created precisely in order to serve society as a whole, as a means of intercourse between people, in order to be common to the members of society and constitute the single language of society, serving members of society equally, irrespective of their class status.
		Language, on the contrary, is connected with man's productive activity directly, and not only with man's productive activity, but with all his other activity in all his spheres of work, from production to the base, and from the base to the superstructure.
	www.fohguild.org /forums/screenshots/14963-heiniken-commercial-print.html (1611 words)

	Talk:Turkish language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The section "Other languages" is completely irrelevant to this article, since it is about language minorities in the state of Turkey while this article is about Turkish as a seperate language.
		Language of Azeris in Iran is Osmanli, not Azerbaijani.
		The statement mentions only three languages from the Oghuz group of the Turkic languages, with which Turkish is highly mutually intelligible and which are in some contexts regarded as dialects of the same language rather than being separate languages themselves.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Turkish_language (6039 words)

	World congress on language policies
		Language policy is part and parcel of national policy as a whole, since general attitude to ethnoses and ethnic groups determines a set of measures taken by the state, political parties, classes, social groups to change or preserve the existing distribution of languages, to introduce new or preserve existing linguistic norms.
		Language policy, along with ethnic self-consciousness, value orientations of native speakers of a certain language, are subjective factors of the concrete language situation, since they exert deliberate impact of society upon the functions of the language.
		The national language of the RF - the language of national unity is one of the Slavic languages, the mother tongue of an absolute majority of the population - the Russian language.
	www.linguapax.org /congres/taller/taller3/Mikhalchenko.html (3312 words)

	balochistan sistan and balouchestan of iran all about baloch and balochistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Moscow was always for the Turkmenian Baloch the force which helped them to stand against the domination of the Turkmens, and in spite of all the difficulties, they had some opportunities for education (there were special quotas in different institutes for the Baloch students) and cultural progress.
		But after switching to Cyrillic script for minor languages of Turkistan, due to lack of special national policy towards the minorities, financial problems and the switch of education at all levels to Russian and Turkmen etc., Balochi was not further developed as a written language.
		The dialect of the Turkmenian Baloch belongs to the Western Group of Balochi dialects, to the Rakhshānī dialects.
	www.baloch2000.org /culture/language/turkamenstan.htm (2518 words)

	Marxism and Problems of Linguistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It is said that the theory that languages develop by stages is a Marxist theory, since it recognizes the necessity of sudden explosions as a condition for the transition of a language from an old quality to a new.
		Language (spoken) has already begun to surrender its functions to the latest inventions which are unreservedly conquering space, while thinking is on the up-grade, departing from its unutilized accumulations in the past and its new acquisitions, and is to oust and fully replace language.
		He seems to think that gesture language and the language of words are of equal significance, that at one time human society had no language of words, that "hand" language at that time played the part of the language of words which appeared later.
	www.marxists.org /reference/archive/stalin/works/1950/jun/20.htm (10748 words)

	Silk Road Akhal-Tekes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the native language of Turkmenistan, "Akhal" means pure and "Teke" is the name of one of the tribes which has been breeding the horse for thousands of years.
		Turkmenian stocks have had a profound influence on the development of modern horse breeds including the English Thoroughbred.
		It is now hypothesized that at least of the three founding sires of the Thoroughbred had Turkmenian blood either in addition to or instead of the previously assumed Arabian background.
	rarehorses.com (707 words)

	languagesexpl
		Lithuanian and Latvian (or Lettish) are Baltic languages.
		The Kordofanian languages are spoken in the Sudan.
		Kanuri is spoken in Nigeria and Niger, Dinka and Luo in Kenya, Masai in Tanzania.
	www.wgn.org /languagesexpl.htm (2642 words)

	[No title]
		Not very much has been done to study their language and culture, ev en though some studies on the Balochi language and Balochi culture were made in Moscow and Leningrad (present-day St. Petersburg) during the Soviet period.
		But after switching to Cyrillic script for minor languages of Turkistan, due to lack of special national policy towards the minorities, financial problems and the switch of education at all levels to Russian and Turkmen etc., Balochi was no t further developed as a written language.
		The dialect of the Turkmenian Baloch belongs to the Western Group of Balochi dialects, to the Rakhsh\u257\'3fn\u299\'3f dialects.
	www4.tpg.com.au /users/goshti/moshkalo.rtf (2236 words)

	HEKİMBAŞI SALİH BİN NASRULLAH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the Kirghisian language the particle (-sor, -bu/-sor, -ny/-nu) is an affix, which stands close to the particles by the meaning.
		In the Turkmenian language the particle- mor/-mu is unstressed and it is written together with the word to which it belongs.
		In such languages as Altai, Kazakh, Nogai, Turinien, Khackas, Shor the particle se is written separatly and it is considered as the interrogative particle.
	www.akmb.gov.tr /turkce/books/turkkong3-2/tk3-2-38-bicheldey.htm (1186 words)

