Turn (biochemistry)

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Topic: Turn (biochemistry)

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	Turn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In biochemistry, a turn is a U-shaped four residue segment of a protein.
		In geometry, a turn is a unit of angular measure equal to 360°.
		Generally, a turn can be a change of the direction of a movement or a change in orientation, and it is often also used in a metaphorical sense, contrary to straight.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turn (403 words)

	Disulfide bond effects on protein stability: Designed variants of Cucurbita maxima trypsin inhibitor-V -- Zavodszky et al. 10 (1): 149 -- Protein Science
		Wang, Y. and Shortle, D. Residual helical and turn structure in the denatured state of staphylococcal nuclease: Analysis of peptide fragments.
		Johnson, C.M., Oliveberg, M., Clarke, J., and Fersht, A.R. Thermodynamics of denaturation of mutants of barnase with disulfide crosslinks.
		Shortle, D. The denatured state (the other half of the folding equation) and its role in protein stabillity.
	www.proteinscience.org /cgi/content/full/10/1/149 (5446 words)

	Dr. Carl Frieden's Reference Page
		Kim, Keehyuk, Ragulan Ramanathan, and Carl Frieden (1997) Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein: A specific residue in one turn stabilizes the native structure and is responsible for the slow refolding.
		Li, H. and Frieden, C. Phenylalanine side chain behavior of the intestinal fatty acid binding protein: The effect of urea on backbone and side chain stability.
		Rajabzadeh M. Kao J and Frieden, C. Consequences of single-site mutations in the intestinal fatty acid binding protein.
	www.biochem.wustl.edu /cflab/ref.html (1099 words)

	Re: besides drugs what would inhibit a neurotransmitter attaching to receptor
		Certain drugs can bind at sites other the ligand binding site and cause allosteric changes in the conformation of the receptor which in turn can alter the affinity of the ligand binding site.
		Glutamate binds at the ligand binding site and causes the NMDA receptor to open an intrinsic cation channel which is also part of its structure.
		So you see, it's not just the binding site itself that determines the affinity for the ligand but rather the global state of the receptor.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/feb2000/951781395.Bc.r.html (319 words)

	Title Index
		Others call for downloading and studying files from the Protein Data Bank.All exercises are linked to a biochemistry topics list, which, in turn, is linked to learning strategies.
		Graphics exercises for introductory biochemistry, arranged according to typical topics in a 3rd-or 4th-year college course.
		Learning Biochemistry with Deep View: A Gallery of Graphics Exercises for Introductory Biochemistry:
	molvis.sdsc.edu /visres/deepview/titles.jsp (571 words)

	Bioinfo Online - Academic Researchers Turn to Spotfire for Advanced Discovery Capabilities - Microarray - News
		The Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry at Martinsried and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) at Heidelberg, both leading research centers in Europe, are utilizing Spotfire DecisionSite to dramatically enhance their research capabilities.
		Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry at Martinsried and German Cancer Research Center at Heidelberg to Enrich German Research Community with New Capabilities
		These institutions were showcased during Spotfire's European User Conference held in Köln, Germany, where researchers presented case studies.
	www.bioinfo-online.net /modules/news/article.php?storyid=70 (571 words)

	Bioinfo Online - Academic Researchers Turn to Spotfire for Advanced Discovery Capabilities - Microarray - News
		The Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry at Martinsried and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) at Heidelberg, both leading research centers in Europe, are utilizing Spotfire DecisionSite to dramatically enhance their research capabilities.
		Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry at Martinsried and German Cancer Research Center at Heidelberg to Enrich German Research Community with New Capabilities
		"We take a very collaborative approach to research," commented Dr. Friedrich Lottspeich, the President of the German Society of Proteomics Research and head of Protein Analytics at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry at Martinsried.
	www.bioinfo-online.net /modules/news/article.php?storyid=70 (714 words)

