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Topic: Tuscan dialect

	Italian language - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		In contrast to the dialects of northern Italy, the older southern Italian dialects were largely untouched by the Franco-Occitan influences introduced to Italy, mainly by bards from France, during the middle ages.
		The dialects of Italian identified by the Ethnologue are Tuscan, Piemontese, Abruzzese, Pugliese (Apulian), Umbrian, Laziale, Central Marchigiano, Cicolano-Reatino-Aquilano, and Molisan.
		Dialects are often used in movies to provide comic relief or to produce stereotypes: northern dialects can be connected to greedy merchants; a Roman accent is associated with arrogant, simple-minded bullies; Neapolitan reminds of dishonest, cunning slackers, and, even in Italy, Sicilian is often associated with the mafia.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/i/t/a/Italian_language.html (2534 words)

	Tuscan dialect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Tuscan dialect is a dialect spoken in Tuscany, Italy.
		It is the basis dialect for the Italian language, thanks to the masterpieces of Dante Alighieri, Francesco Petrarca and Giovanni Boccaccio, but also thanks to Niccolò Machiavelli and Francesco Guicciardini, that made it the "literary language" of the peninsula.
		The speakers talking a Tuscan dialect are about 3.500.000 people, all inhabitants of Tuscany, without the inhabitants of Massa-Carrara province, that speak a not-Tuscan dialect.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tuscan_dialect (1599 words)

	Italian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Standard Italian is based on the Tuscan dialect and is somewhat intermediate between the languages of Southern Italy and the Gallo-Romance languages of the North.
		The Romans are known for speaking clearly and distinctly, while the Tuscan dialect (supposedly influenced by Etruscan and Oscan) is the closest existing dialect to Dante's now-standard Italian.
		In contrast to the dialects of northern Italy, the older southern Italian dialects were largely untouched by the Franco-Occitan influences introduced to Italy, mainly by bards from France, during the middle ages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Italian_language (3102 words)

	Italian Language - LoveToKnow 1911
		The Vegliote dialect is the last remnant of a language which some long time ago extended from thence along the Dalmatian coast, whence it gained the name of Dalmatico, a language which should be carefully distinguished from the Venetian dialect spoken to this day in the towns of the Dalmatian littoral.
		Dialects of Sicily and of the Neapolitan Provinces.
		In such a case the dialect loses its slang and petty localisms, and at the same time also somewhat of its freshness; but it learns to express with more conscious sobriety and with more assured dignity the thought and the feeling of the various peoples which are fused in one national life.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Italian_Language (12415 words)

	DIALECT, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A dialect restricted to a certain area or locale is a geographical dialect; one spoken by a specific group of people of a similar level of education, social class, or occupation is a social dialect.
		The standard literary dialect of a language often was developed from a spoken dialect that was recorded by a talented writer or writers.
		The East Midland dialect of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer became the basis of the English language.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=207520 (247 words)

	Italian Language - ninemsn Encarta
		Often considered a language with numerous dialects (many of which are regarded as separate languages), Italian, like the other Romance languages, is the direct offspring of the Latin spoken by the Romans and imposed by them on the peoples under their dominion.
		The multiplicity of these languages and dialects and their individual claims upon their native speakers as pure Italian speech presented a peculiar difficulty in the evolution of an accepted form of Italian that would reflect the cultural unity of the entire peninsula.
		During the 14th century the Tuscan dialect began to predominate, because of the central position of Tuscany in Italy, and because of the aggressive commerce of its most important city, Florence.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761560079/Italian_Language.html (793 words)

	Italian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Standard Italian was strongly influenced by the Tuscan dialect and is somewhat intermediate between Italo-Dalmatian languages of the South and Gallo-Italian languages of the North.
		The Romans are known for speaking clearly and distinctly, while the Tuscan dialect (supposedly influenced by Etruscan and Oscan) is the closest existing dialect to Dante's now-standard Italian.
		Dialects have their share of enthusiasts, but in most areas of Italy this is a small niche of the population.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/Italian_language (3446 words)

	The History of the Italian Language
		A group of the dialects in the northern and northwestern regions of Italy are known as Gallo-Italian and show much influence from the French language spoken to the north.
		The Tuscan dialect is also the one that most strongly resembles Latin, which made it favorable among famous Italian politicians, philosophers and writers of the time, who usually preferred the Latin language over any other.
		With the formal unification of Italy in 1861, the Tuscan dialect of the Italian tongue became the official language of the Italian nation.
	www.lifeinitaly.com /italian/language-history.asp (492 words)

	The Tuscan Tongue
		But Tuscan is the greatest of all the dialects, for it has taken rank in the Peninsula and the world as one of the classical languages.
		It is not because Tuscan is Tuscan, melodious, sonorous, stately, that it is now the Italian language, but because Dante wrote in the Tuscan dialect, and Petrarch followed hard after, singing sweet songs in the same provincial tongue.
		In the Neapolitans and the Venetians this accent is agree-able; in the Milanese, the Genoese, the Bolognese, harsh and repellent.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles08/tuscany-10.shtml (3035 words)