	Anthropology (Languages)
		The other main regional languages are Turkish, Azari, Kurdish, Arabic and Lori; and there are dozens of other tongues throughout the 26 provinces, such as Gilaki, Baluchi and Turkmen.
		The literary language is virtually identical in Iran and Afghanistan, with very minor lexical differences.
		Language varieties in Suleimaniya, Iraq and Qazwin, Iran may be inherently intelligible with it.
	www.farhangsara.com /language.htm (1800 words)

	Baluchi language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In Central Asia where different language areas are mixed it is sometimes hard to identify the exact borders between different tongues, and due to insufficient knowledge on the subject the total number of Baluchi speakers is again undefined: about 4,5 million people.
		Linguists argue whether Baluchi is an ergative or a nominative language: in the past of the verbs the transitive ones use ergative constructions, intransitive - nominative constructions.
		Indic languages (mainly Urdu) in Pakistan, Iranian languages (Pashto, Dari, Persian) in Iran and Afghanistan, Turkish languages (Turkmenian) in Turkmenistan
	language.babaev.net /tree/iran/baluchi.html (307 words)

	Makhtumquli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		He might even be the first Turkmenian poet to use the Arabic meters in verse.
		In the middle of the 19th century, Makhtumquli's contributions were given a new life by Mollanepes (circa 1810-62) who, like Myatadshi (1824-1884) who followed him, rose agaist the despotism of the rulers.
		Today, among the Turkmenian poets, painters, and intellectuals, he is recalled as the most cherished symbol of liberation.
	www.iles.umn.edu /Faculty/bashiri/Courses/Makhtum.html (893 words)

	Ethnologue: Pakistan
		A distinct language from its neighbors; 47% lexical similarity with Shumashti, 44% with Dameli, 42% with Savi and Grangali.
		Second languages are Urdu for the educated, with varied proficiency, and Pashto or Panjabi.
		Shina is the primary language in Gilgit and Diamer districts.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/ethno/Pakn.html (4028 words)

	Baltimore Independent Media Center: Language and Culture of the Baloch in Turkmenistan
		Language and Culture of the Baloch in Turkmenistan
		According to the data of the 1959 census in the USSR, 7 800 Baloch lived in the Soviet Socialist Republic of Turkmenistan, in the valley of the Murghab river, in the districts of Bayram-Ali, Turkmen-Kala and Iolotan, and 94,9 % of them considered Balochi to be their mother tongue.
		In the 1970 census there were 12 600 Baloch in Turkmenistan, and 91,8 % regarded Balochi as their native language.
	baltimore.indymedia.org /newswire/display/12403/index.php (2579 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The new edition is supposed to play an important role in the upbringing of the Turkmenian soldier in the spirit of high-standing patriotism.
		One of the main tasks of this structure is to cooperate with the local authorities in the sphere of language development, to coordinate a unified policy in this sphere.
		It is noted that the public opinion about the necessity to expand the power of the state organ dealing with the language development influenced the creation of the committee.
	www.cjes.ru /bulletin/?bulletin_id=1411%E2%8C%A9=eng (1274 words)

	Language families, groups, subgroups of languages.
		Languages spoken in Nigeria, Cameroon and Chad: Biu-Mandara, Masa, Hausa, Bole, Tangale, Angas, Yivom, Fyer, Ron, Bade, Duwai, Boghom, Guruntum, Zaar
		Languages of the Andaman Islands in the gulf of Bengala
		Language spoken in the Hunza valley, in Pakistan.
	www.planetservices.it /english/language-family-groups.htm (715 words)

	Ethnologue: Turkmenistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Of those, 2 are living languages and 1 is extinct.
		Turkmen is used as the literary language in Turkmenistan.
		The literary language is based on the dialect of the Teke; some dialects differ from it.
	www.christusrex.org /www3/ethno/Turm.html (287 words)

	[No title]
		Turkmenian is one of the local languages in Northern Afghanistan, there are about 500.000 ethnic Turkmenians living in that area.
		The Foreign Service of NRC in English and French (other languages not checked) still continues according to sked on 11940, using a 40-year-old 50 kW Philips transmitter which is undermodulated and produces distorted audio.
		The security guard said that the men approached him and told him in the Shona language that he must step aside "lest he dies for something that he is not involved in." The guard says the three men, arrived by foot, and may have parked their car at some distance from the building.
	www.worldofradio.com /dxld2135.txt (12933 words)

	[No title]
		Russian is used as the second language by all except older people as a contact language, for literature, and urban professional and cultural life.
		A language association has been formed, and a chair of Shor was formed at the Pedagogical Institute in Novokuzneck.
		Dolgan is the contact language on the Tajmyr Peninsula, and is spoken also by Evenki, Nganasan, and long-term Russian residents.
	www.verbix.com /xml/altaic.xml (2234 words)