	What is Natural Medicine?
		Naturopathic Medicine was first established as a distinct profession in North America at the turn of the 20th century by Benedict Lust, a German immigrant.
		Naturopathic Medicine in practice considers the fundamental components of health - biochemistry, biomechanics, and the emotional predisposition - in order to help a person restore the balance that we describe as good health.
		Naturopathic doctors treat their patients holistically, taking into consideration the individual's biochemistry, biomechanics, and emotional predispositions.
	www.naturodoc.com /cardinal/naturopathy/whatisNM.htm (2371 words)

	News: Brandeis University alumnus Roderick MacKinnon receives the 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
		MacKinnon returned to Brandeis in 1986, choosing to continue postdoctoral studies in the laboratory of his undergraduate mentor Christopher Miller, professor of biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator.
		Roderick MacKinnon, who graduated from Brandeis magna cum laude in 1978, receiving his bachelor's degree with high honors in biochemistry, is this year's recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
		His more recent turn to x-ray crystallography has yielded the first high-resolution structure of a specific ion channel, the bacterial potassium channel, and with it the first atomic-level understanding of the structural basis of ion selectivity in ion channel proteins.
	my.brandeis.edu /news/item?news_item_id=102116 (660 words)

	References about Calbindin D9k
		Kordel, J., Forsen, S., Drakenberg, T., Chazin, W.J The rate and structural consequences of proline cis-trans isomerization in calbindin D9k: NMR studies of the minor (Cis-Pro43) isoform and the Pro43Gly mutant (1990) Biochemistry 29, 4000-4009.
		Chazin, W.J, Kordel, J., Thulin, E., Hoffmann, T., Drakenberg, T., Forsen, S. Identification of an isoaspartyl linkage formed upon deamidation of bovine calbindin D9k and structural characterization by 2D 1H NMR (1989) Biochemistry 28, 8646-8653.
		Summary: A series of mutants were made in an attempt to turn the pseudo-EF hand loop into a canonical one.
	structbio.vanderbilt.edu /chazin/cabp_database/general/refs/calb9_ref.html (2946 words)

	Essential Amino Acid Vitamin Supplements For Smokers-Alcohol-Drugs
		Amino acids serve as the building blocks of all proteins and hormones while also acting as essential neurotransmitters throughout the body, communicating instructions which literally 'turn on' and 'turn off' many different life functions.
		Amino Acids are the most fundamental BioFactor of Life, playing many parts in the body's biochemistry.
		This amino acid supplement is for preventative measures, bolstering the body's abilities to maintain health and biochemical balance, acting like a multiple vitamin, yet more powerful in supplying the body with the necessary nutrition to fight against future poor health.
	www.discount-herbal-nutritional-supplements.com /store/PPF/parameters/141_13/more_info.asp (486 words)

	Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - Chem*4520 Metabolic Processes
		NADH and acetyl CoA are activators of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (protein) kinase, which in turn reduces the dehydrogenase activity by phosphorylating key serine residues.
		Pyruvate in turn may derive from glycolysis or amino acid breakdown.
		The two enzymes, pyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate dehydrogenase, control the use of pyruvate and are reciprocally regulated.
	www.chembio.uoguelph.ca /educmat/chm452/lecture9.htm (802 words)

	Irreducible Complexity
		The only way to turn a fish into a land-dwelling animal is to transform it all at once, with a host of interrelated changes happening at the same time---not only lungs but also coadapted changes in the skeleton, the circulatory system, and so on.
		The concept of irreducible complexity was developed by Michael Behe, a Lehigh University professor of biochemistry, in his 1993 book,
		So, too, the fact of irreducible complexity is raising the question of design in living things.
	www.softcom.net /users/wordydave/behe.htm (1212 words)

	Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
		Zvyaga, T. A., Min, K. C., Beck, M. & Sakmar, T. Movement of the Retinylidene Schiff Base Counterion in Rhodopsin by One Helix Turn Reverses the pH Dependency of the Metarhodopsin I to Metarhodopsin II Transition.
		Sakmar, T. & Khorana, H. Total Synthesis and Expression of a Gene for the a-Subunit of Bovine Rod Outer Segment Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein (Transducin).
		Marin, E. P., Krishna, A. & Sakmar, T. Rapid Activation of Transducin by Mutations Distant From the Nucleotide-Binding Site: Evidence for a Mechanistic Model of Receptor-Catalyzed Nucleotide Exchange by G Proteins.
	www.rockefeller.edu /labheads/sakmar/publications.php (1212 words)