	Italian Travel Phrases
		The Gizzeria dialect of Italian is used in the city of Gizzeria in the Catanzaro province of Italy.
		The Modenese dialect of Italian is used in the city of Spilamberto in the Modena province of Italy.
		The Tuscan dialect of Italian is used in Tuscany region of Italy.
	www.travelphrases.info /languages/italian.htm (115 words)

	Italian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Considered a single language with numerous dialects, Italian, like the other Romance languages, is the direct offspring of the Latin spoken by the Romans and imposed by them on the peoples under their dominion.
		South and central Sardinian dialects are so distinct from this entire group of dialects that they constitute a separate branch of the Romance languages, while an Italian dialect of the Eastern Alps, Friulian, which is spoken in northeastern Venetia, is considered by most linguists to be a Rhaeto-Romance language.
		The multiplicity of these dialects and their individual claims upon their native speakers as pure Italian speech presented a peculiar difficulty in the evolution of an accepted form of Italian that would reflect the cultural unity of the entire peninsula.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /tree/ital/italian.html (555 words)

	Tuscan dialect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A variety of a language (specifically, often a spoken variety) that is characteristic of a particular area, community or group, often with relatively minor differences in vocabulary, style, spelling and pronunciation.
		A language is a dialect with an army and a navy
		The difference between a language and a dialect is not always clear, but it is generally considered that people who speak different dialects can understand each other, while people who speak different languages cannot.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Tuscan_dialect.html (425 words)

	ALTRA ROMAGNA WEB SITE - the official site of Romagna local action group
		The dialect is rich in consonants and short in vowels due to the influence of Gallic colonization which from 500 B.C helped to create a largely homogenous linguistic base in the region.
		Equally noticeable are elements of Tuscan dialect found in words used by the people in the part of Romagna which borders Tuscany: quattre for the italian word quattro (four) instead of the quatar more typically found in the dialects of Romagna or ferme for the italian word fermo (stop) instead of ferum.
		It is true that the dialect has its vulgar expressions, but they are part of a fun and informal language which reflects the open and fun-loving character of the people of Romagna.
	www.altraromagna.net /eng/territorio/ter03.htm (404 words)

	Italian Language
		An Italian dialect of the eastern Alps, the Friulian, is spoken in northeastern Venetia.
		The multiplicity of these dialects and their individual claims upon their native speakers, presented a peculiar difficulty in the evolution of an accepted Italian language that would reflect the cultural unity of the entire peninsula.
		During the 14th century, the Tuscan dialect began to predominate because of the central position of Tuscany in Italy, and the aggressive commerce of its most important city, Florence.
	www.floria-publications.com /italy/italian_culture/italian_language.html (534 words)

	History Channel Search Results
		A dialect restricted to a certain area or locale is a geographical dialect; one spoken by a specific group of people of a similar level of education, social class, or occupation is a social dialect.
		The standard literary dialect of a language often was developed from a spoken dialect that was recorded by a talented writer or writers.
		Dialects of a given language, however, are considered to be mutually intelligible.
	www.historychannel.com /thcsearch/thc_resourcedetail.do?encyc_id=207520 (237 words)

	The Dialects of Italian \| Antimoon Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The dialects of modern Italian all have their roots in the spoken form of Latin (Vulgar Latin), in use throughout the Roman Empire.
		The Septentrional or Northern dialects in turn are divided into two main groups: the largest of these geographically is the Gallo-Italic group, encompassing the regions of Liguria, Piedmont, Lombardy, and Emilia-Romagna, as well as parts of Trentino-Alto Adige.
		Dialects of Italian are also spoken outside of the political boundaries of Italy.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/t5748.htm (1400 words)

	Italian language
		The Romans are known for speaking clearly and distinctly, while the Tuscan dialect is the closest existing dialect to Dante's now-standard Italian.
		The dolce stil novo, the platonic school of courtly love, can be considered the link between the old southern school and modern Tuscan poetry which aimed to express the new intellectual sensibility and fervor of the newly-born city-states, as Florence.
		Rioplatense Spanish, and particularly the speech of the city of Buenos Aires, has intonation patterns that resemble those of Italian dialects [3] due to the fact that Argentina, and particularly Buenos Aires, received a large number of Italian immigrants in the early 20th century.
	www.1bx.com /en/Italian_language.htm (4160 words)

	Liberty Mill article
		South and central Sardinian dialects are so distinct that they constitute a separate branch of the Romance languages, and an Italian dialect of the Eastern Alps, Friulian, is considered by most linguists to be a Rhaeto-Romanic dialect.
		The large number of dialects presented a difficulty in the evolution of a form of Italian that would reflect the cultural unity of the entire peninsula.
		During the 14th century the Tuscan dialect began to predominate, because of the central position of Tuscany (Toscana) in Italy, and because of the aggressive commerce of its most important city, Florence.
	www.lyberty.com /encyc/articles/italian.html (1356 words)

