Turkomans of Iraq - Factbites

Turkomans of Iraq - Factbites
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Topic: Turkomans of Iraq

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	The Seljuk Empire (1040 - 1157 AD) - S.Shaw
		With the new army and bureaucracy organized and financed, the Turkomans could be and were pushed out of the settled areas of Iran and Iraq as rapidly as possible.
		At the same time, a strong and able caliph, al-Nasir suppressed many of the independent Turkomans in Iraq and established direct caliphal rule once again, even getting the Assassins of Alamut to refrain from their terroristic policies in return for recognition of autonomy.
		The Turkomans, therefore, now remained in the Great Seljuk possessions, continuing their attacks on the settled populations and resisting Nizam ul-Mulk's efforts to strengthen orthodoxy as the basis of the Seljuk Empire.
	turkmeniya.tripod.com /id8.html

	Encyclopedia: White Sheep Turkmen
		The White Sheep Turkomans officially first acquired land in 1402, when Tamerlane granted them all of Diyar Bakr, in northern Iraq.
		The Safavids, who were Shi'ites, began to undermine the allegiance of many White Sheep Turkomans, particularly Sunnis.
		The Akkoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans ( Azeri-Turkish: Ağqoyunlular / Akkoyunlular) were a Turkoman tribal federation that ruled present day Azerbaijan, eastern Anatolia, northern Iraq and western Iran from 1378 to 1508.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/White-Sheep-Turkmen

	Encyclopedia: White Sheep Turkmen
		The White Sheep Turkomans officially first acquired land in 1402, when Tamerlane granted them all of Diyar Bakr, in northern Iraq.
		The Akkoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans (Azeri-Turkish: Ağqoyunlular/Akkoyunlular) were a Turkoman tribal federation that ruled present day Azerbaijan, eastern Anatolia, northern Iraq and western Iran from 1378 to 1508.
		The Safavids and the White Sheep Turkomans met in battle at Nakhichevan in 1501, and the Safavid leader Ismail I forced the White Sheep Turkomans to withdraw.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/White-Sheep-Turkmen

	The Turkmen of Iraq
		The Turkomans of Iraq originally came from central Asia, in a migration that took place over several hundred years, beginning in the 7th century AD.
		More recently, the creation of a "safe haven" for the Kurds in northern Iraq after the 1991 Gulf War resulted in additional problems for the Turkomans.
		The use of Turkish in schools, government offices and the media was previously allowed under the 1925 constitution, but restrictions began to be imposed from 1972 onwards.
	www.al-bab.com /arab/background/turkoman.htm

	Articles - Ak Koyunlu
		The White Sheep Turkomans officially first acquired land in 1402, when Tamerlane granted them all of Diyar Bakr, in northern Iraq.
		The Akkoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans (Azeri-Turkish: AÄŸqoyunlular/Akkoyunlular) were a Turkoman tribal federation that ruled present-day Azerbaijan, eastern Anatolia, northern Iraq and western Iran from 1378 to 1508.
		As early as 1464, Uzun Hasan had requested military aid from one of the Ottoman Empire's strongest enemies, Venice, however, despite Venetian promises, this aid never arrived, and as a result, Uzun Hasan was defeated by the Ottomans at Tercan in 1473, though this did not destroy the White Sheep Turkomans.
	www.free-biz.org /articles/Ak_Koyunlu

	wiki/Baghdad, Iraq Definition / wiki/Baghdad, Iraq Research
		In the terminology of the common law in many jurisdictions (according to Black's Law Dictionary), the crime of kidnapping is labelled abduction when the victim is a woman.
		Those dangers included kidnapping In criminal law, kidnapping is the taking away of a person against the person's will, usually to hold the person in false imprisonment (confinement without legal authority) for ransom or in furtherance of another crime.
		In modern usage, kidnapping or abduction of a child is often called child stealing (the word "kidnapping" was originally...
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/Baghdad,_Iraq

