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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Tutsi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Tutsi are one of three native peoples of the nations of Rwanda and Burundi in central Africa, the other two being the Twa and the Hutu.
		The Tutsi were ruled by a king, the mwami, from the 15th century until 1961.
		The focus was on destroying the enemy's ability to cause harm to the Tutsi's, and not on the capture of the ground the Hutu's was defending.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Tutsi (2239 words)

	The History Place - Genocide in the 20th Century
		Although the Hutus account for 90 percent of the population, in the past, the Tutsi minority was considered the aristocracy of Rwanda and dominated Hutu peasants for decades, especially while Rwanda was under Belgian colonial rule.
		Amid the onslaught, the small U.N. peacekeeping force was overwhelmed as terrified Tutsi families and moderate politicians sought protection.
		In one case, at Musha, 1,200 Tutsis who had sought refuge were killed beginning at 8 a.m.
	www.historyplace.com /worldhistory/genocide/rwanda.htm (926 words)

	Candadian Officer Explains How Outnumbered Tutsi Defeated The Hutu In Rwanda [Free Republic]
		It was quite common in the Tutsi's to meet two officers, such as a 28 year old Battalion commander and the other a 28 year old signals Lieutenant, who had joined and served together until the signals officer had "Peter Principled" at the Platoon commander level and was subsequently transferred to a signals unit.
		The focus was on destroying the enemy's ability to cause harm to the Tutsi's, and not on the capture of the ground the Hutu's was defending.
		Tutsi's Section commanders were frequently seen inspecting their soldiers, and (from my observations) the soldiers and their fighting equipment were always well turned out.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a397a16354784.htm (3937 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| International \| The bitter fruits of colonialism
		Tutsi overlords ruled the Rwanda-Burundi region since their ancestors arrived from Ethiopia in the 16th century.
		Catholic missionaries dubbed the Tutsi a Hamitic "Ethiopian" people -- with the potential for approaching, but never quite reaching -- the "exalted level" of the white man. The Hutu, on the other hand, were defined as a negroid (Bantu) race -- brutish and inferior.
		The exiled Tutsi, who were denied the right to return for three decades, established a guerrilla army -- the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) which attacked the Rwandan Armed Forces (RAF) from its northern base in Uganda and invaded the country in October 1990.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2000/494/in2.htm (737 words)

	Sexual Violence and Genocide Against Tutsi Women
		The Tutsi, cattle-herders with particular phenotypes distinct from the Hutu and Twa, constituted the remainder of the population.
		Tutsi women became the "pivotal enemies" in the Hutu extremists' struggle because "they were socially positioned at the permeable boundary between the two ethnic groups." Thus, Tutsi women's ethnicity and gender made them particularly vulnerable to attack.
		Tutsi women who became pregnant have suffered intense shame and ostracization in a society that is particularly unwilling to accept unwed mothers.
	academic.udayton.edu /race/06hrights/GeoRegions/Africa/Rwanda01.htm (3709 words)

	Rwandan Coffee Club - Pre-Genocide
		Prior to the nineteenth century, Twa, Hutu and Tutsi lived in relative harmony and roughly corresponded to their respective occupations of sedentary agriculture (Hutu) and graziers (Tutsi) The nation and cultural mix is believed to have developed over two thousand years resulting in sharing common language and culture.
		The Tutsi were the cattle herders, soldiers and administrators, the Hutu were the farmers and the marginalised Twa were hunter-gatherers or potters.
		Tutsis were banned from the armed forces and marriage between Tutsis and Hutus was forbidden within the military.
	www.rwandancoffeeclub.org /pregenocide.html (1211 words)

	Tutsi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The stereotype is that Tutsis tend to be taller, with relatively thin or "lanky" frames, and have pointed noses and more "European" facial features and sometimes lighter skin; whereas, Hutus are more average in height and stocky in body frame.
		The Tutsi were ruled by a king, the mwami, from the 15th century until 1961.
		The monarchy was abolished by the Belgians, in response to the desires of both Tutsi and Hutu.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tutsi (1437 words)

	Tutsi
		In Rwanda, where the balance of power is more even, Tutsis were massacred in their thousands by Hutu militia during the 1994 civil war.
		The Tutsi are traditionally farmers and cattle herders.
		Cattle are a symbol of power and wealth, and have enabled the Tutsi to dominate the agricultural Hutu.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0032229.html (339 words)