	Pravda.RU Turkmenian Airlines cancel two of seven flights to Moscow
		Meanwhile, according to the information provided by the Turkmenian Airlines, air tickets to Moscow were sold out or reserved until mid-July even before "permissive" exit visas were introduced on April 22.
		The unilateral introduction by the Turkmenian authorities of permissive exit visas since April 22 for Turkmenian residents, who also have Russian citizenship, denies a possibility of unhindered air flights to Russia to about 100,000 people in Turkmenistan.
		Two of the seven regular weekly flights between Ashgabad and Moscow performed by the Turkmenian Airlines have been cancelled, a RIA Novosti correspondent was told by a source in the Turkmenian Airlines office.
	newsfromrussia.com /world/2003/05/16/47016.html (2127 words)

	PACC
		Of those, 75 are living languages and 2 are extinct.
		Eshtehardi may be the same language as some other dialects spoken to the southwest of Qazvin.
		Kohgiluyeh va Boyerahmad Province (Yasuj is center of Boyerahmadi, Dehdasht is center of Kohgiluyeh), eastern Khuzestan Province (Kohgiluyeh), Northwestern Fars Province (Nurabad is center of Mamasani, Shul is center of Shuli), Shiraz.
	ctr.usf.edu /pacc/Iran/Culture/Language.html (1839 words)

	Tagalog Dutch translation
		translation to 70 languages of one phrase - "we are all one"
		, Turkish <> Urdu, Turkish <> Turkmenian, Turkish...
		, Urdu <> Turkish, Urdu <> Turkmenian, Urdu <>...
	www.translatorscafe.com /translations/Tagalog/Dutch (598 words)

	Easy Turkish
		Turkish is the official languge of Turkey, where it is the native language of more than 90% of the population, ie 60 million people.
		From the very beginning of its Anatolian period, Turkish was written in the Arabic script, until the Latin scrpt was adopted in the course of the writing reform of 1928.
		Turkish is by far the largest language in the Turkic family.
	perso.orange.fr /babel-site/turkce1.htm (358 words)

	Regional Names in the Central and Eastern Parts of the Balkan Peninsula - Peter Koledarov
		This name would have been widely used in the spoken language, by the people and for this reason it was adopted by the authorities as well.
		The distribution of the ethnical groups on the Balkan Peninsula is given at the time of their establishment and the formation of Slav nationalities and the boundaries of the spread of South-Slavonic languages are indicated there.
		Thus, for instance, in the Turkmenian language the word ‘okari’ denotes, 'East', i.e.
	vmro.150m.com /en/pk/pkoled.html (6918 words)

	Turkmenian Language info here at en.10-years.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A marketing Turkmenian language Turkmenian language't Turkmenian language in an ezine that deals with gardening.
		In 1979 with the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, the Turkmenian people have also been actively supporting their own interest and human rights.
		Turkmen is in the Turkic family; recurrently grouped in the larger, but disputed Altaic language family.
	en.10-years.info /Turkmenian_language (985 words)

	Languages translated - translation
		Table of information regarding the languages translated and sample translations in PDF and HTML format.
		Click on the languages of interest to access the relating chart containing the language name in the relevant language, the number of people who speak said language and the countries where it is spoken.
		For some languages, it is possible to view a sample page in Html and Pdf.
	www.soget.com /Languages.asp (218 words)

	Column Explanation at SatcoDX Satellite Control Center
		The main language in use by the channel.
		In cases where more than one language is in use on a single soundtrack, or when more programmes share one channel, the language in use during the primetime viewing period is chosen, with other languages listed in the comments/extra information column (available from the SatcoDX World of Satellites software).
		Where multiple soundtracks with different languages are transmitted, these are shown on additional lines on the SatcoDX chart.
	www.satcodx.com /explanation/language.shtml (85 words)

	languages
		National or official languages: Eastern Farsi, Western Pashto.
		The number of languages listed for Afghanistan is 45.
		PASHAYI, SOUTHWEST 108,000 or.6% of the population (1982), including all Pashayi languages or dialects.
	www.afghanology.com /languages.html (281 words)

	Caspian Energy
		In 1973 he graduated from Foreign Languages Faculty (Department of English Language) under the Turkmenian State Teacher's Training College.
		One of the most important aspects of the oil and gas strategy created by the President of Turkmenistan Saparmurad Turkmenbashi is development of multichoice pipeline infrastructure able to provide export of the Turkmenian energy recourses to the world markets.
		According to the document, Shell and the Turkmenian state-owned companies "Turkmengas" and "Turkmenneft" should establish consortia which will be committed by the government to carry out exploration and production on prospect gas structures in the east and west of the state.
	www.caspenergy.com /no4rus9.html (1611 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:tuk
		The so-called 'Turkmen' in Syria, and possibly Iraq and Jordan, actually speak an ancient form of Turkmen; so-called 'Turkmen' in Tibet may speak a different Turkic language.
		Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%.
		Comments on discourse structures in ten Turkic languages.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=tuk (224 words)

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