	JTW News - The Identity of Kirkuk -1-
		Umar, “The Forgotten Minority Turkomans of Iraq”, Inquiry, February 1987, p.40
		Today, the White Sheep (Akkoyunlu) and the Black Sheep (Karakoyunlu) are the surnames of two well-known Turkmen families who live in Kirkuk and Erbil.
		Until Shah Ismail, the founder of Safavi State destroyed the White Sheep state in 1508, the region and Kirkuk had remained under the control of the White Sheep state16.
	www.turkishweekly.net /news.php?id=14497

	wiki/Rulers of Kara Koyunlu Definition / wiki/Rulers of Kara Koyunlu Research
		Killed by Uzun Hasan of the Ak Koyunlu The Akkoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans (Azeri-Turkish: Ağqoyunlular/Akkoyunlular) were a Turkoman tribal federation that ruled present-day Azerbaijan, eastern Anatolia, northern Iraq and western Iran from 1378 to 1508....
		List of Rulers of Kara Koyunlu The Karakoyunlu or the Black Sheep Turkomans (Azeri-Turkish: Qaraqoyunlular/Karakoyunlular) were a Turkoman tribal federation that ruled what is today Azerbaijan, including present-day northwestern Iran and Iraq from 1375 to 1468....
		[click for more] ( The Horde of the Black Sheep)
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/Rulers_of_Kara_Koyunlu

	XMarriage.3706
		The Turkomans are gathered in central and northeastern Iraq, mainly about Altun Keupri and Koi Sanjaq, and have been unspectacular in national affairs, largely farmers and shepherds, a remnant of the famous Horde of the White Sheep.
		There are Persian minorities in the cities of central and southern Iraq, but they fall under the religious classification of Shi'ah and there seems to be no conflict between them and Arabs of their own persuasion.
		A survey of the lists of officials and army officers reveals the remarkable extent to which the survivors of Ottoman rule have retained their position in the government service.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Mar_dir/XMarriage.3706

	Islam Genealogy 11
		Turkomans from north-central Anatolia, who overran north-western Iran and Iraq
		also Turkomans from north-central Anatolia, who ruled in north-western Iran and Iraq
		Although only partly Mongol, he emulated the conquests of Genghis Khan before him.
	www.aoti76.dsl.pipex.com /islam_gen11.htm

	Islam Genealogy 11
		Turkomans from north-central Anatolia, who overran north-western Iran and Iraq
		also Turkomans from north-central Anatolia, who ruled in north-western Iran and Iraq
		Although only partly Mongol, he emulated the conquests of Genghis Khan before him.
	www.aoti76.dsl.pipex.com /islam_gen11.htm

	Encyclopedia: Mosul
		Mosul and its large Kurdish population were significantly affected by the anti-Kurdish campaigns of the deposed former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, particularly during the 1990s when the Kurdish population mounted an unsuccessful revolt against the regime.
		Mosul is a Kurdish city, with minority populations of Assyrians, and Turkomans.
		During the 2003 occupation of Iraq, AFN Iraq ("Freedom Radio") broadcast news and entertainment within Mosul, among other locations.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Mosul (3684 words)

	Encyclopedia: Iraq
		Between 75-80% of Iraq's population consists of Arabic speakers (mainly Iraqi but some Hejazi); the other major ethnic groups are the Kurds (15-20%), Assyrians (4%), and Turkomans (3%) who mostly live in the north and north-east of the country.
		Iraq's seizure of Kuwait in August 1990, subsequent international economic sanctions, and damage from military action by an international coalition beginning in January 1991 drastically reduced economic activity.
		Large parts of Iraq consist of desert, but the area between the two major rivers Euphrates and Tigris is fertile, with the rivers carrying about 60 million cubic meters of silt annually to the delta.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Iraq (9343 words)

	Mosul, Iraq
		Mosul, 396 km north of Baghdad, is Iraq's
		The markets are particularly interesting not simply for themselves alone but for the mixture of types who jostle there: Arabs, Kurds, Assyrians and Turkomans.
		The Mosul House is a beautiful, old-style building, constructed around a central courtyard and with an impressive facade of Mosul marble.
	www.atlastours.net /iraq/mosul.html (484 words)