	Ethylene Biosynthesis and Signaling Networks -- Wang et al. 14 (Supplement 1): 131 -- THE PLANT CELL
		In the absence of an ethylene signal, ethylene receptors activate a Raf-like kinase, CTR1, and CTR1 in turn negatively regulates the downstream ethylene response pathway, possibly through a MAP-kinase cascade.
		The biochemistry of ethylene biosynthesis has been a subject
		Ethylene binding occurs at the N-terminal transmembrane domain of the receptors, and a copper co-factor is required for the binding.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/14/suppl_1/S131 (1212 words)

	Brain Chemistry Problems
		Seems strange to be able to turn the brain into such 'dry' facts doesn't it!!!
		Taken from 'Biochemistry and the central nervous system' by McIlwain and Bachelard....
		This morning I heard a Dr. talking about chronic pain issues and mentioned that good fish oil helps with depression because the brain needs oil.
	www.askwaltstollmd.com /archives/alzheimers/314337.html (1212 words)

	Paul D. Boyer - Autobiography
		Paul, who had just turned 21, and Lyda Whicker, 20, were married in my father's home on August 31, 1939.
		My father, Dell Delos Boyer, born in 1879 in Springville, Utah, came from the Pennsylvania Boyers, who in turn came from an earlier Bayer ancestry in what is now Holland and Germany.
		In 1950, after my academic competence seemed satisfactorily established, we built a home not far from the St. Paul campus where the Department of Biochemistry was located.
	nobelprize.org /chemistry/laureates/1997/boyer-autobio.html (4440 words)

	Pitt alum to share $1M research prize - PittsburghLIVE.com
		Boyer, a retired professor of biochemistry and biophysics at Pitt, will share the award with research partner Stanley Cohen, of Stanford University, for their discoveries on DNA cloning and genetic engineering, and with Yuet Wai Kan, of the University of California in San Francisco, for separate work with DNA and genetics.
		Three years later, Boyer made a discovery involving Escherichia coli, a common bacteria of the body, that, in turn, led to a collaboration with fellow scientist Stanley Cohen that formed the basis upon which the biotechnology industry was founded.
		Boyer, born in 1936 in the Derry area, attended Derry High School, and stayed "home" to earn all three of his degrees.
	www.pittsburghlive.com /x/search/s_199931.html (415 words)

	Orion "Slave" Girls - Topic Powered by Groupee Community
		Most of the Orion women are indeed "normal", but the Orion men tried to scientifically "enhance" the biochemistry of their slaves in order to make them more desirable (and "valuable").
		The Orion males discover a way of turning the tables on the females and it causes a civil war in the Orion syndicate.
		Remove two dots, and you can turn my city into an idiot village.
	scn.infopop.cc /groupee/forums/a/tpc/f/40310331/m/68610684963 (1173 words)

	Energy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Similarly, gravitational potential energy is converted into the kinetic energy of moving water (and a turbine) in a dam, which in turn is transformed into electric energy by a generator.
		Thus, in molecular biology or biochemistry, energy is the source of all biological processes and is due to the making and breaking of certain chemical bonds in the molecules found in biological organisms.
		Energy, in the distant past, was discussed in terms of easily observable effects it has on the properties of objects or changes in state of various systems.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Energy (2633 words)

	Energy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Similarly, gravitational potential energy is converted into the kinetic energy of moving water (and a turbine) in a dam, which in turn is transformed into electric energy by a generator.
		Thus, in molecular biology or biochemistry, energy is the source of all biological processes and is due to the making and breaking of certain chemical bonds in the molecules found in biological organisms.
		Energy, in the distant past, was discussed in terms of easily observable effects it has on the properties of objects or changes in state of various systems.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Energy (2633 words)