	Italian language, alphabet and pronunciation
		By the 14th century the Tuscan dialect was being used in political and cultural circles throughout Italy, though Latin remained the pre-eminent literary language until the 16th century.
		Today the Tuscan dialect is known as Italian (Italiano) and is the offical language of Italy.
		The Sicilian dialect for example, is sometimes regarded as a separate language and has a literary tradition older than Italian itself.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/italian.htm (480 words)

	Italian language - TvWiki, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The dialects of Italian identified by the Ethnologue are Tuscan, Abruzzese, Pugliese (Apulian), Umbrian, Laziale, Central Marchigiano, Cicolano-Reatino-Aquilano, and Molisan.
		Though technically speaking the division between dialect and language is purely conventional, it has been used by scholars, for eg.
		Speaking dialect is often shunned upon in Italy as it is a sign of lacking education.
	www.tvwiki.tv /wiki/Italian_language (2881 words)

	Italian
		The proliferation of regional dialects in Italy is due to its long history of separation into many small states and colonization by France, Spain and Austria-Hungary between the fall of the Roman Empire and Italian reunification in 1861.
		During the 14th century, the Tuscan dialect began to predominate because of the central position of Tuscany in Italy, and because of the economic power of its most important city, Florence.
		It was not until the 19th century, however, that the language spoken by educated Tuscans spread to become the standard language of a newly unified Italy.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/january/Italian.html (1072 words)

	Articles - Italian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The dialects of Italian listed by Ethnologue are Tuscan, Abruzzese, Pugliese (Apulian), Umbrian, Laziale, Central Marchigiano, Cicolano-Reatino-Aquilano, and Molisan.
		Also the Corsican language has strong similarities to Italian and most linguists consider it as a Tuscan dialect, the closest to modern Italian.
		A proof is the presence of Talian in Brazil: this is a variety of Italian influenced strongly by Venetian.
	www.wathcesa.com /articles/Italian_language (2293 words)

	Windows On Italy - Cultural Tidbits: Literature (1/5)
		Later, the great Tuscan writers of the 13th and 14th centuries, Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio, made a fundamental contribution by writing a literary language that would be the model for succeeding centuries.
		After an initial period in which the various dialects vied for supremacy, Florence's prodigious economic growth, social development and commercial and cultural expansion, led to the adoption over the centuries of its dialect as the common Italian tongue.
		Ladin, one of the dialects derived from Latin, is spoken in the Dolomite valleys and principally, in the Friuli region (around 900,000 inhabitants) where there is a lively use of the regional tongue alongside Italian.
	www.italian-american.com /languag.htm (1045 words)

	Art Bulletin, The: The Art of Giovanni Antonio da Pordenone: Between Dialect and Language, 2 vols - Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Venetian dialect, veneziano or venessian, once the language of a great empire, is now close to extinction.
		Natives of Pordenone in Friuli or Friul speak and spoke yet another dialect or language, friulan, incomprehensible to modern Italian ears outside the region.
		At least, that is the implication of Charles Cohen's subtitle, the linguistic metaphor implying the visual distinction between the friulan painter and his Venetian and Central Italian contemporaries.(2) Pordenone's dialect or his "provincialism" (vol.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0422/is_1_80/ai_54073912 (307 words)

	The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy
		In Italy, too, where the dialects differed so greatly from one another, we find in the thirteenth century a so-called 'Curiale,' which was common to the courts and to the poets.
		The Tuscan dialect became the basis of the new national speech.
		The dialects were from the beginning of the sixteenth century purposely left to deal with a certain class of subjects, serious as well as comic, and the style which was thus developed proved the equal to all its tasks.
	www.idbsu.edu /courses/hy309/docs/burckhardt/5-3.html (1373 words)

	Tuscany - WOI Encyclopedia Italia
		The Tuscan area was inhabited by peoples of the so-called Apennine culture in the late second millennium BCE (roughly 1350–1150 BCE) who had trading relationships with the Minoan and Mycenaean civilisations in the Aegean Sea.
		Following this the Villanovan culture (1100–700 BCE) came about which saw Tuscany, and the rest of Etruria, taken over by chiefdoms (as was also the case at this time in France and the Aegean after the collapse of Mycenae and Troy).
		The conflict between the Guelphs and Ghibellines, factions supporting, respectively, the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in central and northern Italy during the 12th and 13th centuries, split the Tuscan people.
	www.wheelsofitaly.com /wiki/index.php?title=Tuscany&redirect=no (833 words)

	Italian language - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Most Italians, however, refer to these simply as "dialect", with the exception of Sardinian and Friulian, which are usually recognized language status in the regions of Sardinia and Friuli-Venezia Giulia.
		Dante and other Tuscan poets were inspired by the Sicilian koine wanted by the Sicilian School under the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II.
		In any case there is a brave discussion on considering the talian like creole language or a variety of dialect with external influences (i.e.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Italian_Language (3131 words)

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