	Iraq - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Between 75-80% of Iraq's population consists of Arabic speakers (mainly Iraqi but some Hejazi); the other major ethnic groups are the Kurds (15-20%), and Turkomans (3%) who live in the north and north-east of the country.
		Iraq is considered to be one of the fifteen lands that comprise the so-called "Cradle of Humanity".
		Although government policies supporting large military and internal security forces and allocating resources to key supporters of the Ba`ath Party government have hurt the economy, implementation of the United Nations' oil-for-food program, started in December 1996, was to have improved conditions for the average Iraqi citizen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iraq (484 words)

	Kara Koyunlu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, in 1400, the armies of Tamerlane defeated the Black Sheep Turkomans, and Kara Yusuf fled to Egypt and sought refuge with the Mamelukes.
		The Black Sheep Turkomans were vassals of the Jalayirid dynasty in Baghdad and Tabriz from about 1375, when the leader of their leading tribe, ruled over Mosul.
		In 1466, Jihan Shah attempted to take Diyar Bakr from the White Sheep Turkomans, however, this was a catastrophic failure resulting on Jihan Shah's death and the collapse of the Black Sheep Turkoman's control in the Middle East.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Black_Sheep_Turkmen (484 words)

	Iraq - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Between 75-80% of Iraq's population consists of Arabic speakers (mainly Iraqi but some Hejazi); the other major ethnic groups are the Kurds (15-20%), Assyrians (4%), and Turkomans (3%) who mostly live in the north and north-east of the country.
		Iraq's seizure of Kuwait in August 1990, subsequent international economic sanctions, and damage from military action by an international coalition beginning in January 1991 drastically reduced economic activity.
		Iraq was under Ba'ath Party rule from 1968 to 2003, in 1979 Saddam Hussein took leadership and became president until 2003.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iraq (2677 words)

	Iraq - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Between 75-80% of Iraq's population consists of Arabic speakers (mainly Iraqi but some Hejazi); the other major ethnic groups are the Kurds (15-20%), Assyrians (4%), and Turkomans (3%) who mostly live in the north and north-east of the country.
		Iraq is considered to be one of the fifteen lands that comprise the so-called "Cradle of Humanity".
		Iraq's seizure of Kuwait in August 1990, subsequent international economic sanctions, and damage from military action by an international coalition beginning in January 1991 drastically reduced economic activity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iraq (2677 words)

	For Kurds, life goes 'from bad to best'
		Sulaymaniyah, surrounded by the rocky mountains of northern Iraq, is a far cry from the drab, war-torn world of Baghdad.
		Sulaymaniyah, along with northern towns and villages in Dohuk and Irbil governates, has not been under the direct rule of the Iraqi central government since the United States and Britain imposed the no-fly zone.
		Virtually independent from Iraq, the Kurdish stronghold has prospered in recent years, and there are no scars of the latest war.
	www.puk.org /web/htm/news/nws/news030612.html (2677 words)

	Kara Koyunlu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Black Sheep Turkomans were vassals of the Jalayirid dynasty in Baghdad and Tabriz from about 1375, when the leader of their leading tribe, ruled over Mosul.
		However, in 1400, the armies of Tamerlane defeated the Black Sheep Turkomans, and Kara Yusuf fled to Egypt and sought refuge with the Mamelukes.
		In 1466, Jihan Shah attempted to take Diyar Bakr from the White Sheep Turkomans, however, this was a catastrophic failure resulting on Jihan Shah's death and the collapse of the Black Sheep Turkoman's control in the Middle East.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Black_Sheep_Turkmen (2677 words)