	Kulanu: All of Us
		Because of Tutsi resistance and Hutu acceptance of Catholicism, Tutsi land was confiscated and given to Hutu “squatters”.
		This is the origin of the conflict between the Tutsi and the Hutu.
		In 1993, the Tutsi of Burundi were slaughtered by the Hutu in the hundreds of thousands, and over a million were killed in Rwanda.
	www.kulanu.org /tutsi/jews-africa.html (2665 words)

	Burundi: Armed groups kill without mercy - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		This appears to be mainly because the Tutsi community was not in conflict with the government and expected government forces to protect it.
		Tutsi armed groups are organized and financed by Tutsi political leaders, businessmen, and serving and retired members of the security forces.
		Tutsi political leaders, trade unionists and journalists who supported a general strike to force the resignation of President Sylvestre Ntibantunganya were arrested in mid-January 1996.
	www.web.amnesty.org /ai.nsf/index/AFR160081996 (8962 words)

	The Tutsi \|\| In and Out of Focus: Images from Central Africa 1885-1960
		The Tutsi of Rwanda first came into contact with the West at the end of the 19th century.
		It was divided into the Tutsi, the ruling class who raised cattle, the Hutu who were farmers and the Twa who were hunters.
		Based on their physical characteristics--they are among the tallest people in Africa--and their aristocratic demeanor, the Tutsi were assumed by early 20th-century Westerners to be the most "advanced" African peoples in the now-denounced evolutionary scheme promulgated at the time.
	www.nmafa.si.edu /exhibits/focus/tutsi.html (259 words)

	News: Great Lakes, Tutsi parties demand more talks on Burundi's power-sharing pact
		The power-sharing accord was signed by 20 of Burundi's Hutu and Tutsi political parties and endorsed by six African heads of states on August 18.
		Hardline Tutsis parties, accustomed to being the dominant force in Burundi's politics and the army, considered that the accord still gave too much to the majority Hutus.
		The Tutsi parties' letter accused some provincial governors, who although they were Tutsis, had taken part in the Hutu-led massacres of Tutsis in 1993.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/2585ff98879cd38d49256efb00094d5f (619 words)

	Genocide in Rwanda, Rwanda Genocide, Rwanda Massacres
		Beginning on April 6, 1994, and for the next hundred days, up to 800,000 Tutsis were killed by Hutu militia using clubs and machetes, with as many as 10,000 killed each day.
		Although the Hutus account for 90 percent of the population, in the past, the Tutsi minority was considered the aristocracy of Rwanda and dominated Hutu peasants for decades, especially while Rwanda was under Belgian colonial rule.
		The killers were aided by members of the Hutu professional class including journalists, doctors and educators, along with unemployed Hutu youths and peasants who killed Tutsis just to steal their property.
	www.unitedhumanrights.org /Genocide/genocide_in_rwanda.htm (881 words)

	Hutu-Tutsi conflict (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		It exploded in 1994 with the civil war in Rwanda in which hundreds of thousands of Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed.
		Tutsi rebels won control, which sent a million Hutus, fearful of revenge, into Zaire and Tanzania.
		He was killed in an attempted coup four months later, and his successor in a suspicious plane crash in 1994, in which the Hutu leader of Rwanda was also killed.
	www.cnn.com /EVENTS/1996/year.in.review/topten/hutu/history.html (230 words)

	FRONTLINE/WORLD Fellows . Rwanda - After the Genocide . Context \| PBS
		The aim of the Rwanda government officials who encouraged it was to eliminate all Tutsis from the country.
		Only the triumph of an invading Tutsi army three months after the genocide's beginning in April 1994 put a halt to the killing.
		The Rwandan Patriotic Front, the political party formed by the invading rebel Tutsi army that triumphed in the civil war of 1994, has controlled the country for the last nine years.
	www.pbs.org /frontlineworld/fellows/rwanda1103/context.html (590 words)

	Online NewsHour: The Heart of the Conflict -- March 5, 1999
		The Tutsis as cattle-herders were often in a position of economic dominance to the soil-tilling Hutus.
		That is not to say that all Tutsis were wealthy and all Hutus were poor, but in many areas, like Rwanda, the minority Tutsis ruled the Hutus.
		With Tutsi rebels continuing to fight in the former Zaire and Hutus waging guerilla battles in Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi, the ethnic strife that sparked the slaughters in Rwanda continue to infect the region.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/africa/jan-june99/hutus_tutsis.html (662 words)