	Molecular electronics (from nanotechnology) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The use of molecules for electronic devices was suggested by Mark Ratner of Northwestern University and Avi Aviram of IBM as early as the 1970s, but proper nanotechnology tools did not become available until the turn of the 21st century.
		Of growing importance since the 1940s, molecular biology developed out of the related fields of biochemistry, genetics, and biophysics.
		Electronics is the branch of physics concerned with the generation and behavior of electrons, as in transistors and electron tubes.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-236446 (755 words)

	RELEASE: Warf to receive national medal of technology
		Founded in 1925 to protect and manage a discovery by biochemistry professor Harry Steenbock that eventually eliminated the childhood disease rickets, WARF is a pioneer in the field of university technology transfer, or the patenting of university ideas and inventions for licensing and development by industry.
		The secretary in turn makes recommendations to the president for final selection.
		The Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF) will be among the recipients of the 2003 National Medal of Technology, an annual award conferred by the president of the United States that recognizes significant and lasting contributions to the country's economic, environmental and social well-being through the development and commercialization of technology.
	www.news.wisc.edu /releases/10710.html (476 words)

	ISTC - Where bacteria hibernate
		Specialists from the Skriabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms RAS in Puschino have established that certain bacteria- plant symbionts – are linked with trees all year round.
		Methylotrophs in their turn emit plant hormones, cytokins and auxins, which stimulate the growth and development of plants.
		Some specialists believe that symbionts fall to the ground together with the leaves, but the Puschino scientists have proven that methylotrophic bacteria are linked to plants regardless of the time of year.
	www.istc.ru /istc/sc.nsf/news/science-news-bacteria-hibernate.htm (476 words)

	Protein Synthesis
		We now turn to the mechanism of protein synthesis, a process called translation because the four-letter alphabet of nucleic acids is translated into the entirely different twenty-letter alphabet of proteins.
		One of the great triumphs in biochemistry in recent years has been the determination of the structure of the ribosome and its components so that its function can be examined in atomic detail (Figure 29.1).
		This chapter focuses primarily on protein synthesis in prokaryotes because it illustrates many general principles and is relatively well understood.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /books/bv.fcgi?rid=stryer.chapter.4122 (351 words)

	Stillwater Palladium : History of Palladium Part 3
		Wollaston made important discoveries in astronomy (the dark lines in the solar spectrum, a crucial tool in stellar astronomy today), biochemistry (he discovered cystine, the first amino acid), physiology (he was the first to postulate that human hearing is limited to certain frequencies), and physics (in atomic theory and crystallography).
		But he soon changed it to palladium, after a different new asteroid: Pallas, which in turn was named after the Greek Goddess of wisdom.
		William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) was a giant figure in the history of platinum and palladium.
	www.stillwaterpalladium.com /history3.html (622 words)

	What the Bleep Do We Know!? - Movie Review by What is Enlightenment? Magazine
		She needs to embrace a new worldview, a new paradigm—one in which quantum physics, biochemistry, mind, emotions, God, and everything in between are interconnected in a seamless matrix of infinite potentials that is capable of being radically altered by thought alone.
		(aka What the BLEEP Do We Know!?), this feature-length film is an ambitious and entertaining attempt to turn such heady subjects as quantum physics, the nature of God, and neurochemistry into fun and easily digestible concepts.
		What the Bleep was written, produced, and directed over a period of three years by a trio of filmmakers from Yelm, Washington.
	www.wie.org /j27/what-the-bleep.asp (1624 words)

	What the Bleep Do We Know!? - Movie Review by What is Enlightenment? Magazine
		She needs to embrace a new worldview, a new paradigm—one in which quantum physics, biochemistry, mind, emotions, God, and everything in between are interconnected in a seamless matrix of infinite potentials that is capable of being radically altered by thought alone.
		(aka What the BLEEP Do We Know!?), this feature-length film is an ambitious and entertaining attempt to turn such heady subjects as quantum physics, the nature of God, and neurochemistry into fun and easily digestible concepts.
		What the Bleep was written, produced, and directed over a period of three years by a trio of filmmakers from Yelm, Washington.
	www.wie.org /j27/what-the-bleep.asp?ifr=hpf (1600 words)

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Topic: Turn (biochemistry)

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