	All about Kara Koyunlu - RecipeLand.com Reference library
		The Black Sheep Turkomans were vassals of the Jalayirid dynasty in Baghdad and Tabriz from about 1375, when the leader of their leading tribe, ruled over Mosul.
		However, in 1400, the armies of Tamerlane defeated the Black Sheep Turkomans, and Kara Yusuf fled to Egypt and sought refuge with the Mamelukes.
		In 1466, Jihan Shah attempted to take Diyar Bakr from the White Sheep Turkomans, however, this was a catastrophic failure resulting on Jihan Shah's death and the collapse of the Black Sheep Turkoman's control in the Middle East.
	www.recipeland.com /encyclopaedia/index.php/Black_Sheep_Turkmen (2677 words)

	T U R K E Y
		The ruling class was made up of two rival elements: Muslim Turkomans, Arabs, and Iranians, who together constituted the Turkish aristocracy that dominated the Ottoman system during the 14th and 15th centuries; and Christian prisoners and slaves, recruited, converted, and educated through the famous devshirme system.
		The peaceful acquisition of Turkoman lands by purchase, marriage, and the sowing of dissension within the ruling dynasties was, however, acceptable, and the Ottomans thus took over large territories in western Anatolia.
		In Anatolia, the Turkoman nomads used the resulting anarchy to form a series of principalities, nominally under the suzerainty of Rum, which in turn was dominated by the Mongols.
	www.1001medrecipes.com /mTURKEY.htm (2677 words)

	Turkomans (Iraq)
		Kasapoglu was a flag different from that [previously] shown on Flags of the World for the Iraqi Turkomans [actually the flag of the Iraqi National Turkoman Party].
		The Turkoman flag is similar to the flag [formerly] shown as the Turkoman flag on Flags of the World [actually the flag of the Iraqi National Turkoman Party].
		This is the flag of the Iraqi National Turkoman Party.
	flagspot.net /flags/iq-turkm.html (1176 words)

	Iraq Books 2000-2002
		The Turkomans of Iraq as a factor in Turkish foreign policy : socio-political and demographic perspectives.
		Iraq under siege : the deadly impact of sanctions and war.
		A second major development is the increasing proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery by the nations of Iran, Iraq, Libya, and North Korea, January 20 and March 16, 1999.
	www.arabinfoseek.com /iraq_books_2000-2002.htm (1176 words)

	Iraq - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Between 75-80% of Iraq's population consists of Arabic speakers (mainly Iraqi but some Hejazi); the other major ethnic groups are the Kurds (15-20%), Assyrians (4%), and Turkomans (3%) who mostly live in the north and north-east of the country.
		Iraq is considered to be one of the fifteen lands that comprise the so-called "Cradle of Humanity".
		Iraq's seizure of Kuwait in August 1990, subsequent international economic sanctions, and damage from military action by an international coalition beginning in January 1991 drastically reduced economic activity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iraq (2655 words)

	1473 [Definition]
		Uzun Hassan defeated Jihan Shah, prince of the Black Sheep Turkomans in 1467....
		[click for more] defeats the White Sheep Turkmens lead by Uzun Hasan Uzun Hassan, prince of the Ak-koyunla dynasty, or White Sheep Turkmen, ruled parts of western Persia, Iraq and Turkey between 1435 and 1478.
		He was also the first Ottoman ruler to claim the titles of caliph, supreme ruler of all Muslims, and Caesar of Rome, supreme ruler of all Christians, besides such usual titles as king, sultan (ruler of a Muslim state), Han or Khan (ruler of Turks), etc....
	www.wikimirror.com /1473 (2655 words)

	Iraqi council faces many hurdles csmonitor.com
		Relations between the interim council and the CPA have been good, Kanna says, although he and other members voice some criticisms of the coalition's handling of security problems in Iraq.
		The council's 25 members represent all Iraq's ethnic groups including the roughly 75 percent who are Arab, 15 percent who are Kurdish, and the rest who include Turkomans and Assyrians.
		Other primary tasks of the council include: establishing ministries and appointing ministers - which is ongoing this week; selecting Iraqi envoys to other countries; setting national economic, education, and health policy; and creating a commission to draft a new national constitution.
	www.csmonitor.com /2003/0807/p06s01-woiq.html (2655 words)

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Topic: Turkomans of Iraq

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