	Tutsi, Hutu and Hima -- Cultural Background in Rwanda
		The Tutsis were cattle-herding warriors, similar in culture to the famous Maasai, but from a different racial stock.
		The Tutsis were a minority in both territories, and currently make up about 15% of the Burundi population and about 9% in Rwanda.
		In Rwanda the Hutus rebelled in 1959, forcing the Belgians to abolish the Tutsi monarchy in 1961.
	orvillejenkins.com /peoples/tutsiandhutu.html (1206 words)

	bur005 Tutsi parties boycott Burindi peace plan
		The main remaining problem is that the Hutu militias (supported by the Rwandan Hutus, responsible of the 1994 genocide) will not lay down their arms until it is accepted that general elections will be held and that there is imposed a neutral president in the period of transition.
		Tutsi parties, on their side, fear free elections (constituting only 15% of the population) that contain no other guarantees that more radical Hutu groups would not achieve government positions.
		This might lead to a repetition of the Rwandan history, were a radical Hutu government provoked the killing of almost one million Tutsis in spring 1994.
	www.afrol.com /News/bur005_tutsi_boycott.htm (606 words)

	Hutu and Tutsi Ask: Is a Unified Rwanda Possible? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Hutu and Tutsi are again living side by side, as they did for centuries.
		Paul Kagame, who led the army of exiled Tutsi who took power in 1994, admitted to some of the worst of the accusations, including reports that his soldiers had killed civilians in their fight against Hutu extremists.
		From top Tutsi officials to Hutu opposition politicians to farmers who scrape a living from sloping plots, an official version has emerged: It was the Belgian colonists who divided Rwanda, issuing identity cards that marked Hutu or Tutsi according to the colonists' own ideas about race.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/rwanda9.htm (1398 words)

	History (HRW Report - Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda, March 1999)
		The word “Tutsi,” which apparently first described the status of an individual—a person rich in cattle—became the term that referred to the elite group as a whole and the word “Hutu”—meaning originally a subordinate or follower of a more powerful person—came to refer to the mass of the ordinary people.
		The identification of Tutsi pastoralists as power-holders and of Hutu cultivators as subjects wasbecoming general when Europeans first arrived in Rwanda at the turn of the century, but it was not yet completely fixed throughout the country.
		Unclear whether these were races, tribes, or language groups, the Europeans were nonetheless certain that the Tutsi were superior to the Hutu and the Hutu superior to the Twa—just as they knew themselves to be superior to all three.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1999/rwanda/Geno1-3-09.htm (12827 words)

	Tutsi
		The Tutsi are a people who live in Rwanda, Burundi, and the northeastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
		Tutsi also live in the northeastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire).
		Tutsi and Hutu families are patrilineal (the family name is passed on by males).
	www.everyculture.com /wc/Brazil-to-Congo-Republic-of/Tutsi.html (1427 words)

	AllRefer.com - Tutsi (Peoples (except New World)) - Encyclopedia
		The original Tutsi homeland was probably in Ethiopia, and c.400 years ago they migrated south to around Lake Kivu.
		In the 1970s, 80s, and 90s, despite much integration of Tutsi and Hutu culture, many members of both tribes died in bloody fighting in Burundi, Rwanda, and Congo.
		The Tutsi are spectacularly tall, often 7 ft (2.1 m) in height.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/Tutsi.html (229 words)

	Tutsi - Ethnos - Books about the Tutsi People
		The Tutsi, more correctly the Batutsi, are one of three native peoples of the nations of Rwanda and Burundi in central Africa.
		In the Kinyarwanda language, a single Tutsi is termed batutsi, and more than one (the plural) is termed watutsi.
		Later yet, the Tutsi immigrated from the north during the 1400's and dominated both the Hutu and the Twa, establishing kingdoms that they ruled.
	www.almudo.com /ethnos/Tutsi.htm (302 words)

	400 Years of Trouble: The Tutsi and Hutu in 2000
		The Tutsi arrived in Rwanda sometime during the 15th century.
		For several hundred years, the Hutu labored under their Tutsi feudal masters until 1959 when they rose up to break the stranglehold of serfdom.
		A group of exiles, mostly Tutsis who had fled in 1959, invaded Rwanda from Uganda in 1990.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/african_history/68624 (488 